Siege of Jerusalem (1099): Difference between revisions
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{{Era|Timeline}} | {{Era|Timeline}}{{WP-REAL}} | ||
{{WP-REAL | |||
{{Battle Infobox | {{Battle Infobox | ||
|name=Siege of Jerusalem | |prev = [[Battle of Fýrisvellir]] | ||
|image=ACFilm - Siege of Jeusalem (1099).jpg | |conc = | ||
|conflict=[[First Crusade]] | |next = [[Siege of Masyaf]] | ||
|date=7 June – 15 July 1099 | |name = Siege of Jerusalem | ||
|place=[[Jerusalem]] | |image = ACFilm - Siege of Jeusalem (1099).jpg | ||
|result=Decisive Crusader victory | |conflict = [[First Crusade]] | ||
|date = 7 June – 15 July 1099 | |||
|place = [[Jerusalem]] | |||
|result = Decisive Crusader victory | |||
*Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders | *Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders | ||
*Kingdom of Jerusalem is formed | *[[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] is formed | ||
|side1=[[Crusaders]] | |side1 = [[Crusaders]] | ||
|side2= | |side2 = [[Fatimid Caliphate]]<br> | ||
|commanders1={{Wiki|Godfrey of Bouillon}}<br> | |commanders1 = {{Wiki|Godfrey of Bouillon}}<br>{{Wiki|Raymond IV of Toulouse}}<br>{{Wiki|Robert II of Normandy}}<br>{{Wiki|Robert II of Flanders}}<br>{{Wiki|Eustace III of Boulogne}}<br>{{Wiki|Tancred of Hauteville}}<br>{{Wiki|Gaston IV of Béarn}}<br>{{Wiki|Guglielmo Embriaco}} | ||
{{Wiki|Raymond IV of Toulouse}}<br> | |commanders2 = {{Wiki|Iftikhar ad-Dawla}} | ||
{{Wiki|Robert II of Normandy}}<br> | |forces1 =1,200-1,300 knights<br>11,000-12,000 infantry | ||
{{Wiki|Robert II of Flanders}}<br> | |forces2 = Sizeable garrison<br>400 elite cavalrymen | ||
{{Wiki|Eustace III of Boulogne}}<br> | |casual1 = 3,000-4,000 | ||
{{Wiki|Tancred of Hauteville}}<br> | |casual2 = Unknown, garrison killed and 3,000+ inhabitants massacred | ||
{{Wiki|Gaston IV of Béarn}}<br> | |||
{{Wiki|Guglielmo Embriaco}} | |||
|commanders2={{Wiki|Iftikhar ad-Dawla}} | |||
|forces1=1,200-1,300 knights<br> | |||
11,000-12,000 infantry | |||
|forces2=Sizeable garrison<br> | |||
400 elite cavalrymen | |||
|casual1=3,000-4,000 | |||
|casual2=Unknown, garrison killed and | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Siege of Jerusalem''' (7 June – 15 July 1099) was the climatic battle of the [[First Crusade]] resulting in the [[Crusaders]] taking the city of [[Jerusalem]] and founding the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. | The '''Siege of Jerusalem''' (7 June – 15 July 1099) was the climatic battle of the [[First Crusade]] resulting in the [[Crusaders]] taking the city of [[Jerusalem]] and founding the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. | ||
== | ==Background== | ||
The | By the 1070s, most of what was considered the Near East at the time, had been conquered by the {{Wiki|Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks}}, becoming a new influence of the region. Ruling over a vast population of different ethnicities and religious denominations. 20 years later, the [[First Crusade]] was underway as Crusaders set out from Western Christendom to reclaim the Holy Land as early as 1096. They became a major presence in Northern Syria by 1097 onward and conquered [[Antioch]]. The Crusaders then took power in {{Wiki|Edessa}} before moving to take Jerusalem.<ref name="AvT Ep5">''[[Echoes of History]] – Assassins vs Templars'' – Episode 5: The Assassins & The Crusaders</ref> The city of Jerusalem itself had been occupied by the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Faṭimids]] of Egypt since August 1098.<ref name="ACI">''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Initiates#Timeline|Timeline]]: 1099 – "Siege of Jerusalem"</ref> | ||
== | ==Siege== | ||
On the morning of 7 June 1099, the Christian Army of Crusaders who had been camped outside Jerusalem prepared for the siege. {{Wiki|Godfrey of Bouillon|Godefroy de Bouillon}} and {{Wiki|Raymond IV of Toulouse|Raymond de Toulouse}} led the final assaults and were successful as the city fell relatively quickly. Upon entering the city, the Crusaders brutally massacred the [[Islam|Muslim]] and [[Judaism|Jewish]] occupants in the city,<ref name="ACI"/> overrunning and captured it.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | |||
By 2016, the [[Templars|Templar]] [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] and [[Abstergo Industries]] CEO [[Alan Rikkin]] had | ==Aftermath== | ||
The Crusaders' conquering of Edessa, Antioch, and Jerusalem, laid the foundations of what became the Crusader States in the Near East.<ref name="AvT Ep5"/> They founded the Kingdom of Jerusalem and crowned Godfrey de Bouillon the first king.<ref>{{WP|Kingdom of Jerusalem}}</ref> | |||
The Crusader's influence was continually resisted by the Seljuks who felt threatened by the Crusaders control of the regions. The Crusaders won many following battles against the Seljuks, which further resulted in a growing instability of Seljuk power and authority. Common folk felt torn between two evils and whom to support, with some groups rebelling against the Seljuks while others joined them. The Assassins themselves were persecuted by the Seljuks, and in 1105 the newly appointed Sultan, {{Wiki|Muhammad I Tapar}} declared the Assassins the Seljuk's main enemy and not the Crusaders.<ref name="AvT Ep5"/> | |||
==Influence== | |||
The events of the siege inspired French artist {{Wiki|Émile Signol}} to paint an oil on canvas recreation of the last day of the siege in 1847.<ref>{{WP|Émile Signol}}</ref> | |||
By 2016, the [[Templars|Templar]] [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] and [[Abstergo Industries]] CEO [[Alan Rikkin]] had Signol's painting hung in his office.<ref>[[Assassin's Creed (film)|''Assassin's Creed'' (film)]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Into the Animus]]''</ref> | |||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
*[[Assassin's Creed (film)|''Assassin's Creed'' film]] {{ | *''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' {{1stm}} | ||
*[[Assassin's Creed (film)|''Assassin's Creed'' (film)]] {{Io|painting}} | |||
*''[[Echoes of History]]'' {{Mo}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Timeline}} | |||
[[Category:Timeline]] | |||
[[Category:Battles]] | [[Category:Battles]] | ||
[[Category:Battles of the Crusades]] | |||
[[Category:Jerusalem]] | [[Category:Jerusalem]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:24, 21 April 2025
The Siege of Jerusalem (7 June – 15 July 1099) was the climatic battle of the First Crusade resulting in the Crusaders taking the city of Jerusalem and founding the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Background[edit | edit source]
By the 1070s, most of what was considered the Near East at the time, had been conquered by the Seljuk Turks, becoming a new influence of the region. Ruling over a vast population of different ethnicities and religious denominations. 20 years later, the First Crusade was underway as Crusaders set out from Western Christendom to reclaim the Holy Land as early as 1096. They became a major presence in Northern Syria by 1097 onward and conquered Antioch. The Crusaders then took power in Edessa before moving to take Jerusalem.[1] The city of Jerusalem itself had been occupied by the Faṭimids of Egypt since August 1098.[2]
Siege[edit | edit source]
On the morning of 7 June 1099, the Christian Army of Crusaders who had been camped outside Jerusalem prepared for the siege. Godefroy de Bouillon and Raymond de Toulouse led the final assaults and were successful as the city fell relatively quickly. Upon entering the city, the Crusaders brutally massacred the Muslim and Jewish occupants in the city,[2] overrunning and captured it.[3]
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
The Crusaders' conquering of Edessa, Antioch, and Jerusalem, laid the foundations of what became the Crusader States in the Near East.[1] They founded the Kingdom of Jerusalem and crowned Godfrey de Bouillon the first king.[4]
The Crusader's influence was continually resisted by the Seljuks who felt threatened by the Crusaders control of the regions. The Crusaders won many following battles against the Seljuks, which further resulted in a growing instability of Seljuk power and authority. Common folk felt torn between two evils and whom to support, with some groups rebelling against the Seljuks while others joined them. The Assassins themselves were persecuted by the Seljuks, and in 1105 the newly appointed Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar declared the Assassins the Seljuk's main enemy and not the Crusaders.[1]
Influence[edit | edit source]
The events of the siege inspired French artist Émile Signol to paint an oil on canvas recreation of the last day of the siege in 1847.[5]
By 2016, the Templar Grand Master and Abstergo Industries CEO Alan Rikkin had Signol's painting hung in his office.[6][7]
Appearances[edit | edit source]
- Assassin's Creed: Initiates (first mentioned)
- Assassin's Creed (film) (painting only)
- Echoes of History (mentioned only)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Echoes of History – Assassins vs Templars – Episode 5: The Assassins & The Crusaders
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Assassin's Creed: Initiates – Timeline: 1099 – "Siege of Jerusalem"
- ↑ Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia
- ↑
Kingdom of Jerusalem on Wikipedia
- ↑ Émile Signol on Wikipedia
- ↑ Assassin's Creed (film)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Into the Animus