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|capital = [[Paris]] | |capital = [[Paris]] | ||
|government = [[Monarchy]] | |government = [[Monarchy]] | ||
|head_of_state = Emperor of | |head_of_state = {{Wiki|Emperor of the French|Emperor}} | ||
|military = [[French Army]] | |military = [[French Army]] | ||
| | |ruling_house= {{wiki|House of Bonaparte}} | ||
|nation = [[France]] | |nation = [[France]] | ||
|languages = {{Wiki|French language|French}} | |languages = {{Wiki|French language|French}} | ||
| Line 16: | Line 14: | ||
|major_cities = [[Paris]]<br>[[Tours]] | |major_cities = [[Paris]]<br>[[Tours]] | ||
|founder(s) = [[Napoleon III]] | |founder(s) = [[Napoleon III]] | ||
|date_founded = | |date_founded = 2 December 1852 | ||
|date_dissolved = | |date_dissolved = 27 October 1870 | ||
|last_ruler = Napoleon III | |last_ruler = Napoleon III | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Second French Empire''' was the imperial regime of [[France]] that | The '''Second French Empire''' was the imperial regime of [[France]] that existed between the {{Wiki|French Second Republic}} and the [[Third French Republic]], and a spiritual successor to [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s [[French Empire|First French Empire]]. | ||
Withstanding for eighteen years, the empire had its capital of [[Paris]] surrounded and temporarily taken over by the [[Prussia]]ns during the [[Franco-Prussian War]]. This led [[Napoleon III]] to abdicate his throne, marking the end of the empire. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Establishment=== | |||
In 1848, [[Napoleon III|Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte]] was elected President of France. Due to the constitution, he could not be re-elected for another term, so in December 1851 he staged a {{Wiki|1851 French coup d'état|coup}} and dissolved the [[National Assembly]]. Eventually, on 2 December 1852, the Second French Empire was proclaimed, with Louis-Napoleon becoming Emperor Napoleon III.<ref name="WP">{{WP|Second French Empire}}</ref> | |||
In 1853, Napoleon III sent a warship to push [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Abdülmecid I]] to acknowledge French Catholicism as the official religion over the Holy Land's [[Christianity|Christian]] sites. However, this angered Tsar [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]], who sent two corps | ===Crimean War=== | ||
{{Main|Crimean War}} | |||
In 1853, Napoleon III sent a warship into the [[Black Sea]] to push [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Abdülmecid I]] to acknowledge French Catholicism as the official religion over the Holy Land's [[Christianity|Christian]] sites. However, this angered Tsar [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]], who sent two corps to the {{Wiki|Danube}} river in response. Despite attempts at negotiation, diplomatic relations quickly soured as the French, the [[British Empire|British]], and the Ottomans allied themselves against the [[Russia]]ns' own expansion. For the next three years, their discord became known as the [[Crimean War]]. In 1856, the Russians sued for peace after losing the key city of {{Wiki|Sevastopol}}.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Syndicate]]'' – [[Database: Crimean War]]</ref> | |||
===Orsini affair=== | ===Orsini affair=== | ||
{{Main|Orsini affair}} | {{Main|Orsini affair}} | ||
On 14 January 1858, both Napoleon III and Empress [[Eugénie de Montijo]] attended a | On 14 January 1858, both Napoleon III and his wife, Empress [[Eugénie de Montijo]], attended a show at the {{Wiki|Salle Le Peletier|theater opera of Rue le Peletier}}, only to be nearly assassinated by [[Italy|Italian]] anarchist [[Felice Orsini]] and his accomplices. While the emperor and empress survived with minor injuries, there were numerous civilian casualties from the [[bomb]]s used during the attack.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' – Chapter 15</ref> Orsini and his cohorts were captured the next day,<ref>''Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy'' – Chapter 16</ref> and as a result of the incident, harsher government laws were enacted on the people of France and [[England]].<ref>''Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy'' – Chapter 18</ref> | ||
===Final years=== | |||
In 1867, maintaining his relationship with other nations, Napoleon III sent [[French Army]] officer [[Jules Brunet]] to help ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] modernize the {{Wiki|Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese Army}}.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Fragments – The Blade of Aizu]]''</ref> | |||
By 1870, France became engulfed in a [[Franco-Prussian War|war]] with [[Prussia]], its Kaiser [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I]], and the empire's growing power.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot]]'' – Chapter 11</ref><ref>''Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot'' – Chapter 12</ref> Within months of the war's start, Napoleon III was dethroned, ending the Second French Empire.<ref>''Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot'' – Chapter 14</ref> | |||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Syndicate]]'' {{Mdat}} | *''[[Assassin's Creed: Syndicate]]'' {{Mdat}} | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Fragments – The Blade of Aizu]]'' | *''[[Assassin's Creed: Fragments – The Blade of Aizu]]'' {{Mo}} | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' | *''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy]]'' {{1st}} | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot]]'' | *''[[Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot]]'' | ||
| Line 44: | Line 49: | ||
{{ACTEH}} | {{ACTEH}} | ||
[[Category:France]] | [[Category:France]] | ||
[[Category:French governments]] | |||
[[Category:Former empires]] | [[Category:Former empires]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:27, 7 May 2026
The Second French Empire was the imperial regime of France that existed between the French Second Republic and the Third French Republic, and a spiritual successor to Napoleon Bonaparte's First French Empire.
Withstanding for eighteen years, the empire had its capital of Paris surrounded and temporarily taken over by the Prussians during the Franco-Prussian War. This led Napoleon III to abdicate his throne, marking the end of the empire.
History[edit | edit source]
Establishment[edit | edit source]
In 1848, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte was elected President of France. Due to the constitution, he could not be re-elected for another term, so in December 1851 he staged a coup and dissolved the National Assembly. Eventually, on 2 December 1852, the Second French Empire was proclaimed, with Louis-Napoleon becoming Emperor Napoleon III.[1]
Crimean War[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Crimean War
In 1853, Napoleon III sent a warship into the Black Sea to push Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I to acknowledge French Catholicism as the official religion over the Holy Land's Christian sites. However, this angered Tsar Nicholas I, who sent two corps to the Danube river in response. Despite attempts at negotiation, diplomatic relations quickly soured as the French, the British, and the Ottomans allied themselves against the Russians' own expansion. For the next three years, their discord became known as the Crimean War. In 1856, the Russians sued for peace after losing the key city of Sevastopol.[2]
Orsini affair[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Orsini affair
On 14 January 1858, both Napoleon III and his wife, Empress Eugénie de Montijo, attended a show at the theater opera of Rue le Peletier, only to be nearly assassinated by Italian anarchist Felice Orsini and his accomplices. While the emperor and empress survived with minor injuries, there were numerous civilian casualties from the bombs used during the attack.[3] Orsini and his cohorts were captured the next day,[4] and as a result of the incident, harsher government laws were enacted on the people of France and England.[5]
Final years[edit | edit source]
In 1867, maintaining his relationship with other nations, Napoleon III sent French Army officer Jules Brunet to help shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu modernize the Japanese Army.[6]
By 1870, France became engulfed in a war with Prussia, its Kaiser Wilhelm I, and the empire's growing power.[7][8] Within months of the war's start, Napoleon III was dethroned, ending the Second French Empire.[9]
Appearances[edit | edit source]
- Assassin's Creed: Syndicate (mentioned in Database entry only)
- Assassin's Creed: Fragments – The Blade of Aizu (mentioned only)
- Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy (first appearance)
- Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑
Second French Empire on Wikipedia
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Syndicate – Database: Crimean War
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy – Chapter 15
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy – Chapter 16
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Magus Conspiracy – Chapter 18
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Fragments – The Blade of Aizu
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot – Chapter 11
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot – Chapter 12
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: The Engine of History – The Resurrection Plot – Chapter 14