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imported>Darman36
→‎Appearances: Crusades as a whole mentioned in podcast
imported>Darman36
→‎Selected Crusades: Added the Second Crusade. Fifth to Ninth(?!) amount to one-line mentions in podcast. Unlike Fourth, which at least is in AC2 database, I don't think AC covered further Crusades' historical figures or events
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===First Crusade===
===First Crusade===
{{Main|First Crusade}}
{{Main|First Crusade}}
The First Crusade lasted from 1096 to 1099, culminating with the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1099)|Siege of Jerusalem]]. The four main armies left for the front in August 1096, arriving at Jerusalem three years later.<ref>{{WP|First Crusade}}</ref> Starting in August 1098, the city of [[Jerusalem]] became occupied by the [[Egypt]]ian {{Wiki|Fatimid Caliphate|Faṭimids}}. On 7 June 1099, the Christian army camped outside Jerusalem and began their assaults. The city fell relatively quickly and massacres of Muslim and [[Judaism|Jewish]] populations followed their entrance in the city.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Initiates#Timeline|Timeline]]: 1099 – "Siege of Jerusalem"</ref> The Crusader state of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] would be established immediately after.
The First Crusade (1096 – 1099) was called with the aim of recovering the Levant from the expanding {{Wiki|Seljuk Empire}}, culminating with the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1099)|Siege of Jerusalem]]. The four main armies left for the front in August 1096, arriving at Jerusalem three years later,<ref>{{WP|First Crusade}}</ref> by which time the retreating [[Egypt]]ian {{Wiki|Fatimid Caliphate}} had been occupying the city since August 1098. On 7 June 1099, the Christian army camped outside Jerusalem and began their assaults. The city fell relatively quickly and the Crusaders entered only to promptly massacre the city's Muslim and [[Judaism|Jewish]] populations.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – Timeline</ref> The [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]], a {{Wiki|Crusader states|Crusader state}}, was established immediately after.
 
===Second Crusade===
{{Main|Second Crusade}}
The Second Crusade (1147 – 1150) was a failed effort at consolidating [[Crusaders|Crusader]] control over the Holy Land after ''{{Wiki|atabeg}}'' {{Wiki|Imad al-Din Zengi}} {{Wiki|Siege of Edessa (1144)|captured}} the city of {{Wiki|Edessa}}, a Crusader state capital.<ref>{{WP|Second Crusade}}</ref> With psychological pressure from [[Papacy|Pope]] {{Wiki|Pope Eugene III|Eugene III}} over the First Crusade's success, many nobles joined the expedition, but overconfident and underprepared, they were repeatedly defeated by the {{Wiki|Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks}} in [[Anatolia]] and ultimately withdrew following a mere week-long attempt to lay {{Wiki|Siege of Damascus (1148)|siege}} to [[Damascus]]. Their defeat raised Muslim confidence and allowed Zengi's son {{Wiki|Nur al-Din Zengi|Nur al-Din}} to accrue power by uniting different parts of Muslim society.<ref name="EchoesCrusades">''[[Echoes of History]] – Assassins vs Templars'' – Episode 1: The Crusades</ref>


===Third Crusade===
===Third Crusade===
{{Main|Third Crusade}}
{{Main|Third Crusade}}
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192), also known as the '''Kings' Crusade''', was an attempt to reconquer [[Jerusalem]] from [[Saladin]]. During this crusade, Christian forces, principally led by King [[Richard I of England]], managed to [[Siege of Acre|reclaim]] [[Acre]] and [[Battle of Arsuf|engaged]] Saladin at [[Battle of Arsuf|Arsuf]] before coming to negotiate peaceful terms with the signing of the {{Wiki|Treaty of Jaffa (1192)|Treaty of Jaffa}}. Though Jerusalem remained under Saracen control, the Saracens agreed to allow unarmed Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) was an attempt to reconquer Jerusalem from the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] Sultan [[Saladin]], Nur-al Din's protégé and nephew to {{Wiki|Shirkuh|one}} of his generals, after he {{Wiki|Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|captured}} it in 1187.<ref name="ThirdCrusade">{{WP|Third Crusade}}</ref> European forces, principally led by King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] of [[England]], managed to [[Siege of Acre|reclaim]] [[Acre]]<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]'' – [[Flow of Poison]]</ref> and [[Battle of Arsuf|fought]] Saladin's army near [[Arsuf]]<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' – [[Assassination II (Robert de Sablé)]]</ref> before coming to negotiate peaceful terms and signing the {{Wiki|Treaty of Jaffa (1192)|Treaty of Jaffa}}. Though Jerusalem remained under Saracen control, the Saracens agreed to allow unarmed Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land.<ref name="ThirdCrusade"/>


===Fourth Crusade===
===Fourth Crusade===
{{Main|Fourth Crusade}}
{{Main|Fourth Crusade}}
In 1202, the crusaders required transport on [[Venice|Venetian]] [[ship]]s to which {{Wiki|Doge of Venice|Doge}} [[Enrico Dandolo]] agreed to on the condition that the crusaders take the {{Wiki|Dalmatia}}n city of {{Wiki|Zadar}} and then capture [[Constantinople]]. When Constantinople fell, the city was sacked by the [[Venetian Navy|Venetian fleet]].<ref name="AC2">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Venezia]]</ref>
The Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204) was a second attempt to take Jerusalem, which the Ayyubids still held under Saladin's son {{Wiki|Al-Aziz Uthman}}.<ref>{{WP|Fourth Crusade}}</ref> In 1202, the Crusaders required transport on [[Venice|Venetian]] [[ship]]s to the Levant. {{Wiki|Doge of Venice|Doge}} [[Enrico Dandolo]] agreed to give them passage only if they captured both the {{Wiki|Dalmatia}}n city of {{Wiki|Zadar}} and [[Constantinople]]. When Constantinople fell, the [[Venetian Navy]] sacked it.<ref name="AC2">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Venezia]]</ref>


==Appearances==
==Appearances==

Revision as of 02:15, 7 May 2024

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This article has a lot of room for expansion. Please improve it with additional information in accordance with the Manual of Style

The Crusades were a series of religious wars with the objective of recovering the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, from Islamic rule. The best known of these military expeditions are those in the period between 1095, when plans for the original invasion began, with Pope Urban II rallying European allies during the Council of Clermont,[1] and lasted until 1291, with the Crusaders' loss at the Siege of Acre.[2]

Selected Crusades

First Crusade

Main article: First Crusade

The First Crusade (1096 – 1099) was called with the aim of recovering the Levant from the expanding Seljuk Empire, culminating with the Siege of Jerusalem. The four main armies left for the front in August 1096, arriving at Jerusalem three years later,[3] by which time the retreating Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate had been occupying the city since August 1098. On 7 June 1099, the Christian army camped outside Jerusalem and began their assaults. The city fell relatively quickly and the Crusaders entered only to promptly massacre the city's Muslim and Jewish populations.[4] The Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state, was established immediately after.

Second Crusade

Main article: Second Crusade

The Second Crusade (1147 – 1150) was a failed effort at consolidating Crusader control over the Holy Land after atabeg Imad al-Din Zengi captured the city of Edessa, a Crusader state capital.[5] With psychological pressure from Pope Eugene III over the First Crusade's success, many nobles joined the expedition, but overconfident and underprepared, they were repeatedly defeated by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia and ultimately withdrew following a mere week-long attempt to lay siege to Damascus. Their defeat raised Muslim confidence and allowed Zengi's son Nur al-Din to accrue power by uniting different parts of Muslim society.[6]

Third Crusade

Main article: Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) was an attempt to reconquer Jerusalem from the Ayyubid Sultan Saladin, Nur-al Din's protégé and nephew to one of his generals, after he captured it in 1187.[7] European forces, principally led by King Richard I of England, managed to reclaim Acre[8] and fought Saladin's army near Arsuf[9] before coming to negotiate peaceful terms and signing the Treaty of Jaffa. Though Jerusalem remained under Saracen control, the Saracens agreed to allow unarmed Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land.[7]

Fourth Crusade

Main article: Fourth Crusade

The Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204) was a second attempt to take Jerusalem, which the Ayyubids still held under Saladin's son Al-Aziz Uthman.[10] In 1202, the Crusaders required transport on Venetian ships to the Levant. Doge Enrico Dandolo agreed to give them passage only if they captured both the Dalmatian city of Zadar and Constantinople. When Constantinople fell, the Venetian Navy sacked it.[11]

Appearances

References

  1. ↑ Assassin's Creed: A Walk Through History (1189-1868) – Chapter 1: The Third Crusade – Historical Overview: The Rise of Saladin
  2. ↑ Crusades on Wikipedia
  3. ↑ First Crusade on Wikipedia
  4. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Initiates – Timeline
  5. ↑ Second Crusade on Wikipedia
  6. ↑ Echoes of History – Assassins vs Templars – Episode 1: The Crusades
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Third Crusade on Wikipedia
  8. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles – Flow of Poison
  9. ↑ Assassin's Creed – Assassination II (Robert de Sablé)
  10. ↑ Fourth Crusade on Wikipedia
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Venezia

Timeline
Before Common Era
Prehistory
13th–6th centuries BCE
5th century BCE
4th–2nd centuries BCE
1st century BCE
5th–13th centuries
5th–7th centuries
8th century
9th century
10th century
11th century
12th century
13th century
14th–17th centuries
14th century
15th century
16th century
Siege of Monteriggioni • Liberation of Rome (Skirmish in the Campagna District) • Search for Cesare Borgia (Attack on Valencia • Siege of Viana) • Italian Wars (War of the League of Cambrai (Battle of Agnadello) • Assassination of Niccolò di Pitigliano) • Little Judgment Day • Prince of Anhua rebellion • Ottoman Civil War (Attack on Prince Suleiman) • Riot at the Harbor of Theodosius • Prince of Ning rebellion • Destruction of the Great Chain • Fight for the Masyaf Keys • Age of Discovery (Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (Night of Sorrows) • Battle of Mactan • Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (Siege of Cuzco)) • Assassin expedition to the Mekong • Great Rites Controversy • 1526 Macau fires • 1527 Sack of Rome • Roman Inquisition • Battle of Gogunda • Sengoku period (Battle of Okehazama • Siege of Kanegasaki • Battle of Anegawa • Siege of Mount Hiei • Ishiyama Hongan-ji War • Tenshō Iga War • Honnō-ji incident • Imjin War • Battle of Sekigahara)
17th century
18th century
1701–1730
1731–1769
1770–1785
1786–1800
19th–21st centuries
19th century
20th century
Modern times • Tunguska explosion • World War I (Battle of Mons • Christmas truce) • Russian Revolution (Execution of the Romanov family • Kazan Operation) • Irish War of Independence • Red Scare (Palmer Raids) • Shanghai massacre of 1927 • Invergordon Mutiny • Spanish Civil War • World War II (The Blitz • Operation Weserübung • Operation Sealion • Operation Barbarossa • Operation Silver Fox • Manhattan Project • Second Battle of El Alamein • Normandy landings • Japanese invasion of Burma • Battle of Tinian • Battle for Brest • Yalta Conference) • Philadelphia Project • Bretton Woods Conference • Cold War (1954 Guatemalan coup d'état • Vietnam War • Assassination of John F. Kennedy • Apollo 11 • 1973 Chilean coup d'état • Operation Gardel • Iranian Revolution • Dissolution of the Soviet Union)
21st century

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