Mawei Station mutiny: Difference between revisions
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{{Era|Timeline}} | {{Era|Timeline}}{{WP-REAL|zh:馬嵬驛兵變}} | ||
{{WP-REAL|zh: | {{Imageneed|''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]''}} | ||
{{Event Infobox | {{Event Infobox | ||
|prev = [[ | |prev=[[Fall of Chang'an]] | ||
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|image = ACD - Mawei Station mutiny.jpg | |next= | ||
|timeframe = [[Tang dynasty]] | |image=ACD - Mawei Station mutiny.jpg | ||
|date = | |name=Mawei Station mutiny | ||
|place = [[Mawei Station]] | |timeframe=[[Tang dynasty]] | ||
| | |conflict= | ||
|key = | |date=15 July 756<ref name="Old Book of Tang">{{Cite web|url=https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=177900#p45|title=舊唐書: 卷九 本紀第九 玄宗下|transtitle=The Old Book of Tang: "Royal Annals 9: Xuanzong (Part II)". Scroll 6, Paragraph 44|archiveurl=|archivedate=|author={{Wiki|Liu Xu}}|date=945|publisher=''{{Wiki|Chinese Text Project}}''|accessdate=18 April 2023|language=Chinese}}</ref><ref name="Zizhi Tongjian">{{Cite web|url=https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=260925#p17|title=資治通鑑: 卷二百十八|transtitle=Zizhi Tongjian, Scroll 218|archiveurl=|archivedate=|author={{Wiki|Sima Guang}}|date=1084|publisher=''Chinese Text Project''|accessdate=18 April 2023|language=Chinese}}</ref><ref name="Sinica converter">{{Cite web|url=https://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/|title=兩千年中西曆轉換|transtitle=Two Thousand Years Chinese–Western Calendar Converter|archiveurl=|archivedate=|author=|date=|publisher=''Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures''|accessdate=18 April 2023|language=Chinese}}</ref> | ||
* | |place=[[Mawei Station]], [[Tang dynasty|Great Tang]] | ||
|outcome=*Death of Yang Guozhong | |||
*Golden Turtles was purged | |||
|participants = | |key=[[Assassins|Hidden Ones]] | ||
*[[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Brotherhood]] | |||
[[Order of the Ancients]] | |||
*[[Golden Turtles]] | |||
[[Tang dynasty]] | |||
*[[Army of Heavenly Warriors]] | |||
*[[Army of Dragon Warriors]] | |||
|participants=[[Order of the Ancients]] | |||
*[[Wei Fangjin]] | |||
*[[Wang Chengye]] | |||
*[[Yang Guozhong]] | |||
[[Assassins|Hidden Ones]] | |||
*[[Li E]] | |||
*[[Chen Xuanli]] | *[[Chen Xuanli]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The ''' | The '''Mawei Station mutiny''' (馬嵬驛兵變) was the extermination of the [[Golden Turtles]] by the [[Assassins|Hidden Ones]] and aggrieved [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] [[soldier]]s on 15 July 756<ref name="Old Book of Tang"/><ref name="Zizhi Tongjian"/><ref name="Sinica converter"/> at [[Mawei Station]], a {{Wiki|Stage station|staging post}} north of the imperial capital of [[Chang'an]].<ref name="Dynasty 37">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Hidden Ones (Part 5)]]</ref> | ||
== | ==Prelude== | ||
It was the height of the [[An Lushan Rebellion|An–Shi Rebellion]], an uprising by the ''[[jiedushi]]'' [[An Lushan]] against the Tang dynasty, and [[Li Longji|Emperor Xuanzong of Tang]] was in the midst of fleeing Chang'an in advance of its [[Fall of Chang'an|fall]] to the self-proclaimed Emperor Hongwu of [[Yan]]. With an entourage which included Crown Prince [[Li Heng]], his favourite [[concubine]] [[Yang Yuhuan|Yang Guifei]], the prime minister Yang Guozhong, and others of the most important individuals at court, the Emperor hoped to escape to the southwest prefecture of [[Shu]] where he would reestablish his government.<ref name="Dynasty 37">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Hidden Ones (Part 5)]]</ref> | |||
==Mutiny== | |||
By this stage in the war, although the existence of the Golden Turtles was not universally known, Yang Guozhong's machinations had become widely reviled. Surviving soldiers from the [[Defence of Tong Pass]] despised him for wrongly executing their commanders [[Gao Xianzhi]] and [[Feng Changqing]] for treason<ref name="Dynasty 29">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Last Stand of Justice (Part 5)]]</ref><ref name="Dynasty 30">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Last Stand of Justice (Part 6)]]</ref> and then subsequently forcing their replacement [[Geshu Han]] into a suicidal attack against Yan forces, thereby resulting in the collapse of the strategic gateway to the nation's capital.<ref name="Dynasty Special 4">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Last Stand of Justice (Special)]]</ref> In the northeastern front, the Golden Turtles also sabotaged efforts by loyalists based in [[Changshan|Changshan Commandery]] to link up with the defenders at Tong Pass and flank An Lushan's army from behind.<ref name="Dynasty 26">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Last Stand of Justice (Part 1)]]</ref><ref name="Dynasty 27">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Last Stand of Justice (Part 2)]]</ref> News of the [[Battle of Changshan|Fall of Changshan]] and the capture and execution of its leaders, [[Yan Gaoqing]] and [[Yan Jiming]], incited the vengeance of surviving family and friends of the Yan family. They regrouped in [[Pingyuan|Pingyuan Commandery]] to unite their forces with the local governor, Gaoqing's brother [[Yan Zhenqing]], before sending a squad of nine [[Assassins]] to Chang'an for the eradication of the Golden Turtles.<ref name="Dynasty 35">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Hidden Ones (Part 3)]]</ref> | |||
After | The squad was led by the [[Assassins|Hidden One]] [[Li E]] and consisted of Jiming's widow [[He Hong'er]], Jiming's elderly caretaker [[Chen Wu]], and Changshan soldiers [[Qian]], [[Jia Shen]], [[Feng Qian]], [[Zhai Wande]], [[Li Qimo]], and [[Cui Anshi]].<ref name="Dynasty 35"/> After arriving in Chang'an, they successfully sneaked into the Emperor's military escort that was protecting him and his family along his escape.<ref name="Dynasty 36">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[The Hidden Ones (Part 4)]]</ref> Separately, Geshu Han's surviving troops also merged with the imperial guard. The stage was now ripe for an uprising against Yang Guozhong's administration.<ref name="Dynasty 37"/> | ||
On the day that the group rested at Mawei Station, the Golden Turtles held a secret meeting in a bamboo forest clearing just outside its premises. There, they deliberated how to assuage the frustration of the Emperor and the demoralized troops, concluding that they should use the crown prince as a scapegoat. In the middle of their discussion, the Assassins launched their surprise assault, opening with a [[arrow storm|hail of arrows and crossbow bolts]] that instantly killed the high-ranking seating Golden Turtles, among them [[Wei Fangjin]]; Guozhong's sons [[Yang Xuan]] and [[Yang Xi]]; Yang Guifei's sisters the [[Lady of Han]], the [[Lady of Qin]], and the [[Lady of Guo]]; and the Lady of Guo's son [[Pei Hui]]. Li E himself initially missed Yang Guozhong with his flung [[spear]], [[Jing Ke (spear)|Jing Ke]]. Interception by [[Feathered Forest]] Great General [[Wang Chengye]] gave Guozhong a window of escape but only for a moment. Chengye was swiftly slain by Li E and the remaining Golden Turtle guards were also felled.<ref name="Dynasty 37"/> | |||
As Guozhong fled on [[horse]]back in a panic on the way back to Mawei Station, the Tang soldiers he passed by ignored his pleas for help. When it dawned on them that he was the target of assassination, rather than protecting him, they seized upon the moment to vent their long-awaited desire for justice. The Assassins watched from afar as Tang troops surrounded Guozhong from every direction and struck him off his horse before closing in on him to butcher him with their [[sword]]s. The only surviving Golden Turtle was [[Gao Lishi]], who had skipped out on the meeting for reasons unknown to Guozhong. Yang Guifei was strangled to death while praying at a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple situated on site.<ref name="Dynasty 37"/> | |||
==Behind the scenes== | |||
The Mawei Station mutiny serves as the climax for the manhua ''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'', but the dating of the event in the story is contradictory. [[The Hidden Ones (Part 5)|Chapter 37]] opens with the date "Month 6, {{Wiki|Sexagenary cycle|Bingchen}} (Day 14)", but by the end of the chapter with the mutiny still ongoing, the [[Japan]]ese poet [[Abe no Nakamaro]] [[Abe no Nakamaro's letters to Li Bai|writes]] that it is "Month 6, Day 18". Compounding this issue is that the day of Bingchen (丙辰) appears to be a scribal error originating in the ''{{Wiki|Old Book of Tang}}'' (945),<ref name="Old Book of Tang"/> which can be deduced because it does not align with its own chronology. This error was subsequently corrected in the ''{{Wiki|Zizhi Tongjian}}'' (1084) as Bingshen (丙申),<ref name="Zizhi Tongjian"/> which converts to 15 July 756 in the {{Wiki|Gregorian calendar}} and Month 6, Day 15, Tianbao Year 15 of the {{Wiki|Chinese calendar}}.<ref name="Sinica converter"/> The [[The Hidden Ones (Part 4)|preceding chapter]] correctly gives the date of Emperor Xuanzong's departure from Chang'an the day before as "Month 6, Yiwei" per both ''The Old Book of Tang'' and ''Zizhi Tongjian'',<ref name="Old Book of Tang"/><ref name="Zizhi Tongjian"/> and this date corresponds to 14 July 756.<ref name="Sinica converter"/> | |||
==Gallery== | |||
<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180"> | |||
ACD - Mawei Station massacre.png|Yang Guozhong flees the arrow storm killing the Golden Turtles | |||
ACD - Mawei Station assassins.png|Li E and the Assassins descending from the bamboo stalks | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Appearances== | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' {{1st}} | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Daughter of No One]]'' {{Imo}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
{{ACD}} | |||
{{Timeline}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 15:36, 14 May 2026
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The Mawei Station mutiny (馬嵬驛兵變) was the extermination of the Golden Turtles by the Hidden Ones and aggrieved Tang soldiers on 15 July 756[1][2][3] at Mawei Station, a staging post north of the imperial capital of Chang'an.[4]
Prelude[edit | edit source]
It was the height of the An–Shi Rebellion, an uprising by the jiedushi An Lushan against the Tang dynasty, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was in the midst of fleeing Chang'an in advance of its fall to the self-proclaimed Emperor Hongwu of Yan. With an entourage which included Crown Prince Li Heng, his favourite concubine Yang Guifei, the prime minister Yang Guozhong, and others of the most important individuals at court, the Emperor hoped to escape to the southwest prefecture of Shu where he would reestablish his government.[4]
Mutiny[edit | edit source]
By this stage in the war, although the existence of the Golden Turtles was not universally known, Yang Guozhong's machinations had become widely reviled. Surviving soldiers from the Defence of Tong Pass despised him for wrongly executing their commanders Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing for treason[5][6] and then subsequently forcing their replacement Geshu Han into a suicidal attack against Yan forces, thereby resulting in the collapse of the strategic gateway to the nation's capital.[7] In the northeastern front, the Golden Turtles also sabotaged efforts by loyalists based in Changshan Commandery to link up with the defenders at Tong Pass and flank An Lushan's army from behind.[8][9] News of the Fall of Changshan and the capture and execution of its leaders, Yan Gaoqing and Yan Jiming, incited the vengeance of surviving family and friends of the Yan family. They regrouped in Pingyuan Commandery to unite their forces with the local governor, Gaoqing's brother Yan Zhenqing, before sending a squad of nine Assassins to Chang'an for the eradication of the Golden Turtles.[10]
The squad was led by the Hidden One Li E and consisted of Jiming's widow He Hong'er, Jiming's elderly caretaker Chen Wu, and Changshan soldiers Qian, Jia Shen, Feng Qian, Zhai Wande, Li Qimo, and Cui Anshi.[10] After arriving in Chang'an, they successfully sneaked into the Emperor's military escort that was protecting him and his family along his escape.[11] Separately, Geshu Han's surviving troops also merged with the imperial guard. The stage was now ripe for an uprising against Yang Guozhong's administration.[4]
On the day that the group rested at Mawei Station, the Golden Turtles held a secret meeting in a bamboo forest clearing just outside its premises. There, they deliberated how to assuage the frustration of the Emperor and the demoralized troops, concluding that they should use the crown prince as a scapegoat. In the middle of their discussion, the Assassins launched their surprise assault, opening with a hail of arrows and crossbow bolts that instantly killed the high-ranking seating Golden Turtles, among them Wei Fangjin; Guozhong's sons Yang Xuan and Yang Xi; Yang Guifei's sisters the Lady of Han, the Lady of Qin, and the Lady of Guo; and the Lady of Guo's son Pei Hui. Li E himself initially missed Yang Guozhong with his flung spear, Jing Ke. Interception by Feathered Forest Great General Wang Chengye gave Guozhong a window of escape but only for a moment. Chengye was swiftly slain by Li E and the remaining Golden Turtle guards were also felled.[4]
As Guozhong fled on horseback in a panic on the way back to Mawei Station, the Tang soldiers he passed by ignored his pleas for help. When it dawned on them that he was the target of assassination, rather than protecting him, they seized upon the moment to vent their long-awaited desire for justice. The Assassins watched from afar as Tang troops surrounded Guozhong from every direction and struck him off his horse before closing in on him to butcher him with their swords. The only surviving Golden Turtle was Gao Lishi, who had skipped out on the meeting for reasons unknown to Guozhong. Yang Guifei was strangled to death while praying at a Buddhist temple situated on site.[4]
Behind the scenes[edit | edit source]
The Mawei Station mutiny serves as the climax for the manhua Assassin's Creed: Dynasty, but the dating of the event in the story is contradictory. Chapter 37 opens with the date "Month 6, Bingchen (Day 14)", but by the end of the chapter with the mutiny still ongoing, the Japanese poet Abe no Nakamaro writes that it is "Month 6, Day 18". Compounding this issue is that the day of Bingchen (丙辰) appears to be a scribal error originating in the Old Book of Tang (945),[1] which can be deduced because it does not align with its own chronology. This error was subsequently corrected in the Zizhi Tongjian (1084) as Bingshen (丙申),[2] which converts to 15 July 756 in the Gregorian calendar and Month 6, Day 15, Tianbao Year 15 of the Chinese calendar.[3] The preceding chapter correctly gives the date of Emperor Xuanzong's departure from Chang'an the day before as "Month 6, Yiwei" per both The Old Book of Tang and Zizhi Tongjian,[1][2] and this date corresponds to 14 July 756.[3]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
-
Yang Guozhong flees the arrow storm killing the Golden Turtles -
Li E and the Assassins descending from the bamboo stalks
Appearances[edit | edit source]
- Assassin's Creed: Dynasty (first appearance)
- Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Daughter of No One (indirect mention only)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Liu Xu (945). 舊唐書: 卷九 本紀第九 玄宗下 [The Old Book of Tang: "Royal Annals 9: Xuanzong (Part II)". Scroll 6, Paragraph 44] (in Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved on 18 April 2023.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sima Guang (1084). 資治通鑑: 卷二百十八 [Zizhi Tongjian, Scroll 218] (in Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved on 18 April 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 兩千年中西曆轉換 [Two Thousand Years Chinese–Western Calendar Converter] (in Chinese). Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures. Retrieved on 18 April 2023.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Hidden Ones (Part 5)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Last Stand of Justice (Part 5)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Last Stand of Justice (Part 6)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Last Stand of Justice (Special)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Last Stand of Justice (Part 1)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Last Stand of Justice (Part 2)
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Hidden Ones (Part 3)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Hidden Ones (Part 4)
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