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{{Era|Organizations|Assassins}}
{{Era|Organizations|Assassins}}
{{Quote|We are men of ambition, though we do not yet have the means to see it through.|Eseosa, 1776.|Assassin's Creed: Initiates|Eseosa's Codex}}
{{Faction Infobox
{{Faction Infobox
|image =
|image =  
|leader = [[Assassin leader]]<br>[[Mentor]]
|founder = [[François Mackandal]] {{c|1730s}}<br>[[Eseosa]] {{c|1776}}
|leader = [[Mentor]]
|headquarters = Near [[Port-au-Prince]]<br>Bréda Plantation
|headquarters = Near [[Port-au-Prince]]<br>Bréda Plantation
|locations = [[Haiti]]
|locations = [[Haiti]]
|related = [[Assassins]]<br>[[Maroon rebellion]]<br>Empire of Haiti
|active = c. 1732 – 1758 {{c|collapsed}}<br>c. 1776 – 1804 {{c|collapsed}}<br>c. 1971
|collapsed = 1758
}}
|reorganized = 1776
The '''Saint-Domingue Brotherhood of Assassins''', also known as the '''Haitian Brotherhood''', is the [[Assassin Guilds|guild]] of [[Assassins]] located in [[Haiti]], formerly the [[France|French]] colony of Saint-Domingue. The organization's first incarnation was founded in the early 18th century by the [[Maroons|Maroon]] leader [[François Mackandal]] as a splinter branch from the [[West Indies Brotherhood of Assassins|West Indies Brotherhood]].
|notable = [[François Mackandal]]<br>[[Agaté]]<br>[[Baptiste]]<br>[[Vendredi]]<br>[[Babatunde Josèphe]]<br>[[Eseosa]]<br>[[Dutty Boukman]]<br>[[Toussaint Louverture]]}}
 
The '''Saint-Domingue Brotherhood of Assassins''' was the [[Assassin Guilds|Guild]] of [[Assassins]] located in the [[France|French]] colony of [[Haiti|Saint-Domingue]], formed during the mid-18th century by [[Maroons|Maroon]] leader [[François Mackandal]] as a splinter branch from the [[West Indies Brotherhood of Assassins|West Indies Brotherhood]].
An extremist [[Mentor]] with a radical interpretation of [[the Creed]], Mackandal sought to secure Saint-Domingue's independence and liberate its [[Slavery|enslaved]] black population by eliminating all of the island's white colonists. He recruited many slaves to his cause and refused any outside interference from other Brotherhoods, due to them opposing his violent methods. Mackandal was arrested and executed in 1758 before he could succeed in his goal, leading to his guild's collapse.
 
Circa 1776, a second incarnation of the Haitian Brotherhood was formed by [[Eseosa]], the grandson of the renowned West Indies Assassin [[Adéwalé]]. Regarding Mackandal as a disgrace to the Creed, Eseosa intended to reform the Brotherhood and Haiti and create a country where black and white citizens could live together in peace. To this end, he recruited several like-minded individuals to organize a slave revolt against Saint-Domingue's French rulers.
 
This revolt escalated into the [[Haitian Revolution]], which saw many Assassins like [[Toussaint Louverture]] playing central roles, commanding armies against the French forces. While the revolution was ultimately successful, the Haitian Brotherhood did not survive the conflict, which saw [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] rise as the absolute ruler of Haiti. Regarding Dessalines as a tyrant, Eseosa planned to eliminate him and rebuild his Brotherhood, and left Haiti to seek aid and guidance from the [[American Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Assassins]].
 
By the late 20th century, the Assassins again maintained a presence in Haiti and, in 1971, were responsible for the death of [[François Duvalier]], the country's corrupt president.


==History==
==History==
===Leadership of Mackandal===
===First incarnation===
By 1732, [[François Mackandal]] had become the [[Mentor]] of the Haitian Brotherhood, made contact with the [[Slavery|slaves]] [[Agaté]], [[Baptiste]] and [[Jeanne]], and occupied his time with educating them. Additionally, Mackandal taught both Agaté and Baptiste the art of creating [[poison]]s, and trained them in combat, [[freerunning]] and the rudimentary principles of the Brotherhood. However, Mackandal adopted a very strict interpretation of [[the Creed]], having his disciples poison white colonists, even if they were innocent. While Agaté felt compassion for Jeanne, Baptiste did not, which caused friction between the two.<ref name="AC3L">''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]''</ref>
====Establishment====
{{Quote|My Creed is pure, undiluted by centuries of weakness and compromise. If your so-called Assassins oppose me, they may possibly die. If your so-called Maroons join me, they will surely die. All things end in death. It may as well be French deaths.|Mackandal in a letter to Antó, 1738.|Assassin's Creed: Rogue|War Letters}}
By the early 1730s, [[François Mackandal]], a former [[West Indies Brotherhood of Assassins|West Indies Assassin]] and [[Maroons|Maroon]] leader, had founded the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood as its first [[Mentor]] due to an ideological split with his fellow Assassins over the  meaning of [[the Creed]]. Viewing the Brotherhood's willingness to compromise as a sign of weakness, Mackandal decided to form his own splinter branch, one that would do whatever he believed was necessary to achieve [[Haiti|Saint-Domingue]]'s independence from [[France]] and abolish [[slavery]] in the colony.<ref name="Acolytes">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[War Letters]]: "My Faithful Acolytes"</ref>
 
In 1732, Mackandal made contact with the slaves [[Agaté]], [[Baptiste]], and [[Jeanne]], and occupied his time with educating them. Additionally, Mackandal taught both Agaté and Baptiste the art of creating [[poison]]s, and trained them in combat, [[freerunning]], and the rudimentary principles of the Brotherhood. However, Mackandal's very strict interpretation of the Creed led him to order his pupils to poison the white colonists of Saint-Domingue, even if they were innocent. This caused Jeanne to grow distrustful of the Mentor and decide against joining his Brotherhood.<ref name="Jeanne's Diary">''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]'' – [[Jeanne's diary pages]]</ref>
 
Around 1738,<ref name="Agaté Database">''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]'' – [[Database: Agaté]]</ref> Agaté and Baptiste were officially inducted into the Assassin Order while Jeanne stayed behind on the plantation, refusing to ally herself with Mackandal due to his violent methods.<ref name="Jeanne's Diary" /> Around this time, the West Indies Assassin [[Antó]] contacted Mackandal and offered to send him reinforcements in order to succeed in his goal of liberating slaves and strengthening the Maroon cause. However, Mackandal rejected Antó's aid and belittled his Mentor, [[Ah Tabai]], whom he referred to as too soft. He claimed to hold a greater understanding of the Creed, while also professing his intent to make full use of a [[Piece of Eden]] should he find one.<ref name="Acolytes" />
 
====1751 earthquake====
{{Quote|Once in Haiti, I wasted no time in tracking down the Assassins. They are led by a one-armed Maroon leader named François Mackandal. A reckless tyrant if I ever have seen one.|Lawrence Washington in a letter to [[Christopher Gist]], 1751.|Assassin's Creed: Rogue|War Letters}}
By 1751, Mackandal had come into possession of two Isu artifacts: a [[Precursor box]], previously possessed by [[Bastienne Josèphe]], and the [[Voynich manuscript]]. With them, the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood was able to discover the locations of several [[Temple (Isu)|Isu temples]], including one located in [[Port-au-Prince]].<ref name="Lessons and Revelations">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Lessons and Revelations]]</ref> Mackandal dispatched one of his Assassins, a Maroon named [[Vendredi]], to the [[Port-au-Prince Temple|temple]] in search of the Pieces of Eden he believed the site contained.<ref name="Family Vacation">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[War Letters]]: "Family Vacation"</ref>
 
However, Vendredi unknowingly triggered the temple's defenses when he attempted to remove the artifact from its pedestal. This subsequently caused a massive [[1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake|earthquake]] which leveled the city and caused Vendredi to be caught under debris in the collapsing temple. [[Lawrence Washington]], a [[Templars|Templar]] who had followed the Assassin into the temple, offered to help him in exchange for Mackandal's location. Vendredi agreed, but was killed shortly after by Washington. Some time afterward, Washington snuck into Mackandal's camp and stole the Precursor box and the Voynich manuscript, claiming the artifacts for the Templar Order.<ref name="Family Vacation" />
 
After the earthquake, [[Adéwalé]], a West Indies Assassin, arrived at Port-au-Prince<ref name="ACI">''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[Eseosa's Codex]]</ref> and discovered the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood.<ref name="Adéwalé DB">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Database: Adéwalé (Rogue)|Database: Adéwalé]]</ref> He also reunited with Bastienne Josèphe and met his son, [[Babatunde Josèphe|Babatunde]], training him to become an Assassin of the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood.<ref name="ACI" /> Worried by Mackandal's extreme methods and increasing instability, Adéwalé asked his son to keep an eye on the Mentor. Before leaving, he vowed to reform the Brotherhood and Saint-Domingue.<ref name="Family Reunion">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[War Letters]]: "Family Reunion"</ref>
 
Sometime afterward, Adéwalé pursued Washington at sea, in the hope of reclaiming the stolen Precursor artifacts. He ultimately lost the trail upon reaching [[New York]]<ref name="Lessons and Revelations"/> and, at the suggestion of his son,<ref name="Family Reunion"/> traveled to the [[Davenport Homestead]] in 1752, in order to collect supplies for the survivors of the earthquake. Upon reuniting with [[Achilles Davenport]], the Mentor of the [[American Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Brotherhood]], the two discussed Mackandal's progress and the effects of the Precursor site.<ref name="Lessons and Revelations"/>
 
====Collapse====
{{Quote|He calls himself François Mackandal, my own mentor – the leader, the priest, the Brother, to whose cause I devoted my life. He was put to death by fire. I failed to prevent it.|Agaté to [[Aveline de Grandpré]], on Mackandal's execution, 1766.|Assassin's Creed III: Liberation|The False Mackandal}}
By 1758, Mackandal's plan to poison several colonists in Saint-Domingue had failed and he was captured by the authorities.<ref name="The False Mackandal">''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]'' – [[The False Mackandal]]</ref> The [[Master Templar]] [[Madeleine de L'Isle]] ensured that he was executed,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Berg's Inspiration – Baptiste"</ref> and on 20 January, the Saint-Domingue Mentor was put to death by fire. Agaté tried to save Mackandal, but his efforts were futile. Agaté subsequently fled to [[Louisiana]] and hid around the [[Louisiana Bayou|bayou]] in his personal [[Agaté's Hut|hideout]].<ref name="The False Mackandal"/> Baptiste, meanwhile, felt betrayed by Agaté and began forming his own Brotherhood, keeping true to Mackandal's teachings, which led him to become an ally of the Templar Order.<ref name="Eve of Saint John">''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]'' – [[Eve of Saint John]]</ref>
 
In the meantime, Adéwalé was killed by the [[American Rite of the Templar Order|Colonial Templar]] [[Shay Cormac]] during the Templars' [[Great Purge (1757-1763)|purge]] of the Colonial Brotherhood. With the death of the legendary Assassin and the lack of Mackandal's leadership, the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood soon fell apart.<ref name="Bravado">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Bravado]]</ref>
 
===Second incarnation===
====Early activities====
{{Quote|I am not alone. I have gathered allies. Georges Biassou, a man of some renown among the slaves; Dutty Boukman, a Vodou houngan from Jamaica; and Toussaint Bréda, who I think has the potential to be the greatest of us all.|Eseosa on his allies, 1776.|Assassin's Creed: Initiates|Eseosa's Codex}}
[[File:AFamilyVow Eseosa.jpg|thumb|220px|A sketch of Eseosa]]
Around 1776, Babatunde's son [[Eseosa]] began plotting the [[Haitian Revolution]] and rebuilding the Brotherhood, sharing his father and grandfather's wish of creating a Saint-Domingue in which black and white citizens lived equally. He considered Mackandal a disgrace to the Brotherhood, and was disgusted by his brutality. Buying [[Toussaint Louverture|Toussaint Bréda]] out of slavery, he recruited [[Dutty Boukman]], [[Georges Biassou]], [[Jean-François Papillon]], and [[Jeannot Bullet]] into the Brotherhood. Following a Vodou ceremony by Boukman, the revolution ignited, secretly led by the Assassins.<ref name="ACI"/>


Around 1738, Agaté and Baptiste were officially inducted into the Assassin Order. Jeanne, however, having grown fearful of Mackandal's violent methods, refused to ally herself with the Assassins and decided to stay behind at the plantation.<ref name="AC3L"/> At some point, Mackandal became acquainted with [[Antó]], a [[Caribbean Assassins|Caribbean Assassin]] and the [[Kingston]] [[Assassin bureau|bureau]] leader. Antó offered his services to Mackandal, in order to liberate slaves and strengthen the [[Maroons|Maroon]] cause. Mackandal rejected his aid while belittling Antó's Mentor, [[Ah Tabai]], whom he referred to as too soft. He claimed to hold a greater understanding of the Creed, while also professing his intent to make full use of a [[Pieces of Eden|Piece of Eden]] should he find one.<ref name="ACRG">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]''</ref>
In 1791, Toussaint took command of Biassou's troops and attempted to negotiate a treaty between the rebels and the French troops, but was unsuccessful. Meanwhile, Bullet broke the Creed's tenents by overseeing the massacre of white and mulatto [[Civilian|civilians]], leading Eseosa to sentence him to death.<ref name="ACI"/>


===1751 earthquake===
That same year, Boukman was captured by French forces during a battle near Acul and was executed, having his head impaled on a stake in the public square of [[Cap Français]].<ref name="ACI" /> His fellow Assassin [[Elsie]] hoped to save him and recover [[Dutty Boukman's book|his writings]], but was stopped from doing so by [[Fabien]], who believed that Boukman's sacrifice would further the rebellion's cause.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed FCBD 2016 Edition]] – The Chair''</ref>
By 1751, François Mackandal came into possession of two powerful [[Isu|First Civilization]] artifacts, the [[Precursor boxes|Precursor box]] and [[Voynich manuscript|manuscript]], which he received from [[Bastienne Josèphe]]. With them, the Haitian Brotherhood was able to discover the locations of several [[Temple (Isu)|Isu temples]], including one located in [[Port-au-Prince]]. Mackandal dispatched one of his Assassins, a Maroon named [[Vendredi]], to the [[Port-au-Prince Temple|temple]] in search of the Pieces of Eden.<ref name="ACRG"/>


However, Vendredi unknowingly triggered the temple's defenses when he attempted to remove the [[Seismic Temple artifacts|artifact]] from its pedestal. This subsequently caused a massive [[1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake|earthquake]] which leveled the city, and caused Vendredi to be caught under the debris in the collapsing temple. [[Lawrence Washington]], a [[Templars|Templar]] who followed the Assassin into the temple, offered to help him in exchange for Mackandal's location. Vendredi agreed, but was killed shortly after by Washington. Some time afterward, Washington sneaked into Mackandal's camp and stole the box and manuscript, claiming it for the Templar Order.<ref name="ACRG"/>
====Haitian Revolution====
{{Quote|My Brotherhood, rebels and madmen all, is gone. Boukman and Toussaint are dead. I killed the madman Jeannot. Biassou and Jean-François are gone, most likely to Florida. I received word that Toussaint died in prison, but no word on what happened to his body thereafter.[...] I have liberated Saint-Domingue. But at what cost?|Eseosa, 1804.|Assassin's Creed: Initiates|Eseosa's Codex}}
[[File:RisingUpFromSlavery Toussaint.jpg|thumb|210px|left|Portrait of Toussaint Louverture]]
By 1793, as the Haitian Revolution evolved into a full-scale war, Toussaint's role became much more prominent as he began to develop an autonomy from Biassou, having soldiers that answered only to him. Meanwhile, Eseosa secretly trained Toussaint's men and instigated uprisings for him to subdue in order to boost his reputation.<ref name="ACI" />


After the earthquake, [[Adéwalé]], a Caribbean Assassin, arrived at Port-au-Prince<ref name="ACI">''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]''</ref> and discovered the Haitian Brotherhood.<ref name="ACRG"/> There, he reunited with Bastienne Josèphe and met his son, [[Babatunde Josèphe|Babatunde]]. Adéwalé inducted Babatunde and trained him as an Assassin of the Haitian Brotherhood.<ref name="ACI"/> Worried by Mackandal's extreme methods and increasing instability, he also instructed his son to keep an eye on the Mentor. Before leaving, he vowed to reform the Haitian Brotherhood and Saint-Domingue.<ref name="ACRG"/>
The following year, the French government abolished slavery, prompting Toussaint to forego his alliance with the [[Spain|Spanish]] in exchange for one with the French. Becoming a French commander, he soon defended the island from the invading [[British Empire|British]], who attempted to take Haiti.<ref name="ACI" />


Some time after, Adéwalé pursued Washington at sea, in the hope of reclaiming the Precursor artifacts. He ultimately lost the trail upon reaching [[New York]] and, upon suggestion of his son, Adéwalé traveled to the [[Davenport Homestead]] in 1752, in order to collect supplies for the survivors of the earthquake. Upon reuniting with [[Achilles Davenport]], Mentor of the [[American Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Brotherhood]]. The two discussed Mackandal's progress and the effects of the Precursor site.<ref name="ACRG"/>
Eventually, Toussaint began to establish his own government and laws, operating alongside the ones put in place by the French. During this time, Biassou and Papillon lost their faith in the rebellion and joined the Spanish, leaving Haiti and the Brotherhood.<ref name="ACI" />


===Collapse===
In 1801, Eseosa and Toussaint deposed the Templar [[Jean-Louis Villatte]], who had declared himself governor, though in doing so Toussaint became the absolute ruler of Haiti. Toussaint later received a warning from [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], the First Consul of France, not to overstep his bounds, but the Assassin ignored him and conquered the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, liberating all of its slaves. Consequently, in October 1801, Napoleon decided to remove Toussaint from power, seeing him as a threat, and sent his brother-in-law, General [[Charles Leclerc]], to Haiti.<ref name="ACI" />
By 1758, Mackandal's plan to poison several colonists in Saint-Domingue ultimately failed and was he captured by the authorities. The [[Master Templar]] [[Madeleine de L'Isle]] ensured that he was executed. On 20 January that year, Mackandal being put to death by fire. Agaté attempted to save his Mentor, but his efforts were futile. Agaté retreated to [[Louisiana]] and hid around the [[Louisiana Bayou|bayou]] in his personal [[Agaté's Hut|hideout]]. Baptiste, however, felt betrayed by Agaté and began forming his own Brotherhood, keeping true to Mackandal's teachings, which ultimately led him to become an ally of the Templar Order.<ref name="ACRG"/>


In the meantime, Adéwalé was assassinated by the Templar [[Shay Cormac]]. With the death of the legendary Assassin and the lack of Mackandal's leadship, the Haitian Brotherhood soon fell apart.<ref name="ACRG"/>
After months of fighting, Toussaint eventually signed a treaty with the French in May 1802, agreeing to be arrested and sent to France while Haiti was turned back into a French colony. However, Leclerc failed to consolidate his victory by disarming Toussaint's old soldiers, and they rose up again.<ref name="ACI" />


===Reformation===
[[File:WhatPriceFreedom.jpg|thumb|250px|Eseosa arriving at the Davenport Homestead]]
Around 1776, Babatunde's son [[Eseosa]] began plotting the [[Haitian Revolution]] and rebuilding the Brotherhood, sharing his father and grandfather's wish of creating a Saint-Domingue in which black and white citizens lived equally. He considered Mackandal a disgrace to the Brotherhood, and was disgusted by his brutality. Buying [[Toussaint Louverture|Toussaint Bréda]] out of slavery, he recruited [[Dutty Boukman]], [[Georges Biassou]], [[Jean-François Papillon]] and [[Jeannot Bullet]] into the Brotherhood. Following a Vodou ceremony by Boukman, the revolution ignited, secretly led by the Assassins.<ref name="ACI"/>
In November 1802, Leclerc was poisoned by Eseosa while [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], one of Toussaint's former lieutenants, led the rebels to victory, proclaiming himself the new ruler of Haiti in January 1804. However, Dessalines quickly proved to be a ruthless tyrant who ordered the execution of all remaining French citizens in Haiti. Eseosa made plans to eliminate him and traveled to the [[Davenport Homestead]] to receive additional training from the [[American Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Assassin]] [[Ratonhnhaké:ton]], so that he could one day return to Haiti, assassinate Dessalines, and rebuild his Brotherhood.<ref name="ACI" />


===Modern times===
===Modern times===
In 1971, the Assassins eliminated [[François Duvalier]] for his tyrannical rule over Haiti.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]''</ref>
On 21 April 1971, the Assassins eliminated [[François Duvalier]], the President of Haiti and a Templar puppet, for his corrupt and tyrannical rule over the country.<ref name="AC2">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs#15|Glyph 15: "Guardians"]]</ref>


==Members==
==Members==
;[[Maroon rebellion|Maroon Rebellion]]
;Maroon Rebellion
*[[Agaté]]
*[[Agaté]]
*[[Baptiste]]
*[[Baptiste]] {{c|defected}}
*[[Dakodonou]]
*[[Dakodonou]]
*[[Babatunde Josèphe]]
*[[Babatunde Josèphe]]
*[[François Mackandal]]
*[[François Mackandal]] {{c|Mentor; until 1758}}
*[[Vendredi]]
*[[Vendredi]]
;[[Haitian Revolution]]
;Haitian Revolution
*[[Georges Biassou]]
*[[Georges Biassou]] {{c|defected}}
*[[Dutty Boukman]]
*[[Dutty Boukman]]
*[[Jeannot Bullet]]
*[[Jeannot Bullet]] {{c|defected}}
*[[Elsie]]
*[[Elsie]]
*[[Eseosa]]
*[[Eseosa]] {{c|leader; c. 1776 – 1804}}
*[[Fabien]]
*[[Fabien]]
*[[Toussaint Louverture]]
*[[Toussaint Louverture]]
*[[Jean-François Papillon]]
*[[Jean-François Papillon]] {{C|defected}}
{{-}}
{{-}}
===Allies===
===Allies===
;Maroon Rebellion
;Maroon Rebellion
*[[Adéwalé]] {{C|Caribbean Brotherhood}}
*[[Adéwalé]] {{c|[[West Indies Brotherhood of Assassins|West Indies Brotherhood]]}}
*[[Achilles Davenport]] {{C|Colonial Brotherhood}}
*[[Achilles Davenport]] {{c|[[American Brotherhood of Assassins|Colonial Brotherhood]]}}
;Haitian Revolution'''
*[[Bastienne Josèphe]]
*[[Guillaume Beylier]] {{C|French Brotherhood}}
;Haitian Revolution
*[[Ratonhnhaké:ton]] {{C|Colonial Brotherhood}}
*[[Guillaume Beylier]] {{c|[[Parisian Brotherhood of Assassins|French Brotherhood]]}}
*[[Ratonhnhaké:ton]] {{c|Colonial Brotherhood}}
 
==Appearances==
*''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' {{1stm}} {{Imo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]'' {{Imo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' {{Mdat}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed FCBD 2016 Edition]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization]]''


==References==
==References==
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{{Assassins nav}}
{{Assassins nav}}
{{Initiates}}
{{Initiates}}
{{ACNovelization}}
{{ACComic}}
[[zh:圣多明克刺客兄弟会]]
{{ACfilm}}
[[fr:Assassins haïtiens]]
<!--[zh:圣多明克刺客兄弟会]
[fr:Assassins haïtiens]-->
[[Category:Assassin guilds]]
[[Category:Assassin guilds]]

Latest revision as of 17:16, 12 May 2026

"We are men of ambition, though we do not yet have the means to see it through."
―Eseosa, 1776.[src]-[m]

The Saint-Domingue Brotherhood of Assassins, also known as the Haitian Brotherhood, is the guild of Assassins located in Haiti, formerly the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The organization's first incarnation was founded in the early 18th century by the Maroon leader François Mackandal as a splinter branch from the West Indies Brotherhood.

An extremist Mentor with a radical interpretation of the Creed, Mackandal sought to secure Saint-Domingue's independence and liberate its enslaved black population by eliminating all of the island's white colonists. He recruited many slaves to his cause and refused any outside interference from other Brotherhoods, due to them opposing his violent methods. Mackandal was arrested and executed in 1758 before he could succeed in his goal, leading to his guild's collapse.

Circa 1776, a second incarnation of the Haitian Brotherhood was formed by Eseosa, the grandson of the renowned West Indies Assassin Adéwalé. Regarding Mackandal as a disgrace to the Creed, Eseosa intended to reform the Brotherhood and Haiti and create a country where black and white citizens could live together in peace. To this end, he recruited several like-minded individuals to organize a slave revolt against Saint-Domingue's French rulers.

This revolt escalated into the Haitian Revolution, which saw many Assassins like Toussaint Louverture playing central roles, commanding armies against the French forces. While the revolution was ultimately successful, the Haitian Brotherhood did not survive the conflict, which saw Jean-Jacques Dessalines rise as the absolute ruler of Haiti. Regarding Dessalines as a tyrant, Eseosa planned to eliminate him and rebuild his Brotherhood, and left Haiti to seek aid and guidance from the Colonial Assassins.

By the late 20th century, the Assassins again maintained a presence in Haiti and, in 1971, were responsible for the death of François Duvalier, the country's corrupt president.

History[edit | edit source]

First incarnation[edit | edit source]

Establishment[edit | edit source]

"My Creed is pure, undiluted by centuries of weakness and compromise. If your so-called Assassins oppose me, they may possibly die. If your so-called Maroons join me, they will surely die. All things end in death. It may as well be French deaths."
―Mackandal in a letter to Antó, 1738.[src]-[m]

By the early 1730s, François Mackandal, a former West Indies Assassin and Maroon leader, had founded the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood as its first Mentor due to an ideological split with his fellow Assassins over the meaning of the Creed. Viewing the Brotherhood's willingness to compromise as a sign of weakness, Mackandal decided to form his own splinter branch, one that would do whatever he believed was necessary to achieve Saint-Domingue's independence from France and abolish slavery in the colony.[1]

In 1732, Mackandal made contact with the slaves Agaté, Baptiste, and Jeanne, and occupied his time with educating them. Additionally, Mackandal taught both Agaté and Baptiste the art of creating poisons, and trained them in combat, freerunning, and the rudimentary principles of the Brotherhood. However, Mackandal's very strict interpretation of the Creed led him to order his pupils to poison the white colonists of Saint-Domingue, even if they were innocent. This caused Jeanne to grow distrustful of the Mentor and decide against joining his Brotherhood.[2]

Around 1738,[3] Agaté and Baptiste were officially inducted into the Assassin Order while Jeanne stayed behind on the plantation, refusing to ally herself with Mackandal due to his violent methods.[2] Around this time, the West Indies Assassin Antó contacted Mackandal and offered to send him reinforcements in order to succeed in his goal of liberating slaves and strengthening the Maroon cause. However, Mackandal rejected Antó's aid and belittled his Mentor, Ah Tabai, whom he referred to as too soft. He claimed to hold a greater understanding of the Creed, while also professing his intent to make full use of a Piece of Eden should he find one.[1]

1751 earthquake[edit | edit source]

"Once in Haiti, I wasted no time in tracking down the Assassins. They are led by a one-armed Maroon leader named François Mackandal. A reckless tyrant if I ever have seen one."
―Lawrence Washington in a letter to Christopher Gist, 1751.[src]-[m]

By 1751, Mackandal had come into possession of two Isu artifacts: a Precursor box, previously possessed by Bastienne Josèphe, and the Voynich manuscript. With them, the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood was able to discover the locations of several Isu temples, including one located in Port-au-Prince.[4] Mackandal dispatched one of his Assassins, a Maroon named Vendredi, to the temple in search of the Pieces of Eden he believed the site contained.[5]

However, Vendredi unknowingly triggered the temple's defenses when he attempted to remove the artifact from its pedestal. This subsequently caused a massive earthquake which leveled the city and caused Vendredi to be caught under debris in the collapsing temple. Lawrence Washington, a Templar who had followed the Assassin into the temple, offered to help him in exchange for Mackandal's location. Vendredi agreed, but was killed shortly after by Washington. Some time afterward, Washington snuck into Mackandal's camp and stole the Precursor box and the Voynich manuscript, claiming the artifacts for the Templar Order.[5]

After the earthquake, Adéwalé, a West Indies Assassin, arrived at Port-au-Prince[6] and discovered the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood.[7] He also reunited with Bastienne Josèphe and met his son, Babatunde, training him to become an Assassin of the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood.[6] Worried by Mackandal's extreme methods and increasing instability, Adéwalé asked his son to keep an eye on the Mentor. Before leaving, he vowed to reform the Brotherhood and Saint-Domingue.[8]

Sometime afterward, Adéwalé pursued Washington at sea, in the hope of reclaiming the stolen Precursor artifacts. He ultimately lost the trail upon reaching New York[4] and, at the suggestion of his son,[8] traveled to the Davenport Homestead in 1752, in order to collect supplies for the survivors of the earthquake. Upon reuniting with Achilles Davenport, the Mentor of the Colonial Brotherhood, the two discussed Mackandal's progress and the effects of the Precursor site.[4]

Collapse[edit | edit source]

"He calls himself François Mackandal, my own mentor – the leader, the priest, the Brother, to whose cause I devoted my life. He was put to death by fire. I failed to prevent it."
―Agaté to Aveline de Grandpré, on Mackandal's execution, 1766.[src]-[m]

By 1758, Mackandal's plan to poison several colonists in Saint-Domingue had failed and he was captured by the authorities.[9] The Master Templar Madeleine de L'Isle ensured that he was executed,[10] and on 20 January, the Saint-Domingue Mentor was put to death by fire. Agaté tried to save Mackandal, but his efforts were futile. Agaté subsequently fled to Louisiana and hid around the bayou in his personal hideout.[9] Baptiste, meanwhile, felt betrayed by Agaté and began forming his own Brotherhood, keeping true to Mackandal's teachings, which led him to become an ally of the Templar Order.[11]

In the meantime, Adéwalé was killed by the Colonial Templar Shay Cormac during the Templars' purge of the Colonial Brotherhood. With the death of the legendary Assassin and the lack of Mackandal's leadership, the Saint-Domingue Brotherhood soon fell apart.[12]

Second incarnation[edit | edit source]

Early activities[edit | edit source]

"I am not alone. I have gathered allies. Georges Biassou, a man of some renown among the slaves; Dutty Boukman, a Vodou houngan from Jamaica; and Toussaint Bréda, who I think has the potential to be the greatest of us all."
―Eseosa on his allies, 1776.[src]-[m]
A sketch of Eseosa

Around 1776, Babatunde's son Eseosa began plotting the Haitian Revolution and rebuilding the Brotherhood, sharing his father and grandfather's wish of creating a Saint-Domingue in which black and white citizens lived equally. He considered Mackandal a disgrace to the Brotherhood, and was disgusted by his brutality. Buying Toussaint Bréda out of slavery, he recruited Dutty Boukman, Georges Biassou, Jean-François Papillon, and Jeannot Bullet into the Brotherhood. Following a Vodou ceremony by Boukman, the revolution ignited, secretly led by the Assassins.[6]

In 1791, Toussaint took command of Biassou's troops and attempted to negotiate a treaty between the rebels and the French troops, but was unsuccessful. Meanwhile, Bullet broke the Creed's tenents by overseeing the massacre of white and mulatto civilians, leading Eseosa to sentence him to death.[6]

That same year, Boukman was captured by French forces during a battle near Acul and was executed, having his head impaled on a stake in the public square of Cap Français.[6] His fellow Assassin Elsie hoped to save him and recover his writings, but was stopped from doing so by Fabien, who believed that Boukman's sacrifice would further the rebellion's cause.[13]

Haitian Revolution[edit | edit source]

"My Brotherhood, rebels and madmen all, is gone. Boukman and Toussaint are dead. I killed the madman Jeannot. Biassou and Jean-François are gone, most likely to Florida. I received word that Toussaint died in prison, but no word on what happened to his body thereafter.[...] I have liberated Saint-Domingue. But at what cost?"
―Eseosa, 1804.[src]-[m]
Portrait of Toussaint Louverture

By 1793, as the Haitian Revolution evolved into a full-scale war, Toussaint's role became much more prominent as he began to develop an autonomy from Biassou, having soldiers that answered only to him. Meanwhile, Eseosa secretly trained Toussaint's men and instigated uprisings for him to subdue in order to boost his reputation.[6]

The following year, the French government abolished slavery, prompting Toussaint to forego his alliance with the Spanish in exchange for one with the French. Becoming a French commander, he soon defended the island from the invading British, who attempted to take Haiti.[6]

Eventually, Toussaint began to establish his own government and laws, operating alongside the ones put in place by the French. During this time, Biassou and Papillon lost their faith in the rebellion and joined the Spanish, leaving Haiti and the Brotherhood.[6]

In 1801, Eseosa and Toussaint deposed the Templar Jean-Louis Villatte, who had declared himself governor, though in doing so Toussaint became the absolute ruler of Haiti. Toussaint later received a warning from Napoleon Bonaparte, the First Consul of France, not to overstep his bounds, but the Assassin ignored him and conquered the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, liberating all of its slaves. Consequently, in October 1801, Napoleon decided to remove Toussaint from power, seeing him as a threat, and sent his brother-in-law, General Charles Leclerc, to Haiti.[6]

After months of fighting, Toussaint eventually signed a treaty with the French in May 1802, agreeing to be arrested and sent to France while Haiti was turned back into a French colony. However, Leclerc failed to consolidate his victory by disarming Toussaint's old soldiers, and they rose up again.[6]

Eseosa arriving at the Davenport Homestead

In November 1802, Leclerc was poisoned by Eseosa while Jean-Jacques Dessalines, one of Toussaint's former lieutenants, led the rebels to victory, proclaiming himself the new ruler of Haiti in January 1804. However, Dessalines quickly proved to be a ruthless tyrant who ordered the execution of all remaining French citizens in Haiti. Eseosa made plans to eliminate him and traveled to the Davenport Homestead to receive additional training from the Colonial Assassin Ratonhnhaké:ton, so that he could one day return to Haiti, assassinate Dessalines, and rebuild his Brotherhood.[6]

Modern times[edit | edit source]

On 21 April 1971, the Assassins eliminated François Duvalier, the President of Haiti and a Templar puppet, for his corrupt and tyrannical rule over the country.[14]

Members[edit | edit source]

Maroon Rebellion
Haitian Revolution

Allies[edit | edit source]

Maroon Rebellion
Haitian Revolution

Appearances[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Assassin's Creed: Rogue – War Letters: "My Faithful Acolytes"
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Assassin's Creed III: Liberation – Jeanne's diary pages
  3. ↑ Assassin's Creed III: Liberation – Database: Agaté
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Assassin's Creed: Rogue – Lessons and Revelations
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Assassin's Creed: Rogue – War Letters: "Family Vacation"
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Assassin's Creed: Initiates – Eseosa's Codex
  7. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Rogue – Database: Adéwalé
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Assassin's Creed: Rogue – War Letters: "Family Reunion"
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Assassin's Creed III: Liberation – The False Mackandal
  10. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Rogue – Numbskull's personal files: "Berg's Inspiration – Baptiste"
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed III: Liberation – Eve of Saint John
  12. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Rogue – Bravado
  13. ↑ Assassin's Creed FCBD 2016 Edition – The Chair
  14. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Glyph 15: "Guardians"

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