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|date = August or September 480 BCE | |date = August or September 480 BCE | ||
|place = [[Malis]], [[Greece]] | |place = [[Malis]], [[Greece]] | ||
|result = Persian victory | |result = [[Iran|Persian]] victory | ||
|side1 = Greek city-states | |side1 = Greek [[Polis|city-states]] | ||
|side2 = [[Achaemenid Empire]] | |side2 = [[Achaemenid Empire]] | ||
|side3 = | |side3 = | ||
|side4 = | |side4 = | ||
|commanders1 = [[Leonidas I | |commanders1 = [[Leonidas I of Sparta]] †<br/>[[Dienekes]] † | ||
|commanders2 = [[Xerxes I of | |commanders2 = [[Xerxes I of Persia]] | ||
|commanders3 = | |commanders3 = | ||
|commanders4 = | |commanders4 = | ||
|forces1 = 300 | |forces1 = 300 [[Sparta]]n hoplites<br/>See [[Battle of Thermopylae#Behind the scenes|estimates below]] | ||
|forces2 = See [[Battle of Thermopylae#Behind the scenes|estimates below]] | |forces2 = See [[Battle of Thermopylae#Behind the scenes|estimates below]] | ||
|forces3 = | |forces3 = | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|casual3 = | |casual3 = | ||
|casual4 = | |casual4 = | ||
|civilian = | |civilian = }} | ||
}} | |||
The '''Battle of Thermopylae''', also known as the '''Battle of the 300''', was a military engagement in 480 BCE at [[Malis]], in northern [[Greece]], between the forces of the invading [[Achaemenid Empire]] of [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I]] and a combined army of the free Greek states, whose supreme commander was King [[Leonidas I]] of [[Sparta]]. | The '''Battle of Thermopylae''', also known as the '''Battle of the 300''', was a military engagement in 480 BCE at [[Malis]], in northern [[Greece]], between the forces of the invading [[Achaemenid Empire]] of [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I]] and a combined army of the free Greek states, whose supreme commander was King [[Leonidas I]] of [[Sparta]]. | ||
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==Prelude== | ==Prelude== | ||
Following [[Darius I of Persia]]'s defeat during the {{Wiki|first Persian invasion of Greece}} at the [[Battle of Marathon]] in 490 BCE, Darius' son and successor, Xerxes I actively began planning a second attempt, backed by the [[Cult of Kosmos]], who previously supported Darius. Upon ascending to the throne, he spent the next several years building up his military and naval forces in preperation. Finally, in 480 BCE the Perisan emperor considered himself ready and crossed the [[Hellespont]] and invaded Greece. | Following [[Darius I of Persia]]'s defeat during the {{Wiki|first Persian invasion of Greece}} at the [[Battle of Marathon]] in 490 BCE,<ref name="ACOD">''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]''</ref> Darius' son and successor, Xerxes I actively began planning a second attempt, backed by the [[Cult of Kosmos]]<ref name="ACOD" /> and the [[Order of the Ancients]], who previously supported Darius.<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Odyssey'' – ''[[Legacy of the First Blade]]''</ref> Upon ascending to the throne, he spent the next several years building up his military and naval forces in preperation. Finally, in 480 BCE the Perisan emperor considered himself ready and crossed the [[Hellespont]] and invaded Greece.<ref name="Wiki">Wikipedia contributors. (2019, March 30). Battle of Thermopylae. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:23, April 2, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Thermopylae&oldid=890157073</ref> | ||
They quickly overran [[Makedonia]] and [[Malis]] and had made it as far as the [[Hot Gates of Thermopylai|Thermopylai]] before encountering significant resistance. This resistance took the form of a united Greek army under the command of King Leonidas I of Sparta. | They quickly overran [[Makedonia]] and [[Malis]] and had made it as far as the [[Hot Gates of Thermopylai|Thermopylai]] before encountering significant resistance.<ref name="Wiki" /> This resistance took the form of a united Greek army under the command of King Leonidas I of Sparta.<ref name="ACOD" / /> | ||
==The battle== | ==The battle== | ||
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Following the battle, it was said that Xerxes, who was famous for honoring warriors who fought valiantly against the Persians, had been so infuriated by Leonidas that he cut off his head and impaled it on a pike.<ref name="Memories Awoken" /> | Following the battle, it was said that Xerxes, who was famous for honoring warriors who fought valiantly against the Persians, had been so infuriated by Leonidas that he cut off his head and impaled it on a pike.<ref name="Memories Awoken" /> | ||
The Persian invasion of Greece continued after the Thermopylae, but it was eventually halted with the Greek victory at the | The Persian invasion of Greece continued after the Thermopylae, but it was eventually halted with the Greek victory at the {{Wiki|Battle of Plataea}} in 479 BCE.<ref name="Wiki" /> | ||
==Behind the scenes== | ==Behind the scenes== | ||
Although it is widely believed that only 300 Spartans fought against the invading Persians at Thermopylae — a belief propagated in popular culture — contemporary historians placed anywhere from 5,100 ([[Herodotus]]) to 11,200 (Pausanias) Greeks at the battle. Modern estimates place 7,000 Greeks at Thermopylae. Likewise, estimates of the strength of the Persian forces vary depending on the source, with Herodotus claiming in excess of two million Persian soldiers taking part. Modern estimates claim anywhere between 120,000 to 300,000. | Although it is widely believed that only 300 Spartans fought against the invading Persians at Thermopylae — a belief propagated in popular culture — contemporary historians placed anywhere from 5,100 ([[Herodotus]]) to 11,200 (Pausanias) Greeks at the battle. Modern estimates place 7,000 Greeks at Thermopylae. Likewise, estimates of the strength of the Persian forces vary depending on the source, with Herodotus claiming in excess of two million Persian soldiers taking part. Modern estimates claim anywhere between 120,000 to 300,000.<ref name="Wiki" /> | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths="180" position="center" captionalign="center"> | <gallery widths="180" position="center" captionalign="center"> | ||
ACOD Battle of Thermopylae.png|The Spartans bracing a Persian attack | ACOD Battle of Thermopylae.png|The Spartans bracing a Persian attack | ||
Memories Awoken - Battle of Thermopylai - Assassins Creed Odyssey.png | |||
Memories Awoken - Fall of Leonidas - Assassins Creed Odyssey.png|Leonidas wounded | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Revision as of 07:24, 2 April 2019
The Battle of Thermopylae, also known as the Battle of the 300, was a military engagement in 480 BCE at Malis, in northern Greece, between the forces of the invading Achaemenid Empire of Xerxes I and a combined army of the free Greek states, whose supreme commander was King Leonidas I of Sparta.
A victory for the Persian Empire, the battle cost Leonidas his life but paved the way for an eventual Greek victory over the invaders. This, in turn, gave birth to the legend of Leonidas.
Prelude
Following Darius I of Persia's defeat during the first Persian invasion of Greece at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE,[1] Darius' son and successor, Xerxes I actively began planning a second attempt, backed by the Cult of Kosmos[1] and the Order of the Ancients, who previously supported Darius.[2] Upon ascending to the throne, he spent the next several years building up his military and naval forces in preperation. Finally, in 480 BCE the Perisan emperor considered himself ready and crossed the Hellespont and invaded Greece.[3]
They quickly overran Makedonia and Malis and had made it as far as the Thermopylai before encountering significant resistance.[3] This resistance took the form of a united Greek army under the command of King Leonidas I of Sparta.[1]
The battle
With the Persians forced to confront the Greeks head-on in the narrow pass, the Greek phalanx managed to not only hold the pass but inflict significant losses upon the Persian invaders. It was only the betrayal of Ephialtes, who showed the Persian a way around the pass and behind the Greek army, that tipped the balance in Xerxes' favor. At this point Leonidas, sensing the fear emanating from his Greek allies, sent all but his 300 Spartan warriors home.[4]
Eventually the Persian forces overran and exterminated the Spartan warriors holding the pass, who died to a man.[4]
Outcome
Following the battle, it was said that Xerxes, who was famous for honoring warriors who fought valiantly against the Persians, had been so infuriated by Leonidas that he cut off his head and impaled it on a pike.[4]
The Persian invasion of Greece continued after the Thermopylae, but it was eventually halted with the Greek victory at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BCE.[3]
Behind the scenes
Although it is widely believed that only 300 Spartans fought against the invading Persians at Thermopylae — a belief propagated in popular culture — contemporary historians placed anywhere from 5,100 (Herodotus) to 11,200 (Pausanias) Greeks at the battle. Modern estimates place 7,000 Greeks at Thermopylae. Likewise, estimates of the strength of the Persian forces vary depending on the source, with Herodotus claiming in excess of two million Persian soldiers taking part. Modern estimates claim anywhere between 120,000 to 300,000.[3]
Gallery
-
The Spartans bracing a Persian attack -
-
Leonidas wounded
Appearances
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Assassin's Creed: Odyssey
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Odyssey – Legacy of the First Blade
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Wikipedia contributors. (2019, March 30). Battle of Thermopylae. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:23, April 2, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Thermopylae&oldid=890157073
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Assassin's Creed: Odyssey – Memories Awoken
Assassin's Creed: Odyssey memories
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