Fatimid Caliphate
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The Fatimid Caliphate was the second caliphate, an Islamic state regarded as succeeding the prophet Muhammad.[1] It was established in 909 CE after a mass proliferation of doctrine espoused by the Isma'ilis, a subsect of Shia Islam.[2] Despite the Fatimid dynasty's claims to power, they faced heavy opposition from the nearby Umayyads and growing Abbasids.[3]
In August 1098, the Fatimids began their occupation of Jerusalem and would remain as their rulers until the Crusaders' siege the following year. When the Christian army broke through their defenses, they promptly began their massacres of Muslim and Jewish populations, which marked the end of the First Crusade.[4][5]
The caliphate collapsed in the late 12th century with the rise of the Sunni ruler Nur al-Din, who commanded his general Shirkuh to enter Egypt and reinstall the deposed Governor of Qus Shawar to his position as vizier. In 1169, after Shirkuh beat back another Crusader incursion, he had Shawar murdered with Caliph al-Adid's approval then appointed himself as vizier. However, with his sudden death two months later, the position fell to his nephew Saladin, who was staunchly pro-Sunni. In September 1171, he deposed al-Adid and founded the Ayyubid dynasty.[1]
Appearances[edit | edit source]
- Assassin's Creed: Initiates (first mentioned)
- Echoes of History (mentioned only)
- Assassin's Creed: Mirage (mentioned in Database entry only)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1
Fatimid Caliphate on Wikipedia
- ↑ Echoes of History – Assassins vs Templars – Episode 2: Rise of the Assassins
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Database: The Abbasids ... and their Rivals
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Initiates – Timeline: 1099 – "Siege of Jerusalem"
- ↑ Echoes of History – Assassins vs Templars – Episode 1: The Crusades