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==History==
==History==
===Isu era===
===Isu era===
During the [[Isu era]], the [[Isu|First Civilization]] built at least three [[Temple (Isu)|vaults]] in the area that would one day become the city of [[Rome]]. Certain of the Isu were later considered as gods by the Romans and ancient [[Greece|Greeks]], with [[Jupiter]], [[Minerva]], and [[Juno]] comprising what would be remembered as the [[Capitoline Triad]], a group of gods worshipped on the [[Capitoline Hill]].<ref name="ACB"/>
During the [[Isu Era]], the [[Isu|First Civilization]] built at least three [[Temple (Isu)|vaults]] in the area that would one day become the city of [[Rome]]. Certain of the Isu were later considered as gods by the Romans and ancient [[Greece|Greeks]], with [[Jupiter]], [[Minerva]], and [[Juno]] comprising what would be remembered as the [[Capitoline Triad]], a group of gods worshipped on the [[Capitoline Hill]].<ref name="ACB"/>


===Roman era===
===Roman era===
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Circa 60 BCE, the Roman Republic became became an influencial power in [[Egypt]] and the Middle East with the military campaigns of the consul [[Pompey]]. Another consul, [[Gaius Julius Caesar]], conquered [[France|Gaul]] in 52 BCE.<ref name="ACO"/>
Circa 60 BCE, the Roman Republic became became an influencial power in [[Egypt]] and the Middle East with the military campaigns of the consul [[Pompey]]. Another consul, [[Gaius Julius Caesar]], conquered [[France|Gaul]] in 52 BCE.<ref name="ACO"/>


In 49 BCE, war erupted between Pompey and Caesar and, after becoming dictator, Caesar tracked Pompey to Egypt. In 46 BCE, after triumphing from Pompey's and [[Ptolemy XIII]]'s army, Caesar returned in Rome with [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]], the pharaoh of Egypt, and their son [[Caesarion]]. In Egypt, Caesar became involved with the [[Order of the Ancients]], a secret society which had controlled Egypt for over a millenia and would eventually find himself in control of the Order. In 44 BCE, following [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|Caesar's assassination]] by [[Amunet]] of the [[Hidden Ones]], control of the both the Order and the Republic passed to his adopted son [[Augustus|Octavianus]].<ref name="ACO"/> With the Order's support, Octavianus later founded the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, becoming its first emperor.<ref name="ACO comic">[[Assassin's Creed: Origins (comic)|''Assassin's Creed: Origins'' comic]]</ref>
In 49 BCE, war erupted between Pompey and Caesar and, after becoming dictator, Caesar tracked Pompey to Egypt. In 46 BCE, after triumphing from Pompey's and [[Ptolemy XIII]]'s army, Caesar returned in Rome with [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]], the pharaoh of Egypt, and their son [[Caesarion]]. In Egypt, Caesar became involved with the [[Order of the Ancients]], a secret society which had controlled Egypt for over a millenia and would eventually find himself in control of the Order. In 44 BCE, following [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|Caesar's assassination]] by [[Amunet]] of the [[Hidden Ones]], control of the both the Order and the Republic passed to his adopted son [[Augustus|Octavian]].<ref name="ACO"/> With the Order's support, Octavian later founded the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, becoming its first emperor.<ref name="ACO comic">[[Assassin's Creed: Origins (comic)|''Assassin's Creed: Origins'' comic]]</ref>


The emperor [[Caligula]], one of Augustus' successor, was manipulated by the Order of the Ancients. In 41 CE, the Hidden Ones [[Leonius]] with other members of his Brotherhood stabbed Caligula to death.<ref name="AC2"/>
The emperor [[Caligula]], one of Augustus' successor, was manipulated by the Order of the Ancients. In 41 CE, the Hidden Ones [[Leonius]] with other members of his Brotherhood stabbed Caligula to death.<ref name="AC2"/>


Around 60 CE, [[Saint Peter|Simon Peter]]–one of [[Jesus Christ]]'s disciples–who wielded a [[Papal Staff of Eden|Staff of Eden]], arrived in Rome to spread the Christianity in Italy. In 67 CE, the emperor [[Nero]] ordered Peter's execution and the persecution of the Christians. The Staff of Eden was down among the leaders of the Christian community. During the 4th century, the Christianity became the official religion of the empire.{{Fact|15 March 2021}}
Around 60 CE, [[Saint Peter|Simon Peter]]–a disciple of the preacher [[Jesus of Nazareth]]–who wielded a [[Papal Staff of Eden|Staff of Eden]], arrived in Rome to spread the Christianity in Italy. In 67 CE, the emperor [[Nero]] ordered Peter's execution and the persecution of the Christians. The Staff of Eden was down among the leaders of the Christian community. During the 4th century, the Christianity became the official religion of the empire.{{Fact|15 March 2021}}


===Middle Ages===
===Middle Ages===
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During the times of the Crusades, Italian-states as Venice and [[Genoa]] had economical connection with Middle East, having Italian districts in the cities of [[Acre]] and [[Constantinople]]. In 1269, the explorers brothers [[Niccolò Polo|Niccolò]] and [[Maffeo Polo]] returned in Venice from a long journey in Levant. During their travel, they met [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]], the [[Mentor]] of the [[Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins]], the medieval iteration of the Hidden Ones. He inducted them in the Brotherhood and entrusted to them his [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad's Codex|Codex]].The Polos lost the book from the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] during their return. In Venice, the brothers founded a [[Assassins Guilds|Assassins guild]] and Niccolò trained his son [[Marco Polo|Marco]] to became an Assassin. Between 1271 and 1295, the three Polos traveled to [[Kublai Khan]]'s court and recovered the Codex before returning in Venice.<ref name="ACRV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>
During the times of the Crusades, Italian-states as Venice and [[Genoa]] had economical connection with Middle East, having Italian districts in the cities of [[Acre]] and [[Constantinople]]. In 1269, the explorers brothers [[Niccolò Polo|Niccolò]] and [[Maffeo Polo]] returned in Venice from a long journey in Levant. During their travel, they met [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]], the [[Mentor]] of the [[Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins]], the medieval iteration of the Hidden Ones. He inducted them in the Brotherhood and entrusted to them his [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad's Codex|Codex]].The Polos lost the book from the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] during their return. In Venice, the brothers founded a [[Assassins Guilds|Assassins guild]] and Niccolò trained his son [[Marco Polo|Marco]] to became an Assassin. Between 1271 and 1295, the three Polos traveled to [[Kublai Khan]]'s court and recovered the Codex before returning in Venice.<ref name="ACRV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>


Later, Marco entered in contact with the Florentine writer [[Dante Alighieri]], who was also an Assassin. One of Marco's sailor and his son [[Domenico Auditore|Domenico]] also joined the Brotherhood. In 1321, Alighieri was assassinated by the [[Templars|Templar Order]], the successor of the Order of the Ancients. The [[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Assassins]] decided to hide the Codex in Spain and sent Domenico with his [[Isabetta Auditore|wife]] and his [[Renato Auditore|son]] to accomplish the mission. Around 1324, the Templars killed Marco Polo and Domenico's father in Venice. Domenico returned in Italy after successfully dispatched the Codex pages but having lost his wife by the hands of [[Piracy|pirates]]. With the fortune of Marco, Domenico built a new identity, posing as a Florentine noble from the [[House of Auditore]]. In 1327, he acquired a [[Villa Auditore|Villa]] in the city of [[Monteriggioni]] in [[Tuscany]] which became the headquarters of the Italian Assassins. Domenico also installed a [[Auditore Family Crypt|crypt for his family]] under the city and locked the [[Armor of Altaïr]] in the [[Sanctuary]]. The [[Seals]] were hidden in six [[Assassin Tombs]] in Florence, Venice, [[San Gimignano]] and [[Forlì]].<ref name="AC2"/> In 1356, Renato, Domenico's son, was in possession of a [[Shroud of Eden 1|Shroud of Eden]] and hid it under the Villa.<ref name="Italian Wars 3">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 3 – Mario Auditore]]</ref>
Later, Marco entered in contact with the Florentine writer [[Dante Alighieri]], who was also an Assassin. One of Marco's sailor and his son [[Domenico Auditore|Domenico]] also joined the Brotherhood. In 1321, Alighieri was assassinated by the [[Templars|Templar Order]], the successor of the Order of the Ancients. The [[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Assassins]] decided to hide the Codex in Spain and sent Domenico with his [[Isabetta Auditore|wife]] and his [[Renato Auditore|son]] to accomplish the mission. Around 1324, the Templars killed Marco Polo and Domenico's father in Venice. Domenico returned in Italy after successfully dispatched the Codex pages but having lost his wife by the hands of [[Piracy|pirates]]. With the fortune of Marco, Domenico built a new identity, posing as a Florentine noble from the [[House of Auditore]]. In 1327, he acquired a [[Villa Auditore|Villa]] in the city of [[Monteriggioni]] in [[Tuscany]] which became the headquarters of the Italian Assassins. Domenico also installed a [[Auditore Family Crypt|crypt for his family]] under the city and locked the [[Armor of Altaïr]] in the [[Sanctuary]]. The [[Seals]] were hidden in six [[Assassin Tombs]] in Florence, Venice, [[San Gimignano]] and [[Forlì]].<ref name="AC2"/> In 1356, Renato, Domenico's son, was in possession of a [[Shroud of Eden 1|Shroud of Eden]] and hid it under the Villa.<ref name="Italian Wars 3">''Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 3 – Mario Auditore]]</ref>


===Renaissance===
===Renaissance===
Italy served as the birthplace of the [[Renaissance]], a cultural movement which soon spread throughout all of Europe, during the 15th century. Florence was one of the major cultural center of the Italian Renaissance. The Duomo of the [[Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore]] of [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] became a manifest of the Renaissance and the artistic patronage of the [[House of Medici]], the rulers of Florence, greatly impacted the cultural influence of the city around Italy.<ref>''Assassin's Creed II'' – [[Database: Firenze]]</ref>
Italy served as the birthplace of the [[Renaissance]], a cultural movement which soon spread throughout all of Europe, during the 15th century. Florence was one of the major cultural center of the Italian Renaissance. The Duomo of the [[Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore]] of [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] became a manifest of the Renaissance and the artistic patronage of the [[House of Medici]], the rulers of Florence, greatly impacted the cultural influence of the city around Italy.<ref>''Assassin's Creed II'' – [[Database: Firenze]]</ref>


When [[Rodrigo Borgia]] became [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] of the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order|Italian Templars]] in 1476,<ref name="Initiates">''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]''</ref> the Templars executed plans to take over the major city-states of northern Italy. They first organized the [[Assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza]], the Duke of Milan. As the Assassin [[Giovanni Auditore da Firenze]] tried to stop their plans, they executed him and two of his sons. Giovanni's last remaining son, [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze|Ezio]], with the support of the Assassins, thwarted many Templar plots, as the [[Pazzi conspiracy]] against [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] in 1478 and the [[Venetian Conspiracy|attempt to take control of the Venetian Republic]] during the 1480's. In 1492, the Templars nonetheless managed to seize control of Rome and the rest of the Papal States when Rodrigo Borgia was crowned Pope Alexander VI.<ref name="AC2"/>
When [[Rodrigo Borgia]] became [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] of the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order|Italian Templars]] by 1476, the Templars executed plans to take over the major city-states of northern Italy. They first organized the [[Assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza|assassination]] of [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza]], the Duke of Milan. As the Assassin [[Giovanni Auditore da Firenze]] tried to stop their plans,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Lineage]]''</ref> they executed him and two of his sons. Giovanni's last remaining son, [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze|Ezio]], with the support of the Assassins, thwarted many Templar plots, including the [[Pazzi conspiracy]] against [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] in 1478 and the [[Venetian Conspiracy|attempt to take control of the Venetian Republic]] during the 1480's. In 1492, the Templars nonetheless managed to seize control of Rome and the rest of the Papal States when Rodrigo Borgia was crowned Pope Alexander VI.<ref name="AC2"/>


In 1488, the Italian Templars delivered in Venice an [[Apple of Eden 6|Apple of Eden]] from East. This artifact was in possession of the Assassins for a short time before losing it during the [[Battle of Forlì]]. The monk [[Girolamo Savonarola]] recovered the artifact and after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492 and the invasion of Italy by the troops of the King [[Charles VIII of France]] in 1494, Savonarola took the power in Florence, installing a theocracy. As Rodrigo tried to recover the artifact, Florence and the Papacy entered in war. In 1498, the Assassins rose the population against Savonarola to reclaim the Apple. Savonarola was condemned to die at the stake, ending the [[Bonfire of the Vanities]] and annoncing the return of the republic in the city.<ref name="AC2"/>
In 1488, the Italian Templars delivered in Venice an [[Apple of Eden 6|Apple of Eden]] from East. This artifact was in possession of the Assassins for a short time before losing it during the [[Battle of Forlì]]. The monk [[Girolamo Savonarola]] recovered the artifact and after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492 and the invasion of Italy by the troops of the King [[Charles VIII of France]] in 1494, Savonarola took the power in Florence, installing a theocracy. As Rodrigo tried to recover the artifact, Florence and the Papacy entered in war. In 1498, the Assassins rose the population against Savonarola to reclaim the Apple. Savonarola was condemned to die at the stake, ending the [[Bonfire of the Vanities]] and annoncing the return of the republic in the city.<ref name="AC2"/>
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In 1498, the King [[Louis XII of France]] allied with Alexander VI in his conquest of Naples. Rodrigo's son, [[Cesare Borgia]], further conquered several other regions of Italy like Imola annd [[Romagna]] in his role as Captain General of the Papal Armies, expecting to unify Italy. In 1499, the Venetian Republic entered in [[Ottoman–Venetian War|war]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ACB"/>
In 1498, the King [[Louis XII of France]] allied with Alexander VI in his conquest of Naples. Rodrigo's son, [[Cesare Borgia]], further conquered several other regions of Italy like Imola annd [[Romagna]] in his role as Captain General of the Papal Armies, expecting to unify Italy. In 1499, the Venetian Republic entered in [[Ottoman–Venetian War|war]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ACB"/>


In December 1499, after defeating Rodrigo in the [[Sistine Chapel]], Ezio openned the [[Vatican Vault]] with the Apple and the Papal staff. He entered in communication with Minerva, who told him about the [[Great Catastrophe]] and warning his [[Desmond Miles|descendant]] about the incomming [[Second Disaster]]. Later, Cesare led an attack on Monteriggioni, taking the Apple, capturing [[Caterina Sforza]] and killing [[Mario Auditore]]. Ezio decided to install the new headquarters of the Assassins in Rome, recruiting the population to defeat Cesare plan. Ezio traveled through Italy to destroy [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[War Machine]]s to foil the military project of Cesare.<ref name="ACB"/> A team of Assassins led by [[Francesco Vecellio]] operated in Italy to support Cesare's enemies and attack the French troops of the Templar [[Charles de la Motte]].<ref name="Rome 3">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Rome: Chapter 3 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>
In December 1499, after defeating Rodrigo in the [[Sistine Chapel]], Ezio openned the [[Vatican Vault]] with the Apple and the Papal staff. He entered in communication with Minerva, who told him about the [[Great Catastrophe]] and warning his [[Desmond Miles|descendant]] about the incomming [[Second Disaster]]. Later, Cesare led an attack on Monteriggioni, taking the Apple, capturing [[Caterina Sforza]] and killing [[Mario Auditore]]. Ezio decided to install the new headquarters of the Assassins in Rome, recruiting the population to defeat Cesare plan. Ezio traveled through Italy to destroy [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s [[War Machine]]s to foil the military project of Cesare.<ref name="ACB"/> A team of Assassins led by [[Francesco Vecellio]] operated in Italy to support Cesare's enemies and attack the French troops of the Templar [[Charles de la Motte]].<ref name="Rome 3">''Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy'' – [[Rome: Chapter 3 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>


By 1503, due to the subsequent actions of the Assassins, coupled with Rodrigo's death at the hands of his son, the Templars' influence in Rome and Italy waned. The succeeding Popes, [[Pius III]] and [[Julius II]], did not favor Cesare, and the Templars' influence in Italy collapsed, while the Assassins maintained a strong presence in the country.<ref name="ACB"/>
By 1503, due to the subsequent actions of the Assassins, coupled with Rodrigo's death at the hands of his son, the Templars' influence in Rome and Italy waned. The succeeding Popes, [[Pius III]] and [[Julius II]], did not favor Cesare, and the Templars' influence in Italy collapsed, while the Assassins maintained a strong presence in the country.<ref name="ACB"/>
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By 1506, Ezio decided to hid the Apple of Eden in the [[Colosseum Vault]]. The [[Hermeticists]] led by [[Ercole Massimo]] tried to recover the artifact and also kidnapped Leonardo Da Vinci to find the Temple of Pythagoras. Ezio killed Ercole and with Leonardo discovered what was in the vault.<ref name="ACB"/>
By 1506, Ezio decided to hid the Apple of Eden in the [[Colosseum Vault]]. The [[Hermeticists]] led by [[Ercole Massimo]] tried to recover the artifact and also kidnapped Leonardo Da Vinci to find the Temple of Pythagoras. Ezio killed Ercole and with Leonardo discovered what was in the vault.<ref name="ACB"/>


In 1509, Louis XII of France invaded the Venetian Republic. The Venetian condottiero and Assassin [[Bartolomeo d'Alviano]] tried to defended the city of [[Agnadello]] during a [[Battle of Agnadello|a battle]] but was captured. Bartolomeo's cousin, [[Niccolò di Pitigliano]] stole the Shroud of Eden from the Assassins during the conflict.<ref name="Italian Wars 1" /> A year later, Francesco Vecellio mortally wounded Pitigliano and recovered the artifact for the Brotherhood.<ref name="Italian Wars 2">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 2 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>
In 1509, Louis XII of France invaded the Venetian Republic. The Venetian condottiero and Assassin [[Bartolomeo d'Alviano]] tried to defended the city of [[Agnadello]] during [[Battle of Agnadello|a battle]] but was captured. Bartolomeo's cousin, [[Niccolò di Pitigliano]] stole the Shroud of Eden from the Assassins during the conflict.<ref name="Italian Wars 1" /> A year later, Francesco Vecellio mortally wounded Pitigliano and recovered the artifact for the Brotherhood.<ref name="Italian Wars 2">''Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy'' – [[Italian Wars: Chapter 2 – Francesco Vecellio]]</ref>


In 1511, the city of Genoa was under the control of the French troops. The Genoese captain [[Andrea Doria]] led a revolt against the French, with the help of  a team of Ottoman Assassins. After this attempt failed, the Assassins escorted Doria out of the city.<ref name="ACRV"/>
In 1511, the city of Genoa was under the control of the French troops. The Genoese captain [[Andrea Doria]] led a revolt against the French, with the help of  a team of Ottoman Assassins. After this attempt failed, the Assassins escorted Doria out of the city.<ref name="ACRV"/>


In 1513, the Republic of Venice allied with the French against Milan. In 1515, Bartolomeo d'Alviano participated to the French victory in Marignano against the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] mercenaries.<ref name="AC2"/> The same, the Templars in Florence were in possession of a Apple of Eden. The Assassins [[Giovanni Borgia]] and [[Hiram Stoddard]] tried to recover the artifact but failed.<ref name="ACTitan">''[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)]]''</ref>
In 1513, the Republic of Venice allied with the French against Milan. In 1515, Bartolomeo d'Alviano participated to the French victory in Marignano against the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] mercenaries.<ref name="AC2"/> The same, the Templars in Florence were in possession of a Apple of Eden. The Assassins [[Giovanni Borgia]] and [[Hiram Stoddard]] tried to recover the artifact but failed.<ref name="ACTitan">''[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)|Assassin's Creed]]'' – {{Cite|29 June 2021. Issue(s) needed}}</ref>


In 1524, the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Assassins]] [[Zhu Jiuyuan]] and [[Shao Jun]] arrived in Venice to enter in contact with Ezio Auditore to help them in the reconstruction of their branch. They were tracked by agents of the [[Chinese Rite of the Templar Order]] and Zhu was killed. Shao arrived in Tuscany and with Ezio's help, killed the Templars who tracked her. Shao left Italy with a [[Precursor box]] gave by Ezio.<ref name="Embers">''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''</ref>
In 1524, the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Assassins]] [[Zhu Jiuyuan]] and [[Shao Jun]] arrived in Venice to enter in contact with Ezio Auditore to help them in the reconstruction of their branch. They were tracked by agents of the [[Chinese Rite of the Templar Order]] and Zhu was killed. Shao arrived in Tuscany and with Ezio's help, killed the Templars who tracked her. Shao left Italy with a [[Precursor box]] gave by Ezio.<ref name="Embers">''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''</ref>
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*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood of Venice]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood of Venice]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed Valhalla: Geirmund's Saga]]'' {{c|as "Langbarðaland"}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:10, 29 June 2021


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Italy (Latin and Italian: Italia) is a country located in southern Europe that shares borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia to the north.

History

Isu era

During the Isu Era, the First Civilization built at least three vaults in the area that would one day become the city of Rome. Certain of the Isu were later considered as gods by the Romans and ancient Greeks, with Jupiter, Minerva, and Juno comprising what would be remembered as the Capitoline Triad, a group of gods worshipped on the Capitoline Hill.[5]

Roman era

Between the 8th century BCE and the 7th century BCE, the Greeks founded many colonies in the South of Italy. The cities of Naples, Sybaris and Croton formed a part of the Magna Graecia.[8] During the 6th century BCE, the mathematician Pythagoras visited Italy and discovered one of the Isu vaults. His followers built a Temple on the site of the vault to hide it.[5]

According to legends, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BCE by Romulus after he killed his twin brother Remus. In 510 BCE, the monarchy of Rome fell and the Roman Republic was created. The Republic conquered all of Italy before turning its attention to other lands around the Mediterranean, including Hispanica, Cyrenaica, and Greece. [citation needed]

In 71 BCE, Spartacus amongst others, incited a slave uprising. By the rebellion's end, Spartacus and 6000 others were crucified to death as punishment.[1]

Circa 60 BCE, the Roman Republic became became an influencial power in Egypt and the Middle East with the military campaigns of the consul Pompey. Another consul, Gaius Julius Caesar, conquered Gaul in 52 BCE.[2]

In 49 BCE, war erupted between Pompey and Caesar and, after becoming dictator, Caesar tracked Pompey to Egypt. In 46 BCE, after triumphing from Pompey's and Ptolemy XIII's army, Caesar returned in Rome with Cleopatra VII, the pharaoh of Egypt, and their son Caesarion. In Egypt, Caesar became involved with the Order of the Ancients, a secret society which had controlled Egypt for over a millenia and would eventually find himself in control of the Order. In 44 BCE, following Caesar's assassination by Amunet of the Hidden Ones, control of the both the Order and the Republic passed to his adopted son Octavian.[2] With the Order's support, Octavian later founded the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, becoming its first emperor.[9]

The emperor Caligula, one of Augustus' successor, was manipulated by the Order of the Ancients. In 41 CE, the Hidden Ones Leonius with other members of his Brotherhood stabbed Caligula to death.[4]

Around 60 CE, Simon Peter–a disciple of the preacher Jesus of Nazareth–who wielded a Staff of Eden, arrived in Rome to spread the Christianity in Italy. In 67 CE, the emperor Nero ordered Peter's execution and the persecution of the Christians. The Staff of Eden was down among the leaders of the Christian community. During the 4th century, the Christianity became the official religion of the empire. [citation needed]

Middle Ages

In 476 CE, the Western Roman Empire collapsed. During the 5th century, the Ostrogoths, who had sacked Rome previously, controlled the city of Florence. During the 6th century, it fell under the control of the Lombards. Italy soon found itself divided into countless city-states. In late 7th Century, a Republic was formed in the city of Venice,[10] and in 751 CE, the bishop of Rome founded his own state, becoming the Pope and the spiritual leader of Catholic World. During the 11th century, the Normans invaded the south of Italy and founded the Kingdom of Naples.[11] During the 12th Century, Florence became a Republic. [citation needed]

During the times of the Crusades, Italian-states as Venice and Genoa had economical connection with Middle East, having Italian districts in the cities of Acre and Constantinople. In 1269, the explorers brothers Niccolò and Maffeo Polo returned in Venice from a long journey in Levant. During their travel, they met Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, the Mentor of the Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins, the medieval iteration of the Hidden Ones. He inducted them in the Brotherhood and entrusted to them his Codex.The Polos lost the book from the Mongols during their return. In Venice, the brothers founded a Assassins guild and Niccolò trained his son Marco to became an Assassin. Between 1271 and 1295, the three Polos traveled to Kublai Khan's court and recovered the Codex before returning in Venice.[12]

Later, Marco entered in contact with the Florentine writer Dante Alighieri, who was also an Assassin. One of Marco's sailor and his son Domenico also joined the Brotherhood. In 1321, Alighieri was assassinated by the Templar Order, the successor of the Order of the Ancients. The Italian Assassins decided to hide the Codex in Spain and sent Domenico with his wife and his son to accomplish the mission. Around 1324, the Templars killed Marco Polo and Domenico's father in Venice. Domenico returned in Italy after successfully dispatched the Codex pages but having lost his wife by the hands of pirates. With the fortune of Marco, Domenico built a new identity, posing as a Florentine noble from the House of Auditore. In 1327, he acquired a Villa in the city of Monteriggioni in Tuscany which became the headquarters of the Italian Assassins. Domenico also installed a crypt for his family under the city and locked the Armor of Altaïr in the Sanctuary. The Seals were hidden in six Assassin Tombs in Florence, Venice, San Gimignano and Forlì.[4] In 1356, Renato, Domenico's son, was in possession of a Shroud of Eden and hid it under the Villa.[13]

Renaissance

Italy served as the birthplace of the Renaissance, a cultural movement which soon spread throughout all of Europe, during the 15th century. Florence was one of the major cultural center of the Italian Renaissance. The Duomo of the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore of Filippo Brunelleschi became a manifest of the Renaissance and the artistic patronage of the House of Medici, the rulers of Florence, greatly impacted the cultural influence of the city around Italy.[14]

When Rodrigo Borgia became Grand Master of the Italian Templars by 1476, the Templars executed plans to take over the major city-states of northern Italy. They first organized the assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan. As the Assassin Giovanni Auditore da Firenze tried to stop their plans,[15] they executed him and two of his sons. Giovanni's last remaining son, Ezio, with the support of the Assassins, thwarted many Templar plots, including the Pazzi conspiracy against Lorenzo de' Medici in 1478 and the attempt to take control of the Venetian Republic during the 1480's. In 1492, the Templars nonetheless managed to seize control of Rome and the rest of the Papal States when Rodrigo Borgia was crowned Pope Alexander VI.[4]

In 1488, the Italian Templars delivered in Venice an Apple of Eden from East. This artifact was in possession of the Assassins for a short time before losing it during the Battle of Forlì. The monk Girolamo Savonarola recovered the artifact and after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492 and the invasion of Italy by the troops of the King Charles VIII of France in 1494, Savonarola took the power in Florence, installing a theocracy. As Rodrigo tried to recover the artifact, Florence and the Papacy entered in war. In 1498, the Assassins rose the population against Savonarola to reclaim the Apple. Savonarola was condemned to die at the stake, ending the Bonfire of the Vanities and annoncing the return of the republic in the city.[4]

In 1498, the King Louis XII of France allied with Alexander VI in his conquest of Naples. Rodrigo's son, Cesare Borgia, further conquered several other regions of Italy like Imola annd Romagna in his role as Captain General of the Papal Armies, expecting to unify Italy. In 1499, the Venetian Republic entered in war against the Ottoman Empire.[5]

In December 1499, after defeating Rodrigo in the Sistine Chapel, Ezio openned the Vatican Vault with the Apple and the Papal staff. He entered in communication with Minerva, who told him about the Great Catastrophe and warning his descendant about the incomming Second Disaster. Later, Cesare led an attack on Monteriggioni, taking the Apple, capturing Caterina Sforza and killing Mario Auditore. Ezio decided to install the new headquarters of the Assassins in Rome, recruiting the population to defeat Cesare plan. Ezio traveled through Italy to destroy Leonardo da Vinci's War Machines to foil the military project of Cesare.[5] A team of Assassins led by Francesco Vecellio operated in Italy to support Cesare's enemies and attack the French troops of the Templar Charles de la Motte.[16]

By 1503, due to the subsequent actions of the Assassins, coupled with Rodrigo's death at the hands of his son, the Templars' influence in Rome and Italy waned. The succeeding Popes, Pius III and Julius II, did not favor Cesare, and the Templars' influence in Italy collapsed, while the Assassins maintained a strong presence in the country.[5]

By 1506, Ezio decided to hid the Apple of Eden in the Colosseum Vault. The Hermeticists led by Ercole Massimo tried to recover the artifact and also kidnapped Leonardo Da Vinci to find the Temple of Pythagoras. Ezio killed Ercole and with Leonardo discovered what was in the vault.[5]

In 1509, Louis XII of France invaded the Venetian Republic. The Venetian condottiero and Assassin Bartolomeo d'Alviano tried to defended the city of Agnadello during a battle but was captured. Bartolomeo's cousin, Niccolò di Pitigliano stole the Shroud of Eden from the Assassins during the conflict.[6] A year later, Francesco Vecellio mortally wounded Pitigliano and recovered the artifact for the Brotherhood.[17]

In 1511, the city of Genoa was under the control of the French troops. The Genoese captain Andrea Doria led a revolt against the French, with the help of  a team of Ottoman Assassins. After this attempt failed, the Assassins escorted Doria out of the city.[12]

In 1513, the Republic of Venice allied with the French against Milan. In 1515, Bartolomeo d'Alviano participated to the French victory in Marignano against the Swiss mercenaries.[4] The same, the Templars in Florence were in possession of a Apple of Eden. The Assassins Giovanni Borgia and Hiram Stoddard tried to recover the artifact but failed.[18]

In 1524, the Chinese Assassins Zhu Jiuyuan and Shao Jun arrived in Venice to enter in contact with Ezio Auditore to help them in the reconstruction of their branch. They were tracked by agents of the Chinese Rite of the Templar Order and Zhu was killed. Shao arrived in Tuscany and with Ezio's help, killed the Templars who tracked her. Shao left Italy with a Precursor box gave by Ezio.[19]

In 1527, Rome was sacked by the Imperial troops. [citation needed] Around that time, Giovanni Borgia and his wife Maria Amiel entered in the Temple of Pythagoras and were in contact with Consus.[20]

In 1542, the pope Paul III established the Roman Inquisition in Italy, a system of tribunals for prosecuting anyone with alternate religious beliefs. Individuals as Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galilei were judged and condamned by the Inquisition.[21]

World War I

In the century after its unification occurred, Italy joined with the British Empire in First World War, supporting it against the German Empire. [citation needed]

World War II

During the inter-war period, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, joined forces with the Templar puppet and dictator of Germany, Adolf Hitler. Together with Japan, they formed the Axis powers and a Second World War started against the Allies, perpetrated by the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union, led by Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin, both three, sympathizers of the Templar Order. [citation needed]

Modern times

By the early 21st Century the Templars had returned to prominence in the country, thanks mainly to the establishment of an Abstergo Industries laboratory in Rome.[22] In 2012, a team of Assassins consisting of Desmond Miles, Lucy Stillman, Shaun Hastings, and Rebecca Crane traveled through the country in the weeks after Desmond escaped from the Roman facility.[4]

Appearances

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt – Crucifixion: "Spartacus"
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Assassin's Creed: Origins
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Holidays: Chapter 1 – Ghosts of Christmas Past
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Assassin's Creed II
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Italian Wars: Chapter 1 – Bartolomeo d'Alviano
  7. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Identity – Database: War of the League of Cambrai
  8. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Odyssey
  9. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Origins comic
  10. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Venezia
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Database: Napoli
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Assassin's Creed: Revelations
  13. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Italian Wars: Chapter 3 – Mario Auditore
  14. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Firenze
  15. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Lineage
  16. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Rome: Chapter 3 – Francesco Vecellio
  17. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Italian Wars: Chapter 2 – Francesco Vecellio
  18. ↑ Assassin's Creed – [citation needed]
  19. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Embers
  20. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Divine Science: Chapter 1 – Maria Amiel
  21. ↑ Assassin's Creed movie - Family Tree DNA
  22. ↑ Assassin's Creed

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