Jacobins: Difference between revisions
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The '''Society of Friends of the Constitution''', more commonly known as the '''Jacobin Club''', was a radical left-wing political party during the [[French Revolution]]. | The '''Society of Friends of the Constitution''', more commonly known as the '''Jacobin Club''', was a radical left-wing political party during the [[French Revolution]]. | ||
It got its name from the place where they were regularly meeting three times a week, the church of convent near the [[National Assembly]] building, which monks were reformed Dominicans who were also called the Jacobins.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Unity]]'' – [[Database: Club des Jacobins]]</ref> The club was initially formed by Breton deputies in 1789. Other deputies, non-deputies and even foreign nationals immediately joined and it grew to over 7000 chapters with nearly half a million members.<ref name=":0">''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[Database: Jacobin Club]]</ref> | |||
During the constitutional monarchy, which they supported,<ref name=":0" /> the Jacobins' main enemies were the dominant party, the moderate [[Girondists|Girondins]], whom they eventually toppled, along with former [[Louis XVI of France|King Louis XVI]] in 1793.<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[Political Persecution]]</ref><ref>''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[A Dinner Engagement]]</ref> | |||
For the first two years of its existence, the party was more politically moderate than it would later become, and was lead by the [[Assassins|Assassin]] [[Mentor]], the [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau|Comte de Mirabeau]].<ref name=":1">''[[Assassin's Creed: Unity]]'' – {{Cite}}</ref> However, after his death in 1791, the club was taken over by and served as the main guise of the [[Templars|Templar Order]]'s radical faction under the leadership of [[François-Thomas Germain]], who fought for supremacy with the Order's conservative wing led by [[Élise de la Serre]], daughter of the usurped [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] [[François de la Serre]].<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[The Jacobin Club]]</ref> Many moderate members founded their own party around this time, the [[Feuillants]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
When the Jacobins prevailed against the Girondins in June 1793, Germain gave the reins of government to a fellow Templar, [[Maximilien de Robespierre]], who initiated the [[Reign of Terror]], wherein thousands of French people were executed on increasingly questionable charges.<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[Rise of the Assassin]]</ref> The Jacobins, under Robespierre and backed by common [[Paris|Parisians]], ruled the country for nearly a year.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
As the citizens turned against the Jacobins, Robespierre was hunted by Élise and her adopted brother, the [[Assassins|Assassin]] [[Arno Dorian]], both of whom were seeking vengeance against Germain for Grand Master de la Serre's death and reasoned Robespierre would be the most likely to know where he was. Robespierre was captured by revolutionaries on July 27th 1794, but was freed by his supporters as he was being escorted to prison.<ref name=":2">''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[The Fall of Robespierre]]</ref> | |||
The following day, Robespierre was guillotined, and a less radical government was established under the Directory. The Jacobin party collapsed without Robespierre's leadership, and | Pursued by Arno, he subsequently fled to the [[Hôtel de Ville]] where he sought refuge until reinforcements arrived, but was discovered by Arno, who was soon joined by Élise. When Robespierre refused to tell them anything, Élise shot him in the jaw and told him to write instead. Robespierre finally disclosed that Germain was hiding in the [[Temple (Paris)|Temple]]. With this information, Élise and Arno left, unseen, just as revolutionaries arrived to arrest Robespierre.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
The following day, Robespierre was guillotined,<ref name=":3">''Assassin's Creed: Unity'' – [[Jacobin Raid]]</ref> and a less radical government was established under the Directory.<ref name=":1" /> The Jacobin party collapsed without Robespierre's leadership,<ref name=":3" /> and it was closed and outlawed in November 1794.<ref name=":0" /> Though attempts were made to re-establish it in various forms as late as 1799, none lasted more than a few months.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
==Notable Jacobins== | ==Notable Jacobins== | ||
*[[Maximilien de Robespierre]] (leader) | *[[Maximilien de Robespierre]] (leader) | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | |||
{{Templars nav}} | {{Templars nav}} | ||
{{ACU}} | {{ACU}} | ||
Revision as of 00:23, 15 June 2024
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The Society of Friends of the Constitution, more commonly known as the Jacobin Club, was a radical left-wing political party during the French Revolution.
It got its name from the place where they were regularly meeting three times a week, the church of convent near the National Assembly building, which monks were reformed Dominicans who were also called the Jacobins.[1] The club was initially formed by Breton deputies in 1789. Other deputies, non-deputies and even foreign nationals immediately joined and it grew to over 7000 chapters with nearly half a million members.[2]
During the constitutional monarchy, which they supported,[2] the Jacobins' main enemies were the dominant party, the moderate Girondins, whom they eventually toppled, along with former King Louis XVI in 1793.[3][4]
For the first two years of its existence, the party was more politically moderate than it would later become, and was lead by the Assassin Mentor, the Comte de Mirabeau.[5] However, after his death in 1791, the club was taken over by and served as the main guise of the Templar Order's radical faction under the leadership of François-Thomas Germain, who fought for supremacy with the Order's conservative wing led by Élise de la Serre, daughter of the usurped Grand Master François de la Serre.[6] Many moderate members founded their own party around this time, the Feuillants.[2]
When the Jacobins prevailed against the Girondins in June 1793, Germain gave the reins of government to a fellow Templar, Maximilien de Robespierre, who initiated the Reign of Terror, wherein thousands of French people were executed on increasingly questionable charges.[7] The Jacobins, under Robespierre and backed by common Parisians, ruled the country for nearly a year.[2]
As the citizens turned against the Jacobins, Robespierre was hunted by Élise and her adopted brother, the Assassin Arno Dorian, both of whom were seeking vengeance against Germain for Grand Master de la Serre's death and reasoned Robespierre would be the most likely to know where he was. Robespierre was captured by revolutionaries on July 27th 1794, but was freed by his supporters as he was being escorted to prison.[8]
Pursued by Arno, he subsequently fled to the Hôtel de Ville where he sought refuge until reinforcements arrived, but was discovered by Arno, who was soon joined by Élise. When Robespierre refused to tell them anything, Élise shot him in the jaw and told him to write instead. Robespierre finally disclosed that Germain was hiding in the Temple. With this information, Élise and Arno left, unseen, just as revolutionaries arrived to arrest Robespierre.[8]
The following day, Robespierre was guillotined,[9] and a less radical government was established under the Directory.[5] The Jacobin party collapsed without Robespierre's leadership,[9] and it was closed and outlawed in November 1794.[2] Though attempts were made to re-establish it in various forms as late as 1799, none lasted more than a few months.[5]
Notable Jacobins
- Maximilien de Robespierre (leader)
- François Hanriot
- Georges Danton
- Didier Paton
- Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras
- Aloys La Touche
- Jean-Paul Marat
- Jacques Pierre Brissot
- Toussaint Louverture
- Jacques-Louis David
- Frédéric Rouille
- Antoine Fouquier-Tinville
- Charles Cochon de Lapparent
- Madeline Leclair
- Philippe Rose
- Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau (formerly)
- Théroigne de Méricourt (formerly)
- Chauvelin
- Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
- Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
- Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Appearances
References
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Unity – Database: Club des Jacobins
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Assassin's Creed: Unity – Database: Jacobin Club
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Unity – Political Persecution
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Unity – A Dinner Engagement
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Assassin's Creed: Unity – [citation needed]
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Unity – The Jacobin Club
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Unity – Rise of the Assassin
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Assassin's Creed: Unity – The Fall of Robespierre
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Assassin's Creed: Unity – Jacobin Raid
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