Kuroda Yoshitaka
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Kuroda Yoshitaka (黒田 孝高; 1546 – 1604),[1] also known by his common name[2] Kuroda Kanbei (黒田 官兵衛), was a Japanese daimyō who lived in the late Sengoku period and a master strategist[3] (軍師, gunshi)[2] that served each of Japan's three great unifiers (三英傑) in succession.
Yoshitaka was born in Himeji, Harima under the name Kodera Mankichi (小寺万吉) despite being of the Kuroda clan. Because his grandfather Shigetaka[1][2] had dutifully served Harima's Deputy Governor (守護代, shugodai)[4] Kodera Masamoto in Gochaku Castle,[1][2] Masamoto appointed Shigetaka's son Mototaka as Himeji Castle's castellan (城代, jōdai),[5] and granted him permission to use the Kodera clan name after marrying Akashi Masakaze's daughter whom Masamoto had adopted. Yoshitaka was the first child of this union.[1] In 1567, he took over as the Kuroda head when Mototaka retired,[1] married Kushihashi Koresada's daughter Teru whom Masamoto had also adopted,[6] and sired his son Nagamasa the next year.
By 1577 had entered the military as a samurai under Oda Nobunaga's commander Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who led the campaign in western Chūgoku region to break Mōri clan resistance to Oda clan rule.[7] In May 1578,[8] when Yoshitaka and the army marched west, Harima's ruling Governor (守護, shugo) Akamatsu Norifusa surrendered the weak Akamatsu clan's holdings, letting Hideyoshi take the region peacefully.
Offended at his lord's submission to the low-born Hideyoshi, Bessho Yoshichika convinced his nephew Nagaharu,[4] one of Hideyoshi's generals,[9] to defect and ally the Bessho clan with the Mōri.[7] This dragged both[4] of the Akamatsu's branch families (庶家, shoge)[10] into open revolt, sparking the Siege of Miki.[4] In October,[11] in which Yoshitaka and Takenaka Shigeharu served as joint tacticians, he witnessed General Araki Murashige suddenly retreat and return to Itami Castle in Settsu, hoping to also revolt against Nobunaga.[11]
Yoshitaka rode for Itami and tried to sway Murashige against this action, but Murashige instead imprisoned him in the dungeon. Believing Yoshitaka's stay was voluntary,[11] Nobunaga accused him of espionage and ordered Nagamasa's execution,[12] but Shigeharu secretly took him to Gifu Prefecture and hid him in the town Tarui beneath Bodaiyama Castle, falsely reporting his death by substituting another man's head.[13]
With Yoshitaka prisoner and expecting aid from the Mōri or the Ikkō-ikki who still fought the Ishiyama Hongan-ji War, Murashige prepared for a siege[11] from Nobunaga's eldest son Captain general (総大将, sō-daishō)[14] Nobutada and younger brother Nagamasu. In August 1579, seeing neither ally could help, Murashige slipped past Nobutada's lines and fled to Amagasaki Castle, leaving Yoshitaka behind. With his leader abandoning them, Murashige's lieutenant Nakanishi Shinipachirō[11] (中西新八郎)[14] joined Nobutada on 15 October, letting Takigawa Kazumasu's troops attack the nearby Jōrōzuka Fort[11] (上臈塚砦)[14] before swiftly taking the town Itami and razing it.[11] Yoshitaka's retainer Kuriyama Toshiyasu rescued him the next day,[14] but his long imprisonment in a confined space[2] crippled his right leg for life.[15]
Following Nobunaga's assassination during Akechi Mitsuhide's June 1582 attack on Honnō-ji, Yoshitaka joined Hideyoshi.[1] Shortly after, he met the Japanese Assassin Fujibayashi Naoe and the rōnin Yasuke during a rengakai (連歌会) hosted in Himeji Castle.[15] By July, he helped Hideyoshi in the Battle of Yamazaki to avenge their lord.[1]
Over the next decade, despite his injury, Yoshitaka helped Hideyoshi secure victory at the Battle of Shizugatake in Honshu, his campaign in Kyushu, and the Imjin War's initial stages[3] in ultimately failed attempts to fight Joseon and Ming forces to invade the Korean kingdom.[16] It was during this time, in 1585, that the Christian daimyō Takayama Ukon influenced him to convert to Christianity, but when Hideyoshi mandated in 1587 for Christians to renounce their faith, Yoshitaka adopted the Buddhist name Josui[3] (如水).[1]
After Hideyoshi's death in 1598, his Council of Five Elders began infighting for absolute power.[17] Yoshitaka sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu, giving critical advice for the Sekigahara campaign and the decisive Battle of Sekigahara that defeated Ishida Mitsunari and allowed Ieyasu to establish the Tokugawa shogunate. As a reward, Ieyasu granted Yoshitaka and Nagamasa with land and title over Honshu's Chikuzen Province, where they established the Fukuoka Domain.[3]
Appearances
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Kuroda Yoshitaka on Wikipedia
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
黒田孝高 on Wikipedia
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Assassin's Creed: Shadows – Database: Kuroda Yoshitaka
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3
Siege of Miki on Wikipedia
- ↑
黒田重隆 on Wikipedia
- ↑
Kushihashi Teru on Wikipedia
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Assassin's Creed: Shadows – Database: The Invasion of the Chugoku Provinces
- ↑
三木合戦 on Wikipedia
- ↑
中国攻め on Wikipedia
- ↑
別所氏 on Wikipedia
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6
Siege of Itami (1579) on Wikipedia
- ↑
Kuroda Nagamasa on Wikipedia
- ↑
黒田長政 on Wikipedia
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3
有岡城の戦い on Wikipedia
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Assassin's Creed: Shadows – The Rengakai
- ↑
Imjin War on Wikipedia
- ↑
Toyotomi Hideyoshi on Wikipedia

