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|prev=[[Battle of the Hydaspes]]
The '''Alexandrine Civil War '''was a battle for power and the Egyptian throne between, [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] and [[Ptolemy XIII]].
|conc =[[Caesar's civil war]]<br>[[Siege of Alexandria]]<br>[[Battle of the Nile]]
|next=[[Assassination of Julius Caesar]]
|name=
|image=Siege of Alexandria.png
|begin=49 BCE
|end=47 BCE
|place=[[Ptolemaic Kingdom]]
|result=
*[[Cleopatra]] and [[Rome|Roman]] victory
*Cleopatra becomes sole [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]]
|battles=
*[[Siege of Alexandria]]
*[[Battle of the Nile]]
|side1=Cleopatra's forces<br>[[Gaius Julius Caesar]]'s army<br>[[Medjay]]
|side2=[[Ptolemaic army|Ptolemaic forces]]<br>[[Order of the Ancients]]
|commanders1=
*[[Cleopatra]]
*[[Julius Caesar]]
*[[Bayek]]
|commanders2=
*[[Ptolemy XIII]]†
*[[Achillas]]
*[[Ganymedes]]
|commanders3=
|commanders4=
}}
The '''Alexandrine war''' was a dynastic conflict fought between [[Cleopatra]] and her brother and co-ruler [[Ptolemy XIII]] for the [[Egypt]]ian throne.


Ptolemy XIII and [[Pothinus]] managed to force Cleopatra to flee to [[Syria]], but she soon organized her own army and a civil war began in Egypt.  
==History==
In 49 BCE, the [[Order of the Ancients]] manipulated Ptolemy XIII to exile his sister Cleopatra from Egypt, desiring to seize power for themselves.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed Origins: Official Game Guide]]''</ref> Cleopatra, with the help with her follower [[Apollodorus]], was able to escape [[Alexandria]] through the canals, preventing her capture.<ref name="ACO">''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]''</ref>


At this point, defeated Roman general [[Pompey the Great]] came to Egypt seeking refuge from his pursuing rival [[Julius Caesar]]. Initially, Ptolemy XIII pretended to have accepted his request, but on September 29, 48 BC, he had the general murdered in hopes of winning favor with Caesar when the victorious general arrived. When Caesar arrived he was presented with the head of his deceased rival and former ally, but reportedly, instead of being pleased, Caesar reacted with disgust and ordered that Pompey's body be located and given a proper Roman funeral. Cleopatra VII proved more successful in winning Caesar's favor and became his lover. Caesar arranged the execution of Pothinus and the official return to the throne of Cleopatra VII, though she had never officially abdicated her marriage to Ptolemy XIII.
The following year, Cleopatra began working with her followers to regain enough power and challenge her brother for the throne. With aid from her agent [[Amunet|Aya]], and her husband, the [[Medjay]] [[Bayek]] of [[Siwa]], they were able to eliminate members from the Order of the Ancients one by one to diminish their influence in the country.<ref name="ACO" /> Cleopatra was also able to secure an alliance with the [[Roman Republic]] general [[Pompey]], who fled from Rome during the [[Caesar's civil war|Roman civil war]].<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Origins'' – [[Pompeius Magnus]]</ref>


Still determined to depose Cleopatra VII, Ptolemy XIII allied himself with Arsinoe IV. Jointly, they organized the factions of the army loyal to them against those loyal to Cleopatra VII and the relatively small part of his army that had accompanied Caesar to Egypt. The battle between the warring factions occurred in mid-December 48 BC [[Siege of Alexandria|inside Alexandria itself]], which suffered serious damage as a result.
Still determined to depose Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIII allied himself with Cleopatra's sister, [[Arsinoë IV of Egypt|Arsinoë IV]].<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]'' – [[Tours: The Siege of Alexandria]]: "Achillas & Ganymedes"</ref> Jointly, they organized the factions of the army loyal to them against those loyal to Cleopatra VII and the relatively small part of his army that had accompanied Caesar to Egypt. The battle between the warring factions occurred in mid-December 47 BCE [[Siege of Alexandria|inside]] Alexandria itself, which caused serious damage as a result.{{Cite}}


Upon the arrival of Roman reinforcements, the [[Battle of the Nile]] ensued and resulted in a victory for Caesar and Cleopatra, forcing Ptolemy XIII to flee the city. Ptolemy XIII reportedly drowned on January 13, 47 BC while attempting to cross the Nile. Whether he was attempting to flee or was seeking negotiations remains uncertain from sources of the time. Cleopatra VII remained the unchallenged ruler of Egypt, although she named their younger brother Ptolemy XIV of Egypt her new co-ruler.
In the [[Battle of the Nile]], Cleopatra and Caesar won a decisive battle against Ptolemy's army, resulting in the deaths of Ptolemy himself and Pothinus. Cleopatra was thus declared the sole and unchallenged ruler of Egypt.<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Origins'' – [[The Battle of the Nile]]</ref>
[[Category:Wars]]
 
==Appearances==
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]'' {{1st}}
*''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' {{Mdat}}
*''[[Echoes of History]]'' {{Mo}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Timeline}}
[[Category:Civil wars]]

Latest revision as of 09:44, 26 September 2025

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The Alexandrine war was a dynastic conflict fought between Cleopatra and her brother and co-ruler Ptolemy XIII for the Egyptian throne.

History[edit | edit source]

In 49 BCE, the Order of the Ancients manipulated Ptolemy XIII to exile his sister Cleopatra from Egypt, desiring to seize power for themselves.[1] Cleopatra, with the help with her follower Apollodorus, was able to escape Alexandria through the canals, preventing her capture.[2]

The following year, Cleopatra began working with her followers to regain enough power and challenge her brother for the throne. With aid from her agent Aya, and her husband, the Medjay Bayek of Siwa, they were able to eliminate members from the Order of the Ancients one by one to diminish their influence in the country.[2] Cleopatra was also able to secure an alliance with the Roman Republic general Pompey, who fled from Rome during the Roman civil war.[3]

Still determined to depose Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIII allied himself with Cleopatra's sister, Arsinoë IV.[4] Jointly, they organized the factions of the army loyal to them against those loyal to Cleopatra VII and the relatively small part of his army that had accompanied Caesar to Egypt. The battle between the warring factions occurred in mid-December 47 BCE inside Alexandria itself, which caused serious damage as a result. [citation needed]

In the Battle of the Nile, Cleopatra and Caesar won a decisive battle against Ptolemy's army, resulting in the deaths of Ptolemy himself and Pothinus. Cleopatra was thus declared the sole and unchallenged ruler of Egypt.[5]

Appearances[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Assassin's Creed Origins: Official Game Guide
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Assassin's Creed: Origins
  3. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Origins – Pompeius Magnus
  4. ↑ Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt – Tours: The Siege of Alexandria: "Achillas & Ganymedes"
  5. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Origins – The Battle of the Nile

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