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|current_state= {{wiki|Italian Republic}}
|current_state= {{wiki|Italian Republic}}
|capital= [[Rome]]
|capital= [[Rome]]
|assassin_branch= [[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Brotherhood]]
|assassin_branch= [[Roman Hidden Ones]] {{c|defunct}}<br>[[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Brotherhood]]
|templar_branch= [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order|Roman Rite]]
|templar_branch= [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order|Roman Rite]]
|past_states= [[Roman Kingdom]] {{c|753 BCE–509 BCE}}<br>[[Roman Republic]] {{c|509 BCE–27 BCE}}<br>[[Roman Empire]] {{c|27 BC–1453}}
|past_states= [[Roman Kingdom]] {{c|753 BCE–509 BCE}}<br>[[Roman Republic]] {{c|509 BCE–27 BCE}}<br>[[Roman Empire]] {{c|27 BC–1453}}
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|major_cities=[[Milan]]<br>[[Florence]]<br>[[Naples]]<br>[[Venice]]
|major_cities=[[Milan]]<br>[[Florence]]<br>[[Naples]]<br>[[Venice]]
|major_landmarks= [[Colosseum]]<br>[[St. Mark's Basilica]]<br>[[Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore|Florence Cathedral]]<br>[[St. Peter's Basilica]]<br>[[Sistine Chapel]]
|major_landmarks= [[Colosseum]]<br>[[St. Mark's Basilica]]<br>[[Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore|Florence Cathedral]]<br>[[St. Peter's Basilica]]<br>[[Sistine Chapel]]
|isu_vault(s)= [[Colosseum Vault]]<br>[[Vatican Vault]]
|isu_vault(s)= [[Colosseum Vault]]<br>[[Pythagorean Vault]]<br>[[Vatican Vault]]<br>[[Venice vault|Venice Vault]]
}}
}}
'''Italy''' (Latin and Italian: ''Italia'') is a country located in southern [[Europe]] that shares borders with [[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[Austria]], and {{Wiki|Slovenia}} to the north.
'''Italy''' (Latin and Italian: ''Italia'') is a country located in southern [[Europe]] that shares borders with [[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[Austria]], and {{Wiki|Slovenia}} to the north.
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==History==
==History==
===Isu era===
===Isu era===
During the [[Isu Era]], the [[Isu|First Civilization]] built at least three [[Temple (Isu)|vaults]] in the area that would one day become the city of [[Rome]]. Certain of the Isu were later considered as gods by the Romans and ancient [[Greece|Greeks]], with [[Jupiter]], [[Minerva]], and [[Juno]] comprising what would be remembered as the [[Capitoline Triad]], a group of gods worshipped on the [[Capitoline Hill]].<ref name="ACB"/>
During the [[Isu Era]], the [[Isu]] built at least three [[Temple (Isu)|vaults]] in the area that would one day become the city of [[Rome]]. A number of Isu were later remembered as gods by the Romans and ancient [[Greece|Greeks]], with [[Jupiter]], [[Minerva]], and [[Juno]] comprising what would be remembered as the [[Capitoline Triad]], a group of gods worshipped on the [[Capitoline Hill]].<ref name="ACB"/>


===Roman era===
===Roman era===
Between the 8th century BCE and the 7th century BCE, the Greeks founded many colonies in the South of Italy. The cities of [[Naples]], [[Sybaris]] and [[Croton]] formed a part of the [[Magna Graecia]].<ref name="ACOD">''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]''</ref> During the 6th century BCE, the mathematician [[Pythagoras]] visited Italy and discovered one of the [[Pythagorean Vault|Isu vaults]]. His followers built a [[Temple of Pythagoras|Temple]] on the site of the vault to hide it.<ref name="ACB"/>
Between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, the Greeks founded many colonies in southern Italy. The cities of [[Naples]], [[Sybaris]], and [[Croton]] formed a part of the [[Magna Graecia]].<ref name="ACOD">''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]''</ref> During the 6th century BCE, the mathematician [[Pythagoras]] visited Italy and discovered [[Pythagorean Vault|one]] of its Isu vaults. His followers built a [[Temple of Pythagoras|temple]] on the site of the vault to hide it.<ref name="ACB"/>


According to legends, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BCE by [[Romulus]] after he killed his twin brother [[Remus]]. In 510 BCE, the monarchy of Rome fell and the [[Roman Republic]] was created. The Republic conquered all of Italy before turning its attention to other lands around the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], including [[Spain|Hispanica]], [[Cyrenaica]], and Greece.{{Fact}}
According to legends, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BCE by [[Romulus]] after he killed his twin brother [[Remus]]. In 510 BCE, the monarchy of Rome fell and the [[Roman Republic]] was created. The Republic conquered all of Italy before turning its attention to other lands around the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], including [[Spain|Hispanica]], [[Cyrenaica]], and Greece.{{Fact}}


In 71 BCE, [[Spartacus]] amongst others, incited a {{Wiki|Third Servile War|slave uprising}}. By the rebellion's end, Spartacus and 6000 others were [[Crucifixion|crucified]] to death as punishment.<ref name="Spartacus"/>
In 71 BCE, [[Spartacus]], amongst others, incited a {{Wiki|Third Servile War|slave uprising}} in the Roman Republic. By the rebellion's end, Spartacus and 6000 others were [[Crucifixion|crucified]] to death as punishment.<ref name="Spartacus"/>


Circa 60 BCE, the Roman Republic became became an influencial power in [[Egypt]] and the Middle East with the military campaigns of the consul [[Pompey]]. Another consul, [[Gaius Julius Caesar]], conquered [[France|Gaul]] in 52 BCE.<ref name="ACO"/>
Circa 60 BCE, the Roman Republic became became an influencial power in [[Egypt]] and the [[Middle East]] with the military campaigns of the consul [[Pompey]]. Another consul, [[Gaius Julius Caesar]], conquered [[France|Gaul]] in 52 BCE.<ref name="ACO"/>


In 49 BCE, war erupted between Pompey and Caesar and, after becoming dictator, Caesar tracked Pompey to Egypt. In 46 BCE, after triumphing from Pompey's and [[Ptolemy XIII]]'s army, Caesar returned in Rome with [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]], the pharaoh of Egypt, and their son [[Caesarion]]. In Egypt, Caesar became involved with the [[Order of the Ancients]], a secret society which had controlled Egypt for over a millenia and would eventually find himself in control of the Order. In 44 BCE, following [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|Caesar's assassination]] by [[Amunet]] of the [[Hidden Ones]], control of the both the Order and the Republic passed to his adopted son [[Augustus|Octavian]].<ref name="ACO"/> With the Order's support, Octavian later founded the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, becoming its first emperor.<ref name="ACO comic">[[Assassin's Creed: Origins (comic)|''Assassin's Creed: Origins'' comic]]</ref>
In 49 BCE, a [[Caesar's Civil War|civil war]] erupted between Pompey and Caesar. The former fled to Egypt but was soon tracked down by Caesar, who had been appointed {{Wiki|Roman dictator|dictator}}. In 46 BCE, after triumphing over Pompey's and [[Ptolemy XIII]]'s army, Caesar returned to Rome with [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]], the [[pharaoh]] of Egypt, and their son [[Caesarion]]. During his time in Egypt, Ceaser had become affiliated with the [[Order of the Ancients]], a secret society that sought to control the world from the shadows, and eventually rose to become one of the Order's leaders.<ref name="ACO"/>


The emperor [[Caligula]], one of Augustus' successor, was manipulated by the Order of the Ancients. In 41 CE, the Hidden Ones [[Leonius]] with other members of his Brotherhood stabbed Caligula to death.<ref name="AC2"/>
[[File:ACO Fall of an Empire, Rise of Another 18.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Rome, 44 BCE]]
In 44 BCE, following [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|Caesar's assassination]] by [[Amunet]] and other members of the [[Assassins|Hidden Ones]], control of the both the Order and the Roman Republic passed to his adopted son, [[Augustus|Octavian]].<ref name="ACO"/> With the Order's support, Octavian later founded the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, becoming its first emperor under the name Augustus.<ref name="ACO comic">[[Assassin's Creed: Origins (comic)|''Assassin's Creed: Origins'' comic]]</ref>


Around 60 CE, [[Saint Peter|Simon Peter]]–a disciple of the preacher [[Jesus of Nazareth]]–who wielded a [[Papal Staff of Eden|Staff of Eden]], arrived in Rome to spread the Christianity in Italy. In 67 CE, the emperor [[Nero]] ordered Peter's execution and the persecution of the Christians. The Staff of Eden was down among the leaders of the Christian community. During the 4th century, the Christianity became the official religion of the empire.{{Fact|15 March 2021}}
During the 1st century CE, Emperor [[Caligula]], one of Augustus' successors, was influenced by the Order of the Ancients. In 41 CE, the Hidden One [[Leonius]] assassinated Caligula to end his tyrannical reign over Rome.<ref name="AC2"/>
 
Around 60 CE, [[Saint Peter|Simon Peter]], a disciple of the preacher [[Jesus of Nazareth]] and the wielder of a [[Papal Staff of Eden|Staff of Eden]], arrived in Rome to spread [[Christianity]] to Italy.<ref >''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs|Glyph #5]]: "Instruments of Power"</ref> In 67 CE, Emperor [[Nero]] ordered Peter's execution and the persecution of the Christians.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Basilica di San Pietro]]</ref> The Staff of Eden was then passed down among the leaders of the Christian community.<ref name="AC2"/> During the 4th century, Christianity became the official religion of the empire.{{Fact|15 March 2021}}


===Middle Ages===
===Middle Ages===
In 476 CE, the Western Roman Empire collapsed. During the 5th century, the Ostrogoths, who had sacked Rome previously, controlled the city of [[Florence]]. During the 6th century, it fell under the control of the Lombards. Italy soon found itself divided into countless city-states. In late 7th Century, a [[Republic of Venice|Republic]] was formed in the city of [[Venice]],<ref>''Assassin's Creed II'' – [[Database: Venezia]]</ref> and in 751 CE, the bishop of Rome founded his [[Papacy|own state]], becoming the Pope and the spiritual leader of Catholic World. During the 11th century, the Normans invaded the south of Italy and founded the Kingdom of Naples.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Napoli]]</ref> During the 12th Century, Florence became a Republic.{{Fact|15 March 2021}}
In 476 CE, the Western Roman Empire collapsed. During the 5th century, the Ostrogoths, who had sacked Rome previously, controlled the city of [[Florence]]. During the 6th century, it fell under the control of the Lombards. Italy soon found itself divided into countless city-states.<ref name="Florence DB">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Firenze (Assassin's Creed II)|Database: Firenze]]</ref>
 
[[File:Venice Lineage.png|thumb|250px|Venice]]
In the late 7th century, a [[Republic of Venice|Republic]] was formed in the city of [[Venice]],<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Venezia]]</ref> and in 751 CE, the bishop of Rome founded his [[Papacy|own state]], becoming the Pope and the spiritual leader of the Catholic world. During the 11th century, the Normans invaded the south of Italy and founded the Kingdom of Naples.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Napoli]]</ref> During the 12th century, Florence also became a Republic.<ref name="Florence DB"/>
 
During the [[Crusades]], Italian states such as Venice and [[Genoa]] maintained an economical connection with the Middle East thanks to the establishment of Italian districts in cities like [[Acre]] and [[Constantinople]].<ref name="AC1">''[[Assassin's Creed]]''</ref><ref name="ACR">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref> In 1269, the explorer brothers [[Niccolò Polo|Niccolò]] and [[Maffeo Polo]] returned to Venice from a long journey to the [[Levant]]. During their travels, they had met [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]], the [[Mentor]] of the [[Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins]], who inducted them into the Order and entrusted them with his [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad's Codex|Codex]], which they lost to the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Passing the Torch]]</ref>
 
In Venice, the Polo brothers founded an [[Assassins Guilds|Assassins guild]],<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia]]''</ref> marking the first establishment of an Assassin presence in Italy since the fall of the Roman Empire.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref> Between 1271 and 1295, Niccolò and Maffeo, joined by the former's son [[Marco Polo|Marco]], who also became an Assassin, traveled to [[Kublai Khan]]'s court and recovered Altaïr's Codex before returning to Venice.<ref name="Paying Respects">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Paying Respects]]</ref>


During the times of the Crusades, Italian-states as Venice and [[Genoa]] had economical connection with Middle East, having Italian districts in the cities of [[Acre]] and [[Constantinople]]. In 1269, the explorers brothers [[Niccolò Polo|Niccolò]] and [[Maffeo Polo]] returned in Venice from a long journey in Levant. During their travel, they met [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]], the [[Mentor]] of the [[Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins]], the medieval iteration of the Hidden Ones. He inducted them in the Brotherhood and entrusted to them his [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad's Codex|Codex]].The Polos lost the book from the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] during their return. In Venice, the brothers founded a [[Assassins Guilds|Assassins guild]] and Niccolò trained his son [[Marco Polo|Marco]] to became an Assassin. Between 1271 and 1295, the three Polos traveled to [[Kublai Khan]]'s court and recovered the Codex before returning in Venice.<ref name="ACRV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>
Later, Marco entered into contact with the Florentine writer [[Dante Alighieri]], who was also an Assassin. [[Domenico Auditore's father|One]] of Marco's sailors and his son [[Domenico Auditore|Domenico]] also joined the Brotherhood. In 1321, Dante was assassinated by the [[Templars]], the successors of the Order of the Ancients. The [[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Assassins]] decided to hide the Codex in [[Spain]] and sent Domenico with his [[Isabetta Auditore|wife]] and his [[Renato Auditore|son]] to accomplish the mission. Around 1324, the Templars killed Marco Polo and Domenico's father in Venice. Domenico returned to Italy after scattering the Codex's pages to prevent them from falling into Templar hands, but lost his wife to [[Piracy|pirates]].<ref name="Paying Respects"/>


Later, Marco entered in contact with the Florentine writer [[Dante Alighieri]], who was also an Assassin. One of Marco's sailor and his son [[Domenico Auditore|Domenico]] also joined the Brotherhood. In 1321, Alighieri was assassinated by the [[Templars|Templar Order]], the successor of the Order of the Ancients. The [[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Assassins]] decided to hide the Codex in Spain and sent Domenico with his [[Isabetta Auditore|wife]] and his [[Renato Auditore|son]] to accomplish the mission. Around 1324, the Templars killed Marco Polo and Domenico's father in Venice. Domenico returned in Italy after successfully dispatched the Codex pages but having lost his wife by the hands of [[Piracy|pirates]]. With the fortune of Marco, Domenico built a new identity, posing as a Florentine noble from the [[House of Auditore]]. In 1327, he acquired a [[Villa Auditore|Villa]] in the city of [[Monteriggioni]] in [[Tuscany]] which became the headquarters of the Italian Assassins. Domenico also installed a [[Auditore Family Crypt|crypt for his family]] under the city and locked the [[Armor of Altaïr]] in the [[Sanctuary]]. The [[Seals]] were hidden in six [[Assassin Tombs]] in Florence, Venice, [[San Gimignano]] and [[Forlì]].<ref name="AC2"/> In 1356, Renato, Domenico's son, was in possession of a [[Shroud of Eden 1|Shroud of Eden]] and hid it under the Villa.<ref name="Italian Wars 3">''Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 3 – Mario Auditore]]</ref>
[[File:ACIVilla.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Villa Auditore in Monteriggioni]]
Using Marco's fortune, Domenico built a new identity, posing as a Florentine noble from the [[House of Auditore]]. In 1327, he acquired a [[Villa Auditore|Villa]] in the town of [[Monteriggioni]] in [[Tuscany]], which became the headquarters of the Italian Assassins.<ref name="Paying Respects"/> Domenico also installed a [[Auditore Family Crypt|crypt for his family]] under the city and locked the [[Armor of Altaïr]] in the [[Sanctuary]]. The [[Assassin Seals|Seals]] were hidden in six [[Assassin Tombs]] in Florence, Venice, [[San Gimignano]], and [[Forlì]].<ref name="AC2"/>
 
By 1356, Renato, Domenico's son, was in possession of a [[Shroud of Eden 1|Shroud of Eden]] and hid it under the Villa Auditore.<ref name="Italian Wars 3">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 3 – Mario Auditore]]</ref>


===Renaissance===
===Renaissance===
Italy served as the birthplace of the [[Renaissance]], a cultural movement which soon spread throughout all of Europe, during the 15th century. Florence was one of the major cultural center of the Italian Renaissance. The Duomo of the [[Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore]] of [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] became a manifest of the Renaissance and the artistic patronage of the [[House of Medici]], the rulers of Florence, greatly impacted the cultural influence of the city around Italy.<ref>''Assassin's Creed II'' – [[Database: Firenze]]</ref>
Italy served as the birthplace of the [[Renaissance]], a cultural movement which soon spread throughout all of Europe, during the 15th century. Florence was one of the major cultural centers of the Italian Renaissance. The dome of the [[Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore]], built by [[Filippo Brunelleschi]], became a manifest of the Renaissance while the artistic patronage of the [[House of Medici]], the rulers of Florence, greatly impacted the city's cultural influence around Italy.<ref name="Florence DB"/>
 
When [[Rodrigo Borgia]] became the [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] of the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order|Italian Templars]] by 1476, the Templars executed plans to take over the major city-states of northern Italy. They first organized the [[Assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza|assassination]] of [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza]], the Duke of Milan. As the Assassin [[Giovanni Auditore da Firenze]] tried to stop their plans,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Lineage]]''</ref> they executed him and two of his sons.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Last Man Standing]]</ref>
 
[[File:Firenzelineage.png|thumb|250px|Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance]]
Giovanni's last surviving son, [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze|Ezio]], with the support of the Assassins, thwarted many Templar plots, including the [[Pazzi conspiracy]] against [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] in 1478,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Wolves in Sheep's Clothing]]</ref> and the [[Venetian conspiracy|attempt]] to take control of the Venetian Republic during the 1480s.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Everything Must Go]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Infrequent Flier]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Having a Blast]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Cheaters Never Prosper]]</ref> In 1492, the Templars nonetheless managed to seize control of Rome and the rest of the Papal States when Rodrigo Borgia was elected Pope Alexander VI.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Rodrigo Borgia (Assassin's Creed II)|Database: Rodrigo Borgia]]</ref>
 
In 1488, the Italian Templars delivered to Venice an [[Apple of Eden 6|Apple of Eden]] recovered from [[Cyprus]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[All Things Come to He Who Waits]]</ref> The Assassins succeeded in retrieving the artifact,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Play Along]]</ref> only to later lose it during the [[Battle of Forlì]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]] – [[Battle of Forlì (DLC)|Battle of Forlì]]'' – [[Checcomate]]</ref> The monk [[Girolamo Savonarola]] found the Apple and, after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492 and the invasion of Italy by King [[Charles VIII of France]] in 1494, used it to take power in Florence, installing a theocracy. As Rodrigo tried to recover the artifact, Florence and the Papacy went to war.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Renaissance]]''</ref> In 1498, the Assassins rallied Florence's population to revolt against Savonarola's rule. Following the monk's death, the [[Bonfire of the Vanities]] came to an end and the Republic of Florence was restored.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]] – [[Bonfire of the Vanities (DLC)|Bonfire of the Vanities]]'' – [[Mob Justice]]</ref>
 
In the late 1480s, both the Assassins and Templars sought to find an Isu [[Venice vault|vault]] hidden in Venice. The Assassin [[Giulia]] killed a Templar inside the [[Basilica di San Marco]], who revealed the vault's location underneath the cathedral. Giulia subsequently accessed the vault, where she found one piece of an Isu [[Vejovis' dagger|dagger]] and was contacted by a hologram of [[Vejovis]], who instructed her to hide the dagger deeper within the vault.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book]]'' – Chapter 5: A Hidden Tomb</ref>
 
In 1493, the Templar [[Bonacolto Contarini]] attempted to seize control of Florence, capturing and selling anyone who opposed him into slavery. A team of [[Spanish Brotherhood of Assassins|Spanish Assassins]] worked with the Italian Assassins [[Perina di Bastian]] and [[Corvo Antonelli]] to eliminate Contarini.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]'' – ''[[A War in the Shadows]]'' – [[The Slaver's Demise]]</ref>


When [[Rodrigo Borgia]] became [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] of the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order|Italian Templars]] by 1476, the Templars executed plans to take over the major city-states of northern Italy. They first organized the [[Assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza|assassination]] of [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza]], the Duke of Milan. As the Assassin [[Giovanni Auditore da Firenze]] tried to stop their plans,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Lineage]]''</ref> they executed him and two of his sons. Giovanni's last remaining son, [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze|Ezio]], with the support of the Assassins, thwarted many Templar plots, including the [[Pazzi conspiracy]] against [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] in 1478 and the [[Venetian conspiracy|attempt]] to take control of the Venetian Republic during the 1480s. In 1492, the Templars nonetheless managed to seize control of Rome and the rest of the Papal States when Rodrigo Borgia was crowned Pope Alexander VI.<ref name="AC2"/>
In 1498, King [[Louis XII of France]] allied with Rodrigo in his conquest of Naples. Rodrigo's son, [[Cesare Borgia]], further conquered several other regions of Italy, like Imola and [[Romagna]] in his role as Captain General of the Papal Armies, expecting to unify Italy. In 1499, the Venetian Republic went to [[Ottoman–Venetian War|war]] with the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ACB"/>


In 1488, the Italian Templars delivered in Venice an [[Apple of Eden 6|Apple of Eden]] from East. This artifact was in possession of the Assassins for a short time before losing it during the [[Battle of Forlì]]. The monk [[Girolamo Savonarola]] recovered the artifact and after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492 and the invasion of Italy by the troops of the King [[Charles VIII of France]] in 1494, Savonarola took the power in Florence, installing a theocracy. As Rodrigo tried to recover the artifact, Florence and the Papacy entered in war. In 1498, the Assassins rose the population against Savonarola to reclaim the Apple. Savonarola was condemned to die at the stake, ending the [[Bonfire of the Vanities]] and announcing the return of the republic in the city.<ref name="AC2"/>
[[File:IBAL 15.png|thumb|250px|left|Ezio contacted by the hologram of Minerva]]
In December 1499, after defeating Rodrigo in the [[Sistine Chapel]], Ezio opened the [[Vatican Vault]] with the Apple of Eden and the Papal Staff. There, he was contacted by a hologram of Minerva, who told him about the [[Great Catastrophe]] and warned his descendant, [[Desmond Miles]], about the incoming [[Second Disaster]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[In Bocca al Lupo]]</ref> Later, Cesare led an [[Siege of Monteriggioni|attack]] on Monteriggioni, taking the Apple, capturing [[Caterina Sforza]], and killing [[Mario Auditore]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Vilified]]</ref> Ezio decided to install the new headquarters of the Assassins in Rome, recruiting the population to defeat Cesare.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Man of the People]]</ref>


In 1498, the King [[Louis XII of France]] allied with Alexander VI in his conquest of Naples. Rodrigo's son, [[Cesare Borgia]], further conquered several other regions of Italy like Imola annd [[Romagna]] in his role as Captain General of the Papal Armies, expecting to unify Italy. In 1499, the Venetian Republic entered in [[Ottoman–Venetian War|war]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ACB"/>
During this time, Ezio, at [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s request, traveled around Italy to destroy the [[war machine]]s the inventor had been forced to build for Cesare's army.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[An Unexpected Visitor]]</ref> Another team of Assassins led by [[Francesco Vecellio]] also operated throughout Italy, supporting Cesare's enemies and attacking the French troops of the Templar [[Charles de la Motte]].<ref name="Rome 3">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Rome: Chapter 3 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>


In December 1499, after defeating Rodrigo in the [[Sistine Chapel]], Ezio openned the [[Vatican Vault]] with the Apple and the Papal staff. He entered in communication with Minerva, who told him about the [[Great Catastrophe]] and warning his [[Desmond Miles|descendant]] about the incoming [[Second Disaster]]. Later, Cesare led an attack on Monteriggioni, taking the Apple, capturing [[Caterina Sforza]] and killing [[Mario Auditore]]. Ezio decided to install the new headquarters of the Assassins in Rome, recruiting the population to defeat Cesare plan. Ezio traveled through Italy to destroy [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[war machine]]s to foil the military project of Cesare.<ref name="ACB"/> A team of Assassins led by [[Francesco Vecellio]] operated in Italy to support Cesare's enemies and attack the French troops of the Templar [[Charles de la Motte]].<ref name="Rome 3">''Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy'' – [[Rome: Chapter 3 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>
By 1503, because of the Assassins' actions, coupled with Rodrigo's death at the hands of his son, the Templars' influence in Rome and Italy as a whole had started to dwindle.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[An Apple a Day]]</ref> The succeeding Popes, [[Pius III]] and [[Julius II]], did not favor Cesare, and the Templars' influence completely collapsed following Cesare's arrest in December 1503, while the Assassins continued to maintain a strong presence in the country.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[All Roads Lead To...]]</ref>


By 1503, due to the subsequent actions of the Assassins, coupled with Rodrigo's death at the hands of his son, the Templars' influence in Rome and Italy waned. The succeeding Popes, [[Pius III]] and [[Julius II]], did not favor Cesare, and the Templars' influence in Italy collapsed, while the Assassins maintained a strong presence in the country.<ref name="ACB"/>
In 1506, Ezio decided to hide the Apple of Eden in the [[Colosseum Vault]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[A Seed]]</ref> The [[Hermeticists]] led by [[Ercole Massimo]] tried to recover the artifact and also kidnapped Leonardo da Vinci to find the Temple of Pythagoras. Ezio killed Ercole and rescued Leonardo, then explored the temple alongside the latter, discovering its hidden Isu vault.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – ''[[The Da Vinci Disappearance]]'' – [[The Temple of Pythagoras]]</ref>


By 1506, Ezio decided to hid the Apple of Eden in the [[Colosseum Vault]]. The [[Hermeticists]] led by [[Ercole Massimo]] tried to recover the artifact and also kidnapped Leonardo Da Vinci to find the Temple of Pythagoras. Ezio killed Ercole and with Leonardo discovered what was in the vault.<ref name="ACB"/>
[[File:PL Stand.jpg|thumb|250px|The Battle of Agnadello]]
In 1509, Louis XII of France invaded the Venetian Republic. The Venetian ''condottiero'' and Assassin [[Bartolomeo d'Alviano]] tried to defended the city of [[Agnadello]] during a [[Battle of Agnadello|battle]] but was captured. Bartolomeo's cousin, [[Niccolò di Pitigliano]], stole the Shroud of Eden from the Assassins during the conflict.<ref name="Italian Wars 1" /> A year later, Francesco Vecellio mortally wounded Pitigliano and recovered the artifact for the Brotherhood.<ref name="Italian Wars 2">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 2 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>


In 1509, Louis XII of France invaded the Venetian Republic. The Venetian condottiero and Assassin [[Bartolomeo d'Alviano]] tried to defended the city of [[Agnadello]] during [[Battle of Agnadello|a battle]] but was captured. Bartolomeo's cousin, [[Niccolò di Pitigliano]] stole the Shroud of Eden from the Assassins during the conflict.<ref name="Italian Wars 1" /> A year later, Francesco Vecellio mortally wounded Pitigliano and recovered the artifact for the Brotherhood.<ref name="Italian Wars 2">''Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 2 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>
In 1511, the city of Genoa was under the control of the French troops. The Genoese captain [[Andrea Doria]] led a revolt against the French, with the help of a team of [[Ottoman Brotherhood of Assassins|Ottoman Assassins]]. After this attempt failed, the Assassins escorted Doria out of the city.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Mediterranean Defense]]</ref>


In 1511, the city of Genoa was under the control of the French troops. The Genoese captain [[Andrea Doria]] led a revolt against the French, with the help of  a team of Ottoman Assassins. After this attempt failed, the Assassins escorted Doria out of the city.<ref name="ACRV"/>
In 1513, the Republic of Venice allied with the French against Milan. In 1515, Bartolomeo d'Alviano participated in the French victory in Marignano against the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] mercenaries.<ref name="AC2"/> That same year, the Templars in Florence were in possession of an Apple of Eden. The Assassins [[Giovanni Borgia]] and [[Hiram Stoddard]] tried to recover the artifact but failed.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)|Assassin's Creed]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed 13|Issue #13]]</ref>


In 1513, the Republic of Venice allied with the French against Milan. In 1515, Bartolomeo d'Alviano participated to the French victory in Marignano against the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] mercenaries.<ref name="AC2"/> The same, the Templars in Florence were in possession of a Apple of Eden. The Assassins [[Giovanni Borgia]] and [[Hiram Stoddard]] tried to recover the artifact but failed.<ref name="ACTitan">''[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)|Assassin's Creed]]'' – {{Cite|29 June 2021}}</ref>
[[File:ACE-V 11.png|thumb|250px|left|Shao Jun preparing to leave Italy and return to China]]
In 1524, the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Assassins]] [[Zhu Jiuyuan]] and [[Shao Jun]] arrived in Venice to find Ezio Auditore and seek his help with rebuilding their fallen Brotherhood. However, they were followed by Templar agents who killed Jiuyuan,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China]]'' – [[Database: Zhu Jiuyuan]]</ref> while Shao Jun eventually met Ezio at his villa in Tuscany. Ezio, having retired from the Brotherhood years prior, was reluctant to help her, but when Shao Jun's pursuers attacked the villa, the two Assassins worked together to defeat them. Shao Jun then left Italy with a [[Precursor box]] she received from Ezio.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''</ref>


In 1524, the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Assassins]] [[Zhu Jiuyuan]] and [[Shao Jun]] arrived in Venice to enter in contact with Ezio Auditore to help them in the reconstruction of their branch. They were tracked by agents of the [[Chinese Rite of the Templar Order]] and Zhu was killed. Shao arrived in Tuscany and with Ezio's help, killed the Templars who tracked her. Shao left Italy with a [[Precursor box]] gave by Ezio.<ref name="Embers">''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''</ref>
In 1527, Rome was sacked by [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] troops.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Giuliano de' Medici]]</ref> Around this time, Giovanni Borgia and his wife [[Maria Amiel]] entered the Temple of Pythagoras and came into contact with the Isu [[Consus]].<ref name="Divine Science 1">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Divine Science: Chapter 1 – Maria Amiel]]</ref>


In 1527, Rome was sacked by the Imperial troops.{{Fact|15 March 2021}} Around that time, Giovanni Borgia and his wife [[Maria Amiel]] entered in the Temple of Pythagoras and were in contact with [[Consus]].<ref name="Divine Science 1">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Divine Science: Chapter 1 – Maria Amiel]]</ref>
In 1542, Pope [[Paul III]] established the [[Roman Inquisition]] in Italy, a system of tribunals for prosecuting anyone with alternate religious beliefs. Individuals such as [[Giordano Bruno]] and [[Galileo Galilei]] were judged and condemned by the Inquisition.<ref name="DNA">''[[Assassin's Creed DNA]]'' – Timeline</ref>


In 1542, the pope [[Paul III]] established the [[Roman Inquisition]] in Italy, a system of tribunals for prosecuting anyone with alternate religious beliefs. Individuals as [[Giordano Bruno]] and [[Galileo Galilei]] were judged and condemned by the Inquisition.<ref name="DNA">''[[Assassin's Creed DNA]]'' – Timeline</ref>
Prior to traveling to [[Japan]] with the [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] mission, [[Luís Fróis]] spent time in Rome, where he learned about the city's corruption under the Templars and its subsequent [[Liberation of Rome|liberation]] by the Assassins half a century prior.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Shadows]]'' – [[The Path He Walks]]</ref>  


===Modern era===
===Early modern era===
In 1853, the [[Aurora Equestrian Troupe]] performed in Rome, where its acrobat [[Pierrette Arnaud]] searched for a lost [[soldier]] and [[Ada Lovelace]]'s childhood friend, [[Simeon Price]].<ref name="Chapter 09">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' – Chapter 9</ref> A year later, Price found himself at a villa near [[Lake Como]], stayed there with its owner, [[Laura]]. However, after saving another visitor, [[Felice Orsini]], from soldiers, Price had to leave after his mention of the "[[Oscar Kane|Magus]]" saving him.<ref name="Chapter 12">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' – Chapter 12</ref>
Around 1724, the [[British Brotherhood of Assassins|British Assassin]] [[Edward Kenway]] visited Italy during his search for Isu vaults around the world. He found several temples, which he documented in his [[Edward Kenway's journal|journal]],<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[War Letters]]: "Lawrence of America"</ref> and later contacted the Brotherhood, who also conducted an investigation and discovered several new Precursor ruins.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 2|Episode 2]]</ref>
 
In 1853, the [[Aurora Equestrian Troupe]] performed in Rome, where its acrobat [[Pierrette Arnaud]] searched for a lost [[soldier]] and [[Ada Lovelace]]'s childhood friend, [[Simeon Price]].<ref name="Chapter 09">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' – Chapter 9</ref> A year later, Price found himself at a villa near [[Lake Como]] and stayed there with its owner, [[Laura]]. However, after saving another visitor, [[Felice Orsini]], from soldiers, Price had to leave after his mention of the "[[Oscar Kane|Magus]]" saving him.<ref name="Chapter 12">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' – Chapter 12</ref>


===World War I===
===World War I===
In the century after its unification occurred, Italy joined with the [[British Empire]] in [[World War I|First World War]], supporting it against the [[Germany|German Empire]].{{Fact|June 2019}}
In the century after its unification occurred, Italy joined with the [[British Empire]] in the [[World War I|First World War]], supporting it against the [[Germany|German Empire]].{{Fact|June 2019}}


===World War II===
===World War II===
During the inter-war period, Italian dictator {{Wiki|Benito Mussolini}}, joined forces with the Templar puppet and dictator of [[Germany]], [[Adolf Hitler]]. Together with [[Japan]], they formed the {{Wiki|Axis|Axis powers}} and a [[World War II|Second World War]] started against the {{Wiki|Allies of World War II|Allies}}, perpetrated by the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]], led by [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Joseph Stalin]], both three, sympathizers of the Templar Order.{{Fact|June 2019}}
During the interwar period, Italian dictator {{Wiki|Benito Mussolini}} joined forces with the Templar puppet and dictator of [[Germany]], [[Adolf Hitler]]. Together with Japan, they formed the {{Wiki|Axis|Axis powers}}, and a [[World War II|Second World War]] started against the {{Wiki|Allies of World War II|Allies}}, perpetrated by the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], and the [[Soviet Union]], led by [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Joseph Stalin]], all three of whom were influenced by the Templars.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs]]</ref>


===Modern times===
===Modern times===
By the early 21st Century the Templars had returned to prominence in the country, thanks mainly to the establishment of an [[Abstergo Industries]] [[Animus Project laboratory|laboratory]] in Rome.<ref name="AC"> ''[[Assassin's Creed]]''</ref> In 2012, a team of Assassins consisting of [[Desmond Miles]], [[Lucy Stillman]], [[Shaun Hastings]], and [[Rebecca Crane]] traveled through the country in the weeks after Desmond escaped from the Roman facility.<ref name="AC2"/>
By the early 21st century, the Templars had returned to prominence in the country, mainly thanks to the establishment of an [[Abstergo Industries]] [[Animus Project laboratory|laboratory]] in Rome. In 2012, Abstergo kidnapped the former Assassin [[Desmond Miles]] and brought him to the laboratory to explore his ancestors' [[Genetic memory|genetic memories]] to find [[Piece of Eden|Pieces of Eden]].<ref name="AC1"/> Desmond eventually escaped with the help of the Assassin mole [[Lucy Stillman]], and the pair worked with Lucy's fellow Assassins [[Shaun Hastings]] and [[Rebecca Crane]] to explore Ezio Auditore's memories in search of his Apple of Eden.<ref name="AC2"/>
 
[[File:ACBH Modern Monteriggioni.png|thumb|250px|Monteriggioni, 2012]]
After the Templars discovered and attacked their [[Rome hideout|hideout]] in Rome,<ref name="AC2"/> the team relocated to Monteriggioni, where they discovered the Apple's whereabouts in the Colosseum Vault. However, while retrieving it, Juno contacted Desmond through the artifact and influenced him to kill Lucy, who was a Templar double agent. Desmond subsequently fell into a coma and had to be flown to the [[United States]].<ref name="ACB"/>
 
In 2022, [[Joey]] and the Assassins [[Alera]] and [[Colm]] traveled to Venice to retrieve the second piece of Vejovis' dagger from the Isu vault underneath the Basilica di San Marco. As they entered the vault, Colm revealed himself as a Templar double agent and tried to force Joey to reconstruct the dagger, but he was killed by Alera. Joey then assembled the dagger, which started a resurrection process for Vejovis, who revealed that Joey was one of his [[Sage]]s and the artifact would allow the Isu to possess them. Joey broke the dagger to stop the resurrection process, then left the vault with Alera, who invited them to join the Assassins.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book]]'' – Chapter 6: Stopping the Cult</ref>


==Appearances==
==Appearances==
Line 120: Line 154:
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Lineage]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Lineage]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed II]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed II]]''
**''[[Battle of Forlì (DLC)|Battle of Forlì]]
**''[[Bonfire of the Vanities (DLC)|Bonfire of the Vanities]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Renaissance]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Ascendance]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Ascendance]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Renaissance]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''
**''[[Copernicus Conspiracy]]''
**''[[The Da Vinci Disappearance]]''
*[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood'' novel]]
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''
*[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood'' novel]]
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''
*[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]]
*[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]]
*''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' {{mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Memories]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Memories]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' {{Mo}}
*[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)|''Assassin's Creed: Assassins'']]
*''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China]]'' {{Mdat}}
*[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)|''Assassin's Creed'' comic]]
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Identity]]''
**''[[Forlì – A Crimson Sunset]]'' {{c|non-canon}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Reflections]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Reflections]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]''
*''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Identity]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]''
**''[[A War in the Shadows]]''
**''[[Naples, 1499 CE]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood of Venice]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood of Venice]]''
**''[[Roma (expansion pack)|Roma]]''
**''[[Creed vs Crows]]'' {{c|non-canon}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Geirmund's Saga]]'' {{c|as "Langbarðaland"}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Geirmund's Saga]]'' {{c|as "Langbarðaland"}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' {{mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed Roleplaying Game]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed Roleplaying Game]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Shadows]]'' {{Mdat}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Shadows]]'' {{Mo}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:57, 13 June 2025

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Italy (Latin and Italian: Italia) is a country located in southern Europe that shares borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia to the north.

History

Isu era

During the Isu Era, the Isu built at least three vaults in the area that would one day become the city of Rome. A number of Isu were later remembered as gods by the Romans and ancient Greeks, with Jupiter, Minerva, and Juno comprising what would be remembered as the Capitoline Triad, a group of gods worshipped on the Capitoline Hill.[5]

Roman era

Between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, the Greeks founded many colonies in southern Italy. The cities of Naples, Sybaris, and Croton formed a part of the Magna Graecia.[8] During the 6th century BCE, the mathematician Pythagoras visited Italy and discovered one of its Isu vaults. His followers built a temple on the site of the vault to hide it.[5]

According to legends, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BCE by Romulus after he killed his twin brother Remus. In 510 BCE, the monarchy of Rome fell and the Roman Republic was created. The Republic conquered all of Italy before turning its attention to other lands around the Mediterranean, including Hispanica, Cyrenaica, and Greece. [citation needed]

In 71 BCE, Spartacus, amongst others, incited a slave uprising in the Roman Republic. By the rebellion's end, Spartacus and 6000 others were crucified to death as punishment.[1]

Circa 60 BCE, the Roman Republic became became an influencial power in Egypt and the Middle East with the military campaigns of the consul Pompey. Another consul, Gaius Julius Caesar, conquered Gaul in 52 BCE.[2]

In 49 BCE, a civil war erupted between Pompey and Caesar. The former fled to Egypt but was soon tracked down by Caesar, who had been appointed dictator. In 46 BCE, after triumphing over Pompey's and Ptolemy XIII's army, Caesar returned to Rome with Cleopatra VII, the pharaoh of Egypt, and their son Caesarion. During his time in Egypt, Ceaser had become affiliated with the Order of the Ancients, a secret society that sought to control the world from the shadows, and eventually rose to become one of the Order's leaders.[2]

Rome, 44 BCE

In 44 BCE, following Caesar's assassination by Amunet and other members of the Hidden Ones, control of the both the Order and the Roman Republic passed to his adopted son, Octavian.[2] With the Order's support, Octavian later founded the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, becoming its first emperor under the name Augustus.[9]

During the 1st century CE, Emperor Caligula, one of Augustus' successors, was influenced by the Order of the Ancients. In 41 CE, the Hidden One Leonius assassinated Caligula to end his tyrannical reign over Rome.[4]

Around 60 CE, Simon Peter, a disciple of the preacher Jesus of Nazareth and the wielder of a Staff of Eden, arrived in Rome to spread Christianity to Italy.[10] In 67 CE, Emperor Nero ordered Peter's execution and the persecution of the Christians.[11] The Staff of Eden was then passed down among the leaders of the Christian community.[4] During the 4th century, Christianity became the official religion of the empire. [citation needed]

Middle Ages

In 476 CE, the Western Roman Empire collapsed. During the 5th century, the Ostrogoths, who had sacked Rome previously, controlled the city of Florence. During the 6th century, it fell under the control of the Lombards. Italy soon found itself divided into countless city-states.[12]

Venice

In the late 7th century, a Republic was formed in the city of Venice,[13] and in 751 CE, the bishop of Rome founded his own state, becoming the Pope and the spiritual leader of the Catholic world. During the 11th century, the Normans invaded the south of Italy and founded the Kingdom of Naples.[14] During the 12th century, Florence also became a Republic.[12]

During the Crusades, Italian states such as Venice and Genoa maintained an economical connection with the Middle East thanks to the establishment of Italian districts in cities like Acre and Constantinople.[15][16] In 1269, the explorer brothers Niccolò and Maffeo Polo returned to Venice from a long journey to the Levant. During their travels, they had met Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, the Mentor of the Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins, who inducted them into the Order and entrusted them with his Codex, which they lost to the Mongols.[17]

In Venice, the Polo brothers founded an Assassins guild,[18] marking the first establishment of an Assassin presence in Italy since the fall of the Roman Empire.[19] Between 1271 and 1295, Niccolò and Maffeo, joined by the former's son Marco, who also became an Assassin, traveled to Kublai Khan's court and recovered Altaïr's Codex before returning to Venice.[20]

Later, Marco entered into contact with the Florentine writer Dante Alighieri, who was also an Assassin. One of Marco's sailors and his son Domenico also joined the Brotherhood. In 1321, Dante was assassinated by the Templars, the successors of the Order of the Ancients. The Italian Assassins decided to hide the Codex in Spain and sent Domenico with his wife and his son to accomplish the mission. Around 1324, the Templars killed Marco Polo and Domenico's father in Venice. Domenico returned to Italy after scattering the Codex's pages to prevent them from falling into Templar hands, but lost his wife to pirates.[20]

The Villa Auditore in Monteriggioni

Using Marco's fortune, Domenico built a new identity, posing as a Florentine noble from the House of Auditore. In 1327, he acquired a Villa in the town of Monteriggioni in Tuscany, which became the headquarters of the Italian Assassins.[20] Domenico also installed a crypt for his family under the city and locked the Armor of Altaïr in the Sanctuary. The Seals were hidden in six Assassin Tombs in Florence, Venice, San Gimignano, and Forlì.[4]

By 1356, Renato, Domenico's son, was in possession of a Shroud of Eden and hid it under the Villa Auditore.[21]

Renaissance

Italy served as the birthplace of the Renaissance, a cultural movement which soon spread throughout all of Europe, during the 15th century. Florence was one of the major cultural centers of the Italian Renaissance. The dome of the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore, built by Filippo Brunelleschi, became a manifest of the Renaissance while the artistic patronage of the House of Medici, the rulers of Florence, greatly impacted the city's cultural influence around Italy.[12]

When Rodrigo Borgia became the Grand Master of the Italian Templars by 1476, the Templars executed plans to take over the major city-states of northern Italy. They first organized the assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan. As the Assassin Giovanni Auditore da Firenze tried to stop their plans,[22] they executed him and two of his sons.[23]

Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance

Giovanni's last surviving son, Ezio, with the support of the Assassins, thwarted many Templar plots, including the Pazzi conspiracy against Lorenzo de' Medici in 1478,[24] and the attempt to take control of the Venetian Republic during the 1480s.[25][26][27][28] In 1492, the Templars nonetheless managed to seize control of Rome and the rest of the Papal States when Rodrigo Borgia was elected Pope Alexander VI.[29]

In 1488, the Italian Templars delivered to Venice an Apple of Eden recovered from Cyprus.[30] The Assassins succeeded in retrieving the artifact,[31] only to later lose it during the Battle of Forlì.[32] The monk Girolamo Savonarola found the Apple and, after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492 and the invasion of Italy by King Charles VIII of France in 1494, used it to take power in Florence, installing a theocracy. As Rodrigo tried to recover the artifact, Florence and the Papacy went to war.[33] In 1498, the Assassins rallied Florence's population to revolt against Savonarola's rule. Following the monk's death, the Bonfire of the Vanities came to an end and the Republic of Florence was restored.[34]

In the late 1480s, both the Assassins and Templars sought to find an Isu vault hidden in Venice. The Assassin Giulia killed a Templar inside the Basilica di San Marco, who revealed the vault's location underneath the cathedral. Giulia subsequently accessed the vault, where she found one piece of an Isu dagger and was contacted by a hologram of Vejovis, who instructed her to hide the dagger deeper within the vault.[35]

In 1493, the Templar Bonacolto Contarini attempted to seize control of Florence, capturing and selling anyone who opposed him into slavery. A team of Spanish Assassins worked with the Italian Assassins Perina di Bastian and Corvo Antonelli to eliminate Contarini.[36]

In 1498, King Louis XII of France allied with Rodrigo in his conquest of Naples. Rodrigo's son, Cesare Borgia, further conquered several other regions of Italy, like Imola and Romagna in his role as Captain General of the Papal Armies, expecting to unify Italy. In 1499, the Venetian Republic went to war with the Ottoman Empire.[5]

Ezio contacted by the hologram of Minerva

In December 1499, after defeating Rodrigo in the Sistine Chapel, Ezio opened the Vatican Vault with the Apple of Eden and the Papal Staff. There, he was contacted by a hologram of Minerva, who told him about the Great Catastrophe and warned his descendant, Desmond Miles, about the incoming Second Disaster.[37] Later, Cesare led an attack on Monteriggioni, taking the Apple, capturing Caterina Sforza, and killing Mario Auditore.[38] Ezio decided to install the new headquarters of the Assassins in Rome, recruiting the population to defeat Cesare.[39]

During this time, Ezio, at Leonardo da Vinci's request, traveled around Italy to destroy the war machines the inventor had been forced to build for Cesare's army.[40] Another team of Assassins led by Francesco Vecellio also operated throughout Italy, supporting Cesare's enemies and attacking the French troops of the Templar Charles de la Motte.[41]

By 1503, because of the Assassins' actions, coupled with Rodrigo's death at the hands of his son, the Templars' influence in Rome and Italy as a whole had started to dwindle.[42] The succeeding Popes, Pius III and Julius II, did not favor Cesare, and the Templars' influence completely collapsed following Cesare's arrest in December 1503, while the Assassins continued to maintain a strong presence in the country.[43]

In 1506, Ezio decided to hide the Apple of Eden in the Colosseum Vault.[44] The Hermeticists led by Ercole Massimo tried to recover the artifact and also kidnapped Leonardo da Vinci to find the Temple of Pythagoras. Ezio killed Ercole and rescued Leonardo, then explored the temple alongside the latter, discovering its hidden Isu vault.[45]

The Battle of Agnadello

In 1509, Louis XII of France invaded the Venetian Republic. The Venetian condottiero and Assassin Bartolomeo d'Alviano tried to defended the city of Agnadello during a battle but was captured. Bartolomeo's cousin, Niccolò di Pitigliano, stole the Shroud of Eden from the Assassins during the conflict.[6] A year later, Francesco Vecellio mortally wounded Pitigliano and recovered the artifact for the Brotherhood.[46]

In 1511, the city of Genoa was under the control of the French troops. The Genoese captain Andrea Doria led a revolt against the French, with the help of a team of Ottoman Assassins. After this attempt failed, the Assassins escorted Doria out of the city.[47]

In 1513, the Republic of Venice allied with the French against Milan. In 1515, Bartolomeo d'Alviano participated in the French victory in Marignano against the Swiss mercenaries.[4] That same year, the Templars in Florence were in possession of an Apple of Eden. The Assassins Giovanni Borgia and Hiram Stoddard tried to recover the artifact but failed.[48]

Shao Jun preparing to leave Italy and return to China

In 1524, the Chinese Assassins Zhu Jiuyuan and Shao Jun arrived in Venice to find Ezio Auditore and seek his help with rebuilding their fallen Brotherhood. However, they were followed by Templar agents who killed Jiuyuan,[49] while Shao Jun eventually met Ezio at his villa in Tuscany. Ezio, having retired from the Brotherhood years prior, was reluctant to help her, but when Shao Jun's pursuers attacked the villa, the two Assassins worked together to defeat them. Shao Jun then left Italy with a Precursor box she received from Ezio.[50]

In 1527, Rome was sacked by Imperial troops.[51] Around this time, Giovanni Borgia and his wife Maria Amiel entered the Temple of Pythagoras and came into contact with the Isu Consus.[52]

In 1542, Pope Paul III established the Roman Inquisition in Italy, a system of tribunals for prosecuting anyone with alternate religious beliefs. Individuals such as Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galilei were judged and condemned by the Inquisition.[53]

Prior to traveling to Japan with the Jesuit mission, Luís Fróis spent time in Rome, where he learned about the city's corruption under the Templars and its subsequent liberation by the Assassins half a century prior.[54]

Early modern era

Around 1724, the British Assassin Edward Kenway visited Italy during his search for Isu vaults around the world. He found several temples, which he documented in his journal,[55] and later contacted the Brotherhood, who also conducted an investigation and discovered several new Precursor ruins.[56]

In 1853, the Aurora Equestrian Troupe performed in Rome, where its acrobat Pierrette Arnaud searched for a lost soldier and Ada Lovelace's childhood friend, Simeon Price.[57] A year later, Price found himself at a villa near Lake Como and stayed there with its owner, Laura. However, after saving another visitor, Felice Orsini, from soldiers, Price had to leave after his mention of the "Magus" saving him.[58]

World War I

In the century after its unification occurred, Italy joined with the British Empire in the First World War, supporting it against the German Empire. [citation needed]

World War II

During the interwar period, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini joined forces with the Templar puppet and dictator of Germany, Adolf Hitler. Together with Japan, they formed the Axis powers, and a Second World War started against the Allies, perpetrated by the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union, led by Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin, all three of whom were influenced by the Templars.[59]

Modern times

By the early 21st century, the Templars had returned to prominence in the country, mainly thanks to the establishment of an Abstergo Industries laboratory in Rome. In 2012, Abstergo kidnapped the former Assassin Desmond Miles and brought him to the laboratory to explore his ancestors' genetic memories to find Pieces of Eden.[15] Desmond eventually escaped with the help of the Assassin mole Lucy Stillman, and the pair worked with Lucy's fellow Assassins Shaun Hastings and Rebecca Crane to explore Ezio Auditore's memories in search of his Apple of Eden.[4]

Monteriggioni, 2012

After the Templars discovered and attacked their hideout in Rome,[4] the team relocated to Monteriggioni, where they discovered the Apple's whereabouts in the Colosseum Vault. However, while retrieving it, Juno contacted Desmond through the artifact and influenced him to kill Lucy, who was a Templar double agent. Desmond subsequently fell into a coma and had to be flown to the United States.[5]

In 2022, Joey and the Assassins Alera and Colm traveled to Venice to retrieve the second piece of Vejovis' dagger from the Isu vault underneath the Basilica di San Marco. As they entered the vault, Colm revealed himself as a Templar double agent and tried to force Joey to reconstruct the dagger, but he was killed by Alera. Joey then assembled the dagger, which started a resurrection process for Vejovis, who revealed that Joey was one of his Sages and the artifact would allow the Isu to possess them. Joey broke the dagger to stop the resurrection process, then left the vault with Alera, who invited them to join the Assassins.[60]

Appearances

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt – Tours: Crucifixion: "Spartacus"
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Assassin's Creed: Origins
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Holidays: Chapter 1 – Ghosts of Christmas Past
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Assassin's Creed II – [citation needed]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Italian Wars: Chapter 1 – Bartolomeo d'Alviano
  7. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Identity – Database: War of the League of Cambrai
  8. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Odyssey
  9. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Origins comic
  10. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Glyph #5: "Instruments of Power"
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Database: Basilica di San Pietro
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Assassin's Creed II – Database: Firenze
  13. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Venezia
  14. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Database: Napoli
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Assassin's Creed
  16. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations
  17. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Passing the Torch
  18. ↑ Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia
  19. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – A Brief History of the Hidden Ones
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Assassin's Creed II – Paying Respects
  21. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Italian Wars: Chapter 3 – Mario Auditore
  22. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Lineage
  23. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Last Man Standing
  24. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Wolves in Sheep's Clothing
  25. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Everything Must Go
  26. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Infrequent Flier
  27. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Having a Blast
  28. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Cheaters Never Prosper
  29. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Rodrigo Borgia
  30. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – All Things Come to He Who Waits
  31. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Play Along
  32. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Battle of Forlì – Checcomate
  33. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Renaissance
  34. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Bonfire of the Vanities – Mob Justice
  35. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book – Chapter 5: A Hidden Tomb
  36. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Rebellion – A War in the Shadows – The Slaver's Demise
  37. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – In Bocca al Lupo
  38. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Vilified
  39. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Man of the People
  40. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – An Unexpected Visitor
  41. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Rome: Chapter 3 – Francesco Vecellio
  42. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – An Apple a Day
  43. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – All Roads Lead To...
  44. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – A Seed
  45. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – The Da Vinci Disappearance – The Temple of Pythagoras
  46. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Italian Wars: Chapter 2 – Francesco Vecellio
  47. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Mediterranean Defense
  48. ↑ Assassin's Creed – Issue #13
  49. ↑ Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China – Database: Zhu Jiuyuan
  50. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Embers
  51. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Giuliano de' Medici
  52. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Divine Science: Chapter 1 – Maria Amiel
  53. ↑ Assassin's Creed DNA – Timeline
  54. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Shadows – The Path He Walks
  55. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Rogue – War Letters: "Lawrence of America"
  56. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple – Episode 2
  57. ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy – Chapter 9
  58. ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy – Chapter 12
  59. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Glyphs
  60. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Escape Room Puzzle Book – Chapter 6: Stopping the Cult

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