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The '''English Civil War''' was a series of conflicts fought between supporters of the [[England|English]] [[Monarchy]], personified by [[Charles I of England]] and his son, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], and the English Parliament, principally led by [[Oliver Cromwell]], who disputed the absolute authority of the Monarchy over the country, and by extension, Parliament itself.
The '''English Civil War''' was a series of conflicts fought between supporters of the [[England|English]] [[monarchy]], personified by Kings [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and his son [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], and the [[Palace of Westminster|English Parliament]] principally led by [[Oliver Cromwell]], who disputed the absolute authority of the monarchy over the country, and by extension, Parliament itself.


==History==
==History==
During the English Civil War, [[London]] was the place of political turmoil between the King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and the Parliament.<ref name="Horse Guards">''[[Assassin's Creed: Syndicate]]'' – [[Database: Horse Guards]]</ref>
During the English Civil War, [[London]] was the place of political turmoil between the King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and the Parliament;<ref name="Horse Guards">''[[Assassin's Creed: Syndicate]]'' – [[Database: Horse Guards]]</ref> this instability would ripple out to the [[British Empire|empire]]'s [[United States|colonies]], as the eventual constant changing of governments impacted immigration rates to the [[Americas]], though the self-governing [[Puritans]] in [[Massachusetts]] were largely unaffected by this.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed (Titan Comics)|Assassin's Creed]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed 3 (issue)|Issue #3]]</ref>


In 1643, parliamentarian [[Edmund Waller]] plotted to return King Charles to London, an act of betrayal to the Long Parliament. Waller's Plot was discovered by Long Parliament leader [[John Pym]] during a sermon at [[St Margaret's, Westminster|St. Margaret's church]]. Pym immediately ordered the arrest of Waller and his co-conspirators from the [[church]], and Waller was ultimately banished for his crimes.<ref name="St. Margaret's">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: St. Margaret's, Westminster]]</ref>
In 1643, parliamentarian [[Edmund Waller]] plotted to return King Charles to London, an act of betrayal to the {{Wiki|Long Parliament}}. The Long Parliament's leader [[John Pym]] discovered Waller's plot during a sermon at [[St Margaret's, Westminster|St. Margaret's church]]. Pym immediately ordered the arrest of Waller and his co-conspirators from the [[church]], and Waller was ultimately banished for his crimes.<ref name="St. Margaret's">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: St. Margaret's, Westminster]]</ref>


The Archbishop of Canterbury was stripped of his possessions by the Parliament. The [[Lambeth Palace]] was damaged<ref name="Lambeth Palace">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: Lambeth Palace]]</ref> and the horseferry became an important crossing for Parliament to control to keep supporters of the king out of [[Westminster]].<ref name="Lambeth Bridge">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: Lambeth Bridge]]</ref>
The Archbishop of Canterbury {{Wiki|William Laud}} was stripped of his possessions by the Parliament. The [[Lambeth Palace]] was damaged<ref name="Lambeth Palace">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: Lambeth Palace]]</ref> and the horseferry became an important crossing for Parliament to control to keep supporters of the king out of [[Westminster]].<ref name="Lambeth Bridge">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: Lambeth Bridge]]</ref> In 1648, Charles was tried for treason at Westminster Palace.<ref name="Parliament">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: Houses of Parliament]]</ref> Charles made his final procession from [[St James' Park|St. James Park]] to Whitehall Palace, where he was {{Wiki|Execution of Charles I|executed}}<ref name="St. James">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: St. James's Park]]</ref> by [[Richard Brandon]].<ref name="St. Mary">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: St. Mary Matfelon]]</ref>


In 1648, Charles was tried for treason at Westminster Palace.<ref name="Parliament">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: Houses of Parliament]]</ref> Charles made his final procession from [[St James' Park|St. James Park]] to Whitehall Palace, where he was {{Wiki|Execution of Charles I|executed}}<ref name="St. James">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: St. James's Park]]</ref> by [[Richard Brandon]].<ref name="St. Mary">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' – [[Database: St. Mary Matfelon]]</ref>
After two periods of conflict (1642–1646, 1648–1649), Charles I was executed in 1649, and England became a republican Commonwealth ruled by Cromwell. The King's son, Charles II, returned from exile in the [[Netherlands|Dutch Republic]] and gathered an army from [[Scotland]], [[Wales]], and Gloucestershire. Despite his military strength, the would-be King's army was defeated at the {{Wiki|Battle of Worcester}} by Cromwell's much larger force, which routed the Royalists. Charles II escaped via St. Martin's Gate after the Earl of Cleveland [[Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Cleveland|Thomas Wentworth]] led a diversionary cavalry charge. Charles II evaded Parliamentarian scouts and eventually escaped to [[France]] by [[boat]], where he lived out most of his exile in [[Breda]]. In the meantime, the remaining Monarchists began undermining Cromwell's control with the aid of General [[George Monck]], who kept Charles II abreast with information by letter.<ref name="PL">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Holidays: Chapter 1 - Ghosts of Christmas Past]]</ref>


After two periods of conflict (1642-1646, 1648-1649), Charles I was executed in 1649, and England became a republican Commonwealth ruled by Cromwell. The King's son, Charles II, returned from exile in the [[Netherlands|Dutch Republic]] and gathered an army from [[Scotland]], [[Wales]], and Gloucestershire. Despite his military strength, the would-be King's army was defeated at the {{Wiki|Battle of Worcester}} by Cromwell's much larger force, which routed the Royalists. Charles II escaped via St. Martin's Gate after the [[Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Cleveland|Earl of Cleveland]] led a diversionary cavalry charge.<ref name="PL">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Holidays: Chapter 1 - Ghosts of Christmas Past]]</ref>
In 1653, Cromwell dissolved Parliament—an act previously committed by Charles I which eventually led to the outbreak of war—and was soon invited to be appointed Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and [[Ireland]]. By 1658, however, Cromwell was dead and his son [[Richard Cromwell|Richard]] had succeeded him. In the ensuing chaos, Monck took control of [[London]] and wrote to Charles II that Parliament would restore him to the throne if he granted amnesty to his father's enemies. This he did, and he returned to England, where he undid many of Cromwell's Puritan policies. During his coronation at [[Westminster Abbey]], Charles II noticed Monck speaking to a man holding an [[Apples of Eden|Apple of Eden]], but had to bow to receive his crown before he saw anything more.<ref name="PL" />
 
Charles II evaded Parliamentarian scouts and eventually escaped to [[France]] by boat, where he lived out most of his exile in [[Breda]]. In the meantime, the remaining Monarchists began undermining Cromwell's control with the aid of one General [[George Monck]], who kept Charles II abreast with information by letter.<ref name="PL" />
 
Cromwell dissolved Parliament - an act previously committed by Charles I, which eventually led to the outbreak of war - in 1653, and was soon invited to be appointed Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and [[Ireland]]. By 1658, however, Cromwell was dead and his [[Richard Cromwell|son]] had succeeded him.<ref name="PL" />
 
In the ensuing chaos, Monck took control of [[London]], and wrote to Charles II that Parliament would restore him to the throne if he granted amnesty to his father's enemies. This he did, and he returned to England, where he undid many of Cromwell's Puritan policies.<ref name="PL" />
 
During his coronation at [[Westminster Abbey]], Charles II noticed Monck speaking to a man holding an [[Apples of Eden|Apple of Eden]], but had to bow to receive his crown before he saw anything more.<ref name="PL" />


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
[[Oliver Cromwell]] came to power through a republic uniting the [[British Isles]]. Turning the country into a democratic and unitary state, but also into a puritanical authoritarian dictatorship. This caused the republic to dissolve with the death of Cromwell and the Restoration of the monarchy with the reign of [[Charles II]].<ref name="PL" />
Oliver Cromwell came to power through a republic uniting the [[British Isles]]. Turning the country into a democratic and unitary state, but also into a puritanical authoritarian dictatorship. This caused the republic to dissolve with the death of Cromwell and the Restoration of the monarchy with the reign of Charles II.<ref name="PL" />
   
   
The [[John Locke]]'s ideas influenced by the English Revolution gave rise to the modern liberal political system 25 years after the Restoration of the English throne, the country was no longer controlled by kings and aristocrats but by the parliament itself, calling itself a parliamentary monarchy.{{Fact|14 June 2020}} It brought development [[capitalism]], an economic system that concentrated not on wealth but on money itself, being replaced by feudalism. 200 years later the [[British Empire]] became the largest empire ever to exist, due to its philosophical, political and scientific foundations, which launched the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref name="ACS" />
The [[John Locke]]'s ideas influenced by the English Revolution gave rise to the modern liberal political system 25 years after the Restoration of the English throne, the country was no longer controlled by kings and aristocrats but by the parliament itself, calling itself a parliamentary monarchy.{{Fact|14 June 2020}} It brought development [[capitalism]], an economic system that concentrated not on wealth but on money itself, being replaced by feudalism. 200 years later the British Empire became the largest empire ever to exist, due to its philosophical, political and scientific foundations, which launched the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref name="ACS" />
   
   
But those ideas were brought in by the [[Templars]] through the ideas of Locke, who took control of the British Empire for 100 years, causing political and economic instability. Members of the Order such as [[Reginald Birch]], [[Haytham Kenway]] and [[Crawford Starrick]] controlled the country through both economy and politics. Caused by discontent in the population and revolts, some parts of the Empire were highly oppressed, such as its capital [[London]], the [[Thirteen Colonies]] or [[India]], all run by the Templars in the shadows.<ref name="AC3"> ''[[Assassin's Creed III]]''</ref><ref name="ACF"> ''[[Assassin's Creed: Forsaken]]''</ref><ref name="ACS">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate''</ref>
However, those ideas were brought in by the [[Templars]] through the ideas of Locke, who took control of the British Empire for 100 years, causing political and economic instability. Members of the Order such as [[Reginald Birch]], [[Haytham Kenway]], and [[Crawford Starrick]] controlled the country through both economy and politics. Caused by discontent in the population and revolts, some parts of the Empire were highly oppressed, such as its capital; [[London]]; the Thirteen Colonies; or [[India]], all run by the Templars in the shadows.<ref name="AC3"> ''[[Assassin's Creed III]]''</ref><ref name="ACF"> ''[[Assassin's Creed: Forsaken]]''</ref><ref name="ACS">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate''</ref> The Assassins were also involved in the conflict, as [[Callum Lynch]] had an Assassin ancestor who fought as a {{Wiki|Cavalier|cavalier}} during the war.<ref name="Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization]]''</ref>
 
The [[Assassin Brotherhood]] was involved in the conflict somehow, as [[Callum Lynch]] had an Assassin ancestor who fought as a {{Wiki|Cavalier|cavalier}} during the war.<ref name="Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization]]''</ref>


==Appearances==
==Appearances==

Revision as of 00:04, 28 January 2025

Template:War The English Civil War was a series of conflicts fought between supporters of the English monarchy, personified by Kings Charles I and his son Charles II, and the English Parliament principally led by Oliver Cromwell, who disputed the absolute authority of the monarchy over the country, and by extension, Parliament itself.

History

During the English Civil War, London was the place of political turmoil between the King Charles I and the Parliament;[1] this instability would ripple out to the empire's colonies, as the eventual constant changing of governments impacted immigration rates to the Americas, though the self-governing Puritans in Massachusetts were largely unaffected by this.[2]

In 1643, parliamentarian Edmund Waller plotted to return King Charles to London, an act of betrayal to the Long Parliament. The Long Parliament's leader John Pym discovered Waller's plot during a sermon at St. Margaret's church. Pym immediately ordered the arrest of Waller and his co-conspirators from the church, and Waller was ultimately banished for his crimes.[3]

The Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud was stripped of his possessions by the Parliament. The Lambeth Palace was damaged[4] and the horseferry became an important crossing for Parliament to control to keep supporters of the king out of Westminster.[5] In 1648, Charles was tried for treason at Westminster Palace.[6] Charles made his final procession from St. James Park to Whitehall Palace, where he was executed[7] by Richard Brandon.[8]

After two periods of conflict (1642–1646, 1648–1649), Charles I was executed in 1649, and England became a republican Commonwealth ruled by Cromwell. The King's son, Charles II, returned from exile in the Dutch Republic and gathered an army from Scotland, Wales, and Gloucestershire. Despite his military strength, the would-be King's army was defeated at the Battle of Worcester by Cromwell's much larger force, which routed the Royalists. Charles II escaped via St. Martin's Gate after the Earl of Cleveland Thomas Wentworth led a diversionary cavalry charge. Charles II evaded Parliamentarian scouts and eventually escaped to France by boat, where he lived out most of his exile in Breda. In the meantime, the remaining Monarchists began undermining Cromwell's control with the aid of General George Monck, who kept Charles II abreast with information by letter.[9]

In 1653, Cromwell dissolved Parliament—an act previously committed by Charles I which eventually led to the outbreak of war—and was soon invited to be appointed Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. By 1658, however, Cromwell was dead and his son Richard had succeeded him. In the ensuing chaos, Monck took control of London and wrote to Charles II that Parliament would restore him to the throne if he granted amnesty to his father's enemies. This he did, and he returned to England, where he undid many of Cromwell's Puritan policies. During his coronation at Westminster Abbey, Charles II noticed Monck speaking to a man holding an Apple of Eden, but had to bow to receive his crown before he saw anything more.[9]

Legacy

Oliver Cromwell came to power through a republic uniting the British Isles. Turning the country into a democratic and unitary state, but also into a puritanical authoritarian dictatorship. This caused the republic to dissolve with the death of Cromwell and the Restoration of the monarchy with the reign of Charles II.[9]

The John Locke's ideas influenced by the English Revolution gave rise to the modern liberal political system 25 years after the Restoration of the English throne, the country was no longer controlled by kings and aristocrats but by the parliament itself, calling itself a parliamentary monarchy. [citation needed] It brought development capitalism, an economic system that concentrated not on wealth but on money itself, being replaced by feudalism. 200 years later the British Empire became the largest empire ever to exist, due to its philosophical, political and scientific foundations, which launched the Industrial Revolution.[10]

However, those ideas were brought in by the Templars through the ideas of Locke, who took control of the British Empire for 100 years, causing political and economic instability. Members of the Order such as Reginald Birch, Haytham Kenway, and Crawford Starrick controlled the country through both economy and politics. Caused by discontent in the population and revolts, some parts of the Empire were highly oppressed, such as its capital; London; the Thirteen Colonies; or India, all run by the Templars in the shadows.[11][12][10] The Assassins were also involved in the conflict, as Callum Lynch had an Assassin ancestor who fought as a cavalier during the war.[13]

Appearances

References

  1. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: Horse Guards
  2. ↑ Assassin's Creed – Issue #3
  3. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: St. Margaret's, Westminster
  4. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: Lambeth Palace
  5. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: Lambeth Bridge
  6. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: Houses of Parliament
  7. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: St. James's Park
  8. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: St. Mary Matfelon
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Holidays: Chapter 1 - Ghosts of Christmas Past
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Assassin's Creed: Syndicate
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed III
  12. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Forsaken
  13. ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization

Timeline
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21st century

zh:英国内战 fr:Première révolution anglaise

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