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Roman Republic

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The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization when the government operated as a republic. The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom and predated the Roman Empire.

The government of the Roman Republic was heavily influenced[1] by the Order of the Ancients. After the Roman consul and Order leader Flavius Metellus was killed in Egypt, the Order recruited the Republic army's prominent general Julius Caesar as its new leader in Rome.[2] Because of Caesar's corruption by declaring himself dictator perpetuo, the Hidden Ones Marcus Junius Brutus,[3] Gaius Cassius Longinus, and Aya[2] plotted his assassination in collaboration with disaffected Roman Senators calling themselves Liberatores, and killed him in the Theatre of Pompey's curia on 15 March 44 BCE.[3][2]

Brutus and Longinus subsequently fled Rome, but were pursued by the combined Roman armies of Marcus Antonius and Octavian. The Liberatores were eventually crushed, and Brutus committed suicide during the Battle of Philippi in Makedonia.[4] As Caesar's adopted son, Octavian became the Order's new leader and accumulated more power over the following years, gradually dissolving the Republic.[5] Following a civil war against Antonius, which culminated in his rival's defeat and Rome's annexation of Egypt,[6] Octavian proclaimed himself Emperor in 27 BCE, establishing the Roman Empire.[1]

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