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{{Location_Infobox|name =  Philippines (Las Islas Filipinas)|image = Philippine Flag.png|rulers = {{Wiki|President of the Philippines }}<br>{{Wiki|Congress of the Philippines }}|state = June 12, 1898|factions = [[Assassins]]<br>[[Templars]]<br>{{Wiki|Ilustrado}}<br>{{Wiki|Katipunan}}|founded = {{Wiki|The Filipino People}}|date = Formation of the Republic
{{Era|Locations}}{{WP-REAL}}
{{Country Infobox
|title1 = Philippines
|image1 = ACFT - Philippines map.png
|ethnic_groups = {{wiki|Tagalog people|Tagalog}}<br>{{wiki|Ilocano people|Ilocano}}<br>[[Visayans]]
*{{Wiki|Cebuano people|Cebuano}}
{{wiki|Bicolano people|Bicolano}}<br>{{Wiki|Ethnic groups in the Philippines|Other}}
|languages = {{wiki|Filipino language|Filipino}}<br>{{wiki|English language|English}}
|religion = [[Christianity]]<br>[[Islam]]
|demonym = Filipino
|current_state = {{wiki|Philippines|Republic of the Philippines}}
|capital = [[Manila]]
|region = [[Southeast Asia]]
|major_cities = {{Wiki|Quezon City}}<br>[[Cebu|Cebu City]]
}}
The '''Philippines''', officially the '''Republic of the Philippines''', is an archipelagic sovereign state in [[Southeast Asia]] composed of 7,641 islands that are situated in the {{wiki|South China Sea}}. The nation was formed after the indigenous states were conquered by the [[Spanish Empire]] and merged into a single colony, a united identity they retained after achieving independence from the Spanish and the [[United States|Americans]] who replaced them.<ref name="Wiki">{{WP|Philippines}}</ref>


• Independence from Spain declared
==History==
===Battle of Mactan===
In 1521, the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]] arrived on the island of [[Cebu]] in the Philippines to search for an [[Isu]] [[Piece of Eden|artifact]] he had tracked to the region. Magellan met with the island's leader [[Rajah Humabon]] and converted him and the local indigenous population to [[Christianity|Catholicism]], intending to turn Cebu into a colony of the [[Spanish Empire]].<ref name="EP 41">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 41|Episode 41]]</ref>


June 12, 1898
Magellan eventually located the Piece of Eden hidden on Cebu—a [[crescent amulet]]—but Humabon informed him that it was just a piece of a [[Southeast Asian Pieces of Eden|larger artifact]], with another fragment possessed by [[Mactan|Mactan Island]]'s chieftain [[Lapu-Lapu]]. Magellan subsequently led his forces to [[Battle of Mactan|invade]] Mactan and seize the Piece of Eden, but Lapu-Lapu used the artifact to repel the attack and kill Magellan.<ref name="EP 41" />


• Treaty of Paris (1898) / Spanish Cessionc
Though Magellan failed in his attempt to colonize the Philippines, the Spanish Empire would continue to send expeditions to the archipelago and eventually succeeded in occupying it in the latter half of the 16th century, establishing the {{Wiki|Spanish East Indies}}.<ref name="Wiki"/>


December 10, 1898
===Spanish colonial rule===
====Golden Age of Piracy====
Sometime in the early 18th century, the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] navigator [[Hendrik]], who was investigating Magellan's legend, visited the [[Basilica del Santo Niño]] in Cebu and met a [[monk]] who told him of Magellan's search for Isu artifacts and his fate. The monk made no mention of what had happened to the Pieces of Eden after Magellan's death, so Hendrik resolved to continue investigating by himself.<ref name="EP 41" /> He eventually found [[Lotus disk|one]] of the artifacts in the lost [[Khmer Empire|Khmer]] city of [[Angkor]] and left behind clues in his personal [[Hendrik's sea log|sea log]] before he was killed in [[Macau]].<ref name="EP 12">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 12|Episode 12]]</ref>


• Malolos Constitution / First Philippine Republic e
[[File:ACFT - Bustamante assassination.png|thumb|210px|Governor Bustamante's assassination]]
In 1719, [[Manila]]n supporters of {{Wiki|Archbishop of Manila|Archbishop}} [[Francisco de la Cuesta]], enraged at {{Wiki|Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General}} [[Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda]]'s orders to imprison him, stormed Bustamante's mansion and dragged him into the streets, where they killed him.<ref name="FT 51">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 51|Episode 51]]</ref>


January 21, 1899
In 1725, the [[British Brotherhood of Assassins|British Assassin]] [[Edward Kenway]], who had traveled to [[Southeast Asia]] in search of Angkor's Piece of Eden, was hired by a [[merchant]] to escort his trading vessel from Macau to [[Manila]]. Alongside his recently-established organization, the [[Zhawang Corporation|Zhang Wei Union]], Edward travelled to the Filipino capital to fulfill the contract. While in the city, Edward's friend [[John Young]] found evidence that the [[Templars]] were close to locating Angkor and were influencing companies such as the [[East India Company]] and the [[Far East Company]] to organize an expedition in {{Wiki|Indochina}}.<ref name="FT 24">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 24|Episode 24]]</ref>


• Tydings–McDuffie Act
After deciphering the contents of Hendrik's sea log and learning of the navigator's investigation into Magellan's story, the Zhang Wei Union's members sailed to the Philippines on the ''[[Fenghuang]]'' in order to follow Magellan's trail and find Angkor's treasure.<ref name="EP 41" /> Along the way, they fended off an attack by Admiral [[Zheng]]'s fleet and the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Assassins]] [[Xiao Han]], [[Liu Qing]], and [[Xue Yan]],<ref name="FT 49">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 49|Episode 49]]</ref> and ran into their ally [[Jan van Aert]], the [[Dutch East India Company]]'s chief navigator who wanted to accompany them on their expedition.<ref name="FT 50">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 50|Episode 50]]</ref>


March 24, 1934
[[File:ACFT - Manila riot.png|thumb|180px|left|Manila during the 1725 riot]]
However, the Spanish authorities soon arrested the Union members and Jan's crew and brought them to Manila due to Jan's alleged involvement in Governor Bustamante's [[assassination]] six years prior.<ref name="FT 50" /> The Union members were imprisoned on their ship under the watch of several guards, but managed to escape not long after.<ref name="FT 51" /> Taking advantage of a protest in the streets to infiltrate [[Fort Santiago]], Edward rescued Jan and his men from captivity. However, he then witnessed the protest turn into a violent [[1725 Manila riot|riot]], led by a [[Mad monk|monk]] who wielded the same crescent amulet found by Magellan.<ref name="FT 51" />


• Commonwealth of the 
Together with [[Shimazu Saito]], Edward went to confront the monk and take his amulet. They cornered him in an alley, but the monk used the Piece of Eden against them,<ref name="FT 52">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 52|Episode 52]]</ref> and Saito was defeated.<ref name="FT 54">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 54|Episode 54]]</ref> Edward was able to overcome the amulet's powers and cornered the monk,<ref name="FT 55">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 55|Episode 55]]</ref> but ultimately lost the artifact to [[Rajah]], the leader of a [[Visayans|Visayan]] resistance against the Spanish colonists.<ref name="FT 56">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 56|Episode 56]]</ref>


May 14, 1935
While Rajah killed the monk and escaped with the amulet, Edward and his fellow Union members were forced to flee Manila as the [[Spanish Army]] arrived in the city to quench the riot.<ref name="FT 56" /> Thanks to a distraction by Jan, who lured away the Spanish ships pursuing them, the ''Fenghuang'' was able to sail away to safety and resumed its voyage to Cebu.<ref name="FT 57">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 57|Episode 57]]</ref>


• Treaty of Manila / Independence from United States d
In the aftermath of the Manila riot, the Lieutenant Governor-General blamed the incident on the Dutch East India Company and was approached by the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] businesswoman [[Lee Huiyin|Madam Lee]] with a proposition. In exchange for Lee's company trading with the Spanish, the Lieutenant Governor granted her ships free passage to the Southern Seas. This allowed Lee's allies – Zheng and the Chinese Assassins – to continue their pursuit of the Zhang Wei Union in their race to find Angkor's treasure.<ref name="FT 58">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 58|Episode 58]]</ref>


July 4, 1946
[[File:ACFT - Celestial Chariot.png|thumb|180px|The Celestial Chariot flying over Monkey Island]]
Meanwhile, en route to Cebu, the Union members passed by [[Monkey Island]], which had been occupied by Rajah and his resistance,<ref name="FT 59">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 59|Episode 59]]</ref> who were engaged in a conflict with the island's Japanese settlers.<ref name="FT 64">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 64|Episode 64]]</ref> The native warriors used their [[fort]]'s artillery to trap the ''Fenghuang'', forcing [[Xialun Qing]] to use the [[Celestial Chariot]], a prototype [[hot air balloon]], to survey the island and locate the fort.<ref name="FT 60">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 60|Episode 60]]</ref> However, the balloon suffered a malfunction, forcing Qing to [[parachute]] onto the island.<ref name="FT 61">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 61|Episode 61]]</ref>


• Current constitution
Half of the ''Fenghuang''{{'}}s crew, led by Edward, went to the island to search for Qing,<ref name="FT 61" /> while the remaining Union members remained on the ship and fended off an attack by Rajah's men. Edward's expedition eventually found Qing in a village, whose inhabitants had rescued her from the jungle.<ref name="FT 62">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 62|Episode 62]]</ref> After learning that many villagers had been forcefully recruited to Rajah's resistance and brainwashed by the crescent amulet, Edward captured some of them to use in an assault on the resistance's fort, during which the stronghold was destroyed.<ref name="FT 64" />


February 2, 1987|landmark = {{Wiki|Rizal Park}}}}☀ The [[Philippines]], officially known as the '''Republic of the Philippines''', is a sovereign island country located in [https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjwzuHLubvUAhXJFpQKHfrDBJsQFggkMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSoutheast_Asia&usg=AFQjCNFSCZ-Fcz2TvBKtodUe7uXOp2Q8_Q Southeast Asia] situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Shortly after the Union members departed Monkey Island, its villages were ravaged by the Chinese Assassins and [[Shimazu clan]] [[ninja]] led by [[Fuma Sukuna]], who were searching for the amulet. Learning that Rajah and most of his resistance had left the island and sailed to Cebu, the Chinese Assassins decided to follow them.<ref name="FT 65">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 65|Episode 65]]</ref>


In 2014, interim [[Mentor]] of the [[Assassins|Assassin Order]] [[Gavin Banks]] decided to buy [[firearms]] from [[Emmanuel Barraza]]'s contact, a weapon supplier, to be prepared for the worst once they had arrived in [[Osaka]] to help the [[Japanese Assassins]].
The ''Fenghuang'' also followed Rajah's trail to Cebu, leading to Edward and Saito confronting the Visayan chief inside the Basilica del Santo Niño, where Hendrik had hidden a second sea log containing clues to Angkor's treasure.<ref name="FT 66">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 66|Episode 66]]</ref> Although Rajah managed to flee with the sea log, his plan to escape from the Cebu harbor was thwarted by John Young, who used the ''Fenghuang''{{'}}s [[cannon]]s to sink his fleet.<ref name="FT 67">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 67|Episode 67]]</ref>


== Etymology ==
[[File:ACFT - Rajah's defeat.png|thumb|200px|left|Edward Kenway defeating Rajah at Fort San Pedro]]
== History ==
Subsequently, Rajah and his men took over [[Fort San Pedro]], but after the rebels protested against Rajah's orders to execute the [[civilian]]s inside the fort, the Visayan chief killed them all in a blind rage. Moments later, Rajah was again confronted by Edward and Saito, who had used a second Celestial Chariot built by [[Yun Pyeong-Gyu]] to infiltrate the fort.<ref name="FT 69">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 69|Episode 69]]</ref> While Edward fought and defeated Rajah, taking the amulet from him, Saito recovered Hendrik's sea log.<ref name="FT 71">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 71|Episode 71]]</ref>
{{WP-REAL}}
 
=== Precolonial epoch ===
Some of the societies scattered in the islands of what would later become the Philippines remained isolated but many evolved into states that developed substantial trade and contacts with the peoples of eastern, southern and southeastern Asia; including those from Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan as well as other Austronesian islands.


The first millennium saw the rise of the port principalities and their growth into maritime states composed of autonomous barangays independent of or allied with larger nations which were either Malay Kedatuans led by Datus, tributary states to China ruled by Wangs or Indianized kingdoms governed by Rajahs.<sup>[51]</sup>
At the same time, the Chinese Assassins arrived in Cebu and confronted Edward and Saito at Fort San Pedro.<ref name="FT 72">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 72|Episode 72]]</ref> Edward used the amulet to subdue them, but Xue Yan stole the sea log from Saito, who was unable to recover it because she and Edward were forced to escape the city.<ref name="FT 73">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 73|Episode 73]]</ref> Regrouping with their fellow Union members, John assumed command of the ''Fenghuang''{{'}}s crew in lieu of Edward, who was recovering from the amulet's effects, and set a course for the [[Sultanate of Sulu]] to reconvene with Jan van Aert.<ref name="FT 74">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 74|Episode 74]]</ref>


The Kedatuan of Madja-as was founded following a civil war in collapsing Srivijaya, wherein loyalists of the Malay datus of Srivijaya defied the invading Chola Dynasty and its puppet-Rajah, called Makatunao, and set up a guerrilla-state in the islands of the Visayas. Its founding datu, Puti, had purchased land for his new realms from the aboriginal Ati hero, Marikudo.
En route to Sulu, the crew docked on an island to resupply, where they encountered a group of Japanese [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] hired by Fuma Sukuna to pursue them.<ref name="FT 80">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 80|Episode 80]]</ref> Saito managed to strike an alliance with the mercenaries and their leader, [[Nagamasa]],<ref name="FT 83">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 83|Episode 83]]</ref> who helped the Union members fight Sukuna and his ninja, as well as the [[Rattan Shield Company]] deployed by Madam Lee.<ref name="FT 84">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 84|Episode 84]]</ref> Saito ultimately killed Sukuna,<ref name="FT 85">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 85|Episode 85]]</ref> and the ''Fenghuang''{{'}}s crew resumed their voyage to Sulu.<ref name="FT 86">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 86|Episode 86]]</ref>


Madja-as was founded on Panay island (named after the destroyed state of Pannai allied under Srivijaya which was located in Sumatra). Afterwards, the people of Madja-as often raided the port cities of southern China and warred with the Chinese navy.
====Seven Years' War====
In 1742, the [[British Rite of the Templar Order|British Templar]] [[John Harrison]] was stationed in Manila to look for Isu [[Temple (Isu)|sites]] throughout Asia. Although unsuccessful in his search, the time there allowed Harrison to pick up the trail of the [[Precursor box]] once held by the Assassin [[Shao Jun]] and trace its journey out of [[China]] and into the [[Caribbean|West Indies]].<ref name="War Letter">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[War Letters]]: "The Manila Galleons"</ref>


The Rajahnate of Cebu was a neighbor of Madja-as in the Visayas led by Rajamuda Sri Lumay, a monarch with partial Tamil descent. This state grew wealthy by making use of the inter-island shipping within the archipelago.
When the [[Seven Years' War]] broke out between [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[Kingdom of France|France]] a decade later, the Templars sent agents to Manila to disrupt the interests of the Spanish presence in the city. As a result, Manila was conquered by the British, though it was returned to Spain a year after the war.<ref name="ACRG">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Shay Cormac's fleet]]: "Let Us Take Charge from Now On"</ref>


Meanwhile, the Rajahnate of Butuan in northeastern Mindanao attained prominence under the rule of Rajah Sri Bata Shaja, who was from a Buddhist ruling-class governing a Hindu nation. This state became powerful due to the local goldsmith industry and it also had commercial ties and a diplomatic rivalry with the Champa civilization. Both the Rajahnates of Butuan and Cebu also maintained contact and had trade routes with Kutai, a Hindu country in south Borneo established by Indian traders.<sup>[57]</sup>
===Struggle for independence===
[[File:ACFT - WW2 vision.png|thumb|170px|The Philippines during World War II]]
After three centuries of Spanish colonial rule, the Filipino people eventually waged a {{Wiki|Philippine Revolution|war of independence}} against the Spanish Empire at the end of the 19th century.<ref name="FT 70">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 70|Episode 70]]</ref> This revolution was entwined with the {{Wiki|Spanish–American War}}, at the end of which Spain ceded the territory of the Philippines to the [[United States]].<ref name="Wiki" />


The nation of Ma-i centered in Mindoro, was noted for its honesty and trust-worthiness in trade.<sup>[58]</sup> In northern Luzon, the Wangdom of Pangasinan under Wang Taymey, exported horses and silver to China, the Kingdom of Ryukyu and Japan.
The resulting {{Wiki|Philippine–American War}} saw the United States emerging victorious and occupying the Philippines until the {{Wiki|Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|Japanese invasion}} of the archipelago during [[World War II]].<ref name="FT 70" /> After the United States retook the Philippines from Japan in 1945, the country was finally granted its independence.<ref name="Wiki" />


In Luzon, the Kingdom of Tondo was ruled over by the Lakandula dynasty and the kingdom grew wealthy via the exclusive distribution-rights of Chinese goods which they marketed in southeast Asia. This was granted to them by the Ming Dynasty. The Yongle Emperor also instituted a Chinese governor on Luzon during Zheng He's voyages and appointed Ko Ch'a-lao to that position.
===Modern times===
In 2013, the Assassins' interim [[Assassin leader|leader]], [[Gavin Banks]], decided to buy [[firearm]]s from [[Emmanuel Barraza]]'s contact, a weapon supplier in the Philippines near the {{Wiki|Sulu Sea}}, to be prepared for the worst once they arrived in [[Osaka]] to assist the [[Japanese Brotherhood of Assassins|Japanese Assassins]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[Surveillance]]: "To the Teeth"</ref>


The 1300s saw the arrival and eventual spread of Islam in the Philippine archipelago. In 1380, Karim ul' Makdum and Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr, an Arab trader born in Johore, arrived in Sulu from Malacca and established the Sultanate of Sulu by converting Sulu's rajah, Rajah Baguinda Ali and marrying his daughter. At the end of the 15th century, Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan of Johor introduced Islam in the island of Mindanao and established the Sultanate of Maguindanao. The sultanate form of government extended further into Lanao.
In 2023, an [[Abstergo Industries]] team including [[Doctor]] [[Shimazu Sei]] and her bodyguard [[Yuki]] traveled to Cebu on the ''[[Exitus]]'' to track Edward Kenway's footsteps and locate the Piece of Eden he had found.<ref name="FT 42">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 42|Episode 42]]</ref> Alongside [[Noa Kim]], a descendant of Edward who had been abducted and forced to relive his ancestor's [[Genetic memory|genetic memories]], Sei and Yuki traveled around Cebu looking for leads. However, during their search, they were ambushed by [[Doom Eagle]], a criminal organization led by the Assassin [[Nathan Zhang]], who sought to rescue Noa.<ref name="FT 43">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 43|Episode 43]]</ref>


Around this time, the people of Luzon were collectively called Lucoes and they rose to prominence by participating in trading ventures and military campaigns in Myanmar, Malacca and East Timor where they were employed as traders and mercenaries.
[[File:ACFT - Doom Eagle ambush.png|thumb|190px|left|Doom Eagle ambushing the Abstergo convoy in Cebu]]
Despite managing to escape the ambush and head to a shopping mall, Noa, Sei and Yuki were again attacked by Doom Eagle, who injured Yuki in a shootout, forcing Noa and Sei to flee into the mall.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 44|Episode 44]]</ref> There, the former fought Nathan, who informed him of the truth regarding [[Noa Kim's father|his father]]'s Assassin affiliations.<ref name="FT 46">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 46|Episode 46]]</ref>


Islam then started to spread out of Mindanao in the south and went into Luzon in the north. Manila in Luzon was Islamized during the reign of Sultan Bolkiah in 1485 to 1521. This was accomplished because the Sultanate of Brunei subjugated the Kingdom of Tondo by defeating Rajah Gambang and thereafter installing the Muslim rajah, Rajah Sulaiman I to the throne and by establishing the Bruneian puppet-state of the Kingdom of Maynila.<sup>[74][75][76][77]</sup> Sultan Bolkiah also married Laila Mecana, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra to expand Brunei's influence in both Luzon and Mindanao.<sup>[78]</sup> The Muslims then proceeded to wage wars and conduct slave-raids against the Visayans.<sup>[79]</sup> Participating in the Muslim raids, the Sultanate of Ternate consequently destroyed the Kedatuan of Dapitan in Bohol.
With Abstergo's [[Sigma Team]] closing in, Nathan was forced to abort the rescue mission and escape, though not before giving Noa the sea log of the Zhang Wei Union's captain [[Mustafa|Rupiya]].<ref name="FT 46" /> Noa and Sei subsequently used the information from the journal to relive Edward's memories of his time in the Philippines.<ref name="FT 47">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple Episode 47|Episode 47]]</ref> This led them to discover the crescent amulet's location in the [[Strait of Malacca]], whereupon the ''Exitus'' sailed there to retrieve the Piece of Eden.<ref name="FT 74" />


Nevertheless, states like the animist Igorot, Malay Madja-as, Sinified Pangasinan, and Indianized Butuan still maintained their cultures. The rivalries between the datus, rajahs, wangs, sultans, and lakans eventually eased Spanish colonization. Furthermore, the islands were sparsely populated due to consistent natural disasters and inter-kingdom conflicts. Therefore, colonization was made easy and the small states of the archipelago quickly became incorporated into the Spanish Empire and were Hispanicized and Christianized.
==Appearances==
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' {{1stm}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' {{c|appears on map only}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' {{1st}}


=== Colonial era ===
==References==
In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan's expedition arrived in the Philippines, claimed the islands for Spain and was then killed at the Battle of Mactan. Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565 and formed the first Hispanic settlements in Cebu. After relocating to Panay island and consolidating a coalition of native Visayan allies, Hispanic soldiers and Latin-American mercenaries, the Spaniards then invaded Islamic Manila, therein they put down the Tondo Conspiracy and exiled the conspirators to Guam and Guerrero.<sup>[85]</sup> Under Spanish rule, they established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies (1571).
{{Scroll box|content={{Reflist|2}}}}
 
{{Initiates}}
They also defeated the Chinese-warlord Limahong. In response to the Islamic invasion of the Philippines, the Spanish then conducted the Castilian War which was aimed against the Sultanate of Brunei<sup>[89][90]</sup> and war was also waged against the Sultanate of Ternate and Tidore (in response to Ternatean slaving and piracy against Bohol and Butuan).<sup>[91]</sup> Fortifications were also set up in Taiwan and the Maluku islands. These were abandoned and the Spanish soldiers, along with the newly Christianized Papuan natives of the Moluccas, withdrew back to the Philippines in order to re-concentrate their military forces because of a threatened invasion by the Japan-born Ming-dynasty loyalist, Koxinga, ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning.<sup>[92]</sup> However, the planned invasion was aborted. Meanwhile, settlers were sent to the Pacific islands of Palau and the Marianas.
{{ACFT}}
 
<!--[zh:菲律宾]-->
Spanish rule eventually contributed significantly to bringing political unity to the fragmented states of the archipelago. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as a territory of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain and then was administered directly from Madrid after the Mexican War of Independence. The Manila galleons, the largest wooden ships ever built, were constructed in Bicol and Cavite.<sup>[94]</sup> The Manila galleons were accompanied with a large naval escort as it traveled to and from Manila and Acapulco.<sup>[95]</sup> The galleons sailed once or twice a year, between the 16th and 19th centuries.
[[Category:Philippines| ]]
 
Trade introduced foodstuff such as maize, tomatoes, potatoes, chili peppers, chocolate and pineapples from Mexico and Peru. Within the Philippines, the Marquisate of Buglas was established and rule of it was awarded to Sebastian Elcano and his crew, the survivors of the first circumnavigation of the world, as well as his descendants. New towns were also created<sup>[88]</sup> and Roman Catholic missionaries converted most of the lowland inhabitants to Christianity.<sup>[97]</sup> They also founded schools, a university, hospitals and churches which were built along the Earthquake Baroque architectural style.<sup>[98]</sup> The Spanish also decreed the introduction of free public schooling in 1863.<sup>[99]</sup> As a result of these policies the Philippine population increased exponentially.
 
During its rule, the Spanish quelled various indigenous revolts. There were several external military challenges from Chinese and Japanese pirates, the Dutch, the English, the Portuguese and the Muslims of Southeast Asia. Those challengers were fought-off despite the hostile forces having encircled the Philippine archipelago in a crescent formed from Japan to Indonesia. British forces occupied Manila from 1762 to 1764 in an extension of the fighting of the Seven Years' War. Spanish rule was restored following the 1763 Treaty of Paris. The Spanish–Moro conflict lasted for several hundred years. In the last quarter of the 19th century, Spain conquered portions of Mindanao and the Moro Muslims in the Sulu Sultanate formally recognized Spanish sovereignty.
 
In the 19th century, Philippine ports opened to world trade and shifts started occurring within Philippine society. Many Spaniards born in the Philippines (''criollos'') and those of mixed ancestry (''mestizos'') became wealthy and an influx of Latin American settlers opened up government positions traditionally held by Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula (''peninsulares''). The ideals of revolution also began to spread through the islands. ''Criollo'' dissatisfaction resulted in the 1872 Cavite Mutiny that was a precursor to the Philippine Revolution.
 
Revolutionary sentiments were stoked in 1872 after three priests—Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (collectively known as Gomburza)—were accused of sedition by colonial authorities and executed.<sup>[107][108]</sup> This would inspire a propaganda movement in Spain, organized by Marcelo H. del Pilar, José Rizal, and Mariano Ponce, lobbying for political reforms in the Philippines. Rizal was eventually executed on December 30, 1896, on charges of rebellion.<sup>[110]</sup> As attempts at reform met with resistance, Andrés Bonifacio in 1892 established the secret society called the Katipunan, who sought independence from Spain through armed revolt.
 
Bonifacio and the Katipunan started the Philippine Revolution in 1896. A faction of the Katipunan, the Magdalo of Cavite province, eventually came to challenge Bonifacio's position as the leader of the revolution and Emilio Aguinaldo took over. In 1898, the Spanish–American War began in Cuba and reached the Philippines. Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898, and the First Philippine Republic was established in the Barasoain Church in the following year.
 
The islands were ceded by Spain to the United States as a result of the latter's victory in the Spanish–American War.  A compensation of US$20 million was paid to Spain according to the terms of the 1898 Treaty of Paris. As it became increasingly clear the United States would not recognize the nascent First Philippine Republic, the Philippine–American War broke out, the First Republic was defeated, and the archipelago was administered under an Insular Government. The war resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of combatants as well as a couple of hundred thousand civilians, mostly from a cholera epidemic.
 
The Americans then suppressed other rebellious sub-states: mainly, the waning Sultanate of Sulu, as well as the insurgent Tagalog Republic, the Cantonal Republic of Negros in the Visayas, and the Republic of Zamboanga in Mindanao. During this era, a renaissance in Philippine culture occurred, with the expansion of Philippine cinema and literature. Daniel Burnham built an architectural plan for Manila which would have transformed it into a modern city. In 1935, the Philippines was granted Commonwealth status with Manuel Quezon as president. He designated a national language and introduced women's suffrage and land reform. Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by World War II when the Japanese Empire invaded and the Second Philippine Republic of José P. Laurel was established as a collaborator state.
 
Many atrocities and war crimes were committed during the war such as the Bataan Death March and the Manila massacre that culminated during the Battle of Manila. In 1944, Quezon died in exile in the United States and Sergio Osmeña succeeded him. The Allied Forces then employed a strategy of island hopping towards the Philippine Archipelago, in the process, retaking territory conquered by Imperial Japan.
 
From mid-1942 through mid-1944, the Filipino guerrilla resistance had been supplied and encouraged by U.S. Navy submarines and a few parachute drops, so that the guerrillas could harass the Japanese Army and take control of the rural areas, jungles and mountains – thus, the Japanese empire only controlled 12 out of 48 provinces. While remaining loyal to the United States, many Filipinos hoped and believed that liberation from the Japanese would bring them freedom and their already-promised independence.
 
Eventually, the largest naval battle in history, according to gross tonnage sunk, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, occurred when Allied forces started the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese Empire.  Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945. By the end of the war it is estimated that over a million Filipinos had died.
 
== Etymology ==
The Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte and Samar ''Felipinas'' after the then-Prince of Asturias. Eventually the name ''Las Islas Filipinas'' would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago.{{WP-REAL}}
 
==Reference==
 
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]''
 
 
 
[[Category:]]
[[Category:Countries in Asia]]
[[Category:Countries in Asia]]
[[Category:Island countries]]
[[Category:Island countries]]
[[Category:Philippines]]
[[Category:Former Spanish colonies]]

Latest revision as of 15:08, 14 May 2026

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic sovereign state in Southeast Asia composed of 7,641 islands that are situated in the South China Sea. The nation was formed after the indigenous states were conquered by the Spanish Empire and merged into a single colony, a united identity they retained after achieving independence from the Spanish and the Americans who replaced them.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

Battle of Mactan[edit | edit source]

In 1521, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived on the island of Cebu in the Philippines to search for an Isu artifact he had tracked to the region. Magellan met with the island's leader Rajah Humabon and converted him and the local indigenous population to Catholicism, intending to turn Cebu into a colony of the Spanish Empire.[2]

Magellan eventually located the Piece of Eden hidden on Cebu—a crescent amulet—but Humabon informed him that it was just a piece of a larger artifact, with another fragment possessed by Mactan Island's chieftain Lapu-Lapu. Magellan subsequently led his forces to invade Mactan and seize the Piece of Eden, but Lapu-Lapu used the artifact to repel the attack and kill Magellan.[2]

Though Magellan failed in his attempt to colonize the Philippines, the Spanish Empire would continue to send expeditions to the archipelago and eventually succeeded in occupying it in the latter half of the 16th century, establishing the Spanish East Indies.[1]

Spanish colonial rule[edit | edit source]

Golden Age of Piracy[edit | edit source]

Sometime in the early 18th century, the Dutch navigator Hendrik, who was investigating Magellan's legend, visited the Basilica del Santo Niño in Cebu and met a monk who told him of Magellan's search for Isu artifacts and his fate. The monk made no mention of what had happened to the Pieces of Eden after Magellan's death, so Hendrik resolved to continue investigating by himself.[2] He eventually found one of the artifacts in the lost Khmer city of Angkor and left behind clues in his personal sea log before he was killed in Macau.[3]

Governor Bustamante's assassination

In 1719, Manilan supporters of Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta, enraged at Governor-General Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda's orders to imprison him, stormed Bustamante's mansion and dragged him into the streets, where they killed him.[4]

In 1725, the British Assassin Edward Kenway, who had traveled to Southeast Asia in search of Angkor's Piece of Eden, was hired by a merchant to escort his trading vessel from Macau to Manila. Alongside his recently-established organization, the Zhang Wei Union, Edward travelled to the Filipino capital to fulfill the contract. While in the city, Edward's friend John Young found evidence that the Templars were close to locating Angkor and were influencing companies such as the East India Company and the Far East Company to organize an expedition in Indochina.[5]

After deciphering the contents of Hendrik's sea log and learning of the navigator's investigation into Magellan's story, the Zhang Wei Union's members sailed to the Philippines on the Fenghuang in order to follow Magellan's trail and find Angkor's treasure.[2] Along the way, they fended off an attack by Admiral Zheng's fleet and the Chinese Assassins Xiao Han, Liu Qing, and Xue Yan,[6] and ran into their ally Jan van Aert, the Dutch East India Company's chief navigator who wanted to accompany them on their expedition.[7]

Manila during the 1725 riot

However, the Spanish authorities soon arrested the Union members and Jan's crew and brought them to Manila due to Jan's alleged involvement in Governor Bustamante's assassination six years prior.[7] The Union members were imprisoned on their ship under the watch of several guards, but managed to escape not long after.[4] Taking advantage of a protest in the streets to infiltrate Fort Santiago, Edward rescued Jan and his men from captivity. However, he then witnessed the protest turn into a violent riot, led by a monk who wielded the same crescent amulet found by Magellan.[4]

Together with Shimazu Saito, Edward went to confront the monk and take his amulet. They cornered him in an alley, but the monk used the Piece of Eden against them,[8] and Saito was defeated.[9] Edward was able to overcome the amulet's powers and cornered the monk,[10] but ultimately lost the artifact to Rajah, the leader of a Visayan resistance against the Spanish colonists.[11]

While Rajah killed the monk and escaped with the amulet, Edward and his fellow Union members were forced to flee Manila as the Spanish Army arrived in the city to quench the riot.[11] Thanks to a distraction by Jan, who lured away the Spanish ships pursuing them, the Fenghuang was able to sail away to safety and resumed its voyage to Cebu.[12]

In the aftermath of the Manila riot, the Lieutenant Governor-General blamed the incident on the Dutch East India Company and was approached by the Qing businesswoman Madam Lee with a proposition. In exchange for Lee's company trading with the Spanish, the Lieutenant Governor granted her ships free passage to the Southern Seas. This allowed Lee's allies – Zheng and the Chinese Assassins – to continue their pursuit of the Zhang Wei Union in their race to find Angkor's treasure.[13]

The Celestial Chariot flying over Monkey Island

Meanwhile, en route to Cebu, the Union members passed by Monkey Island, which had been occupied by Rajah and his resistance,[14] who were engaged in a conflict with the island's Japanese settlers.[15] The native warriors used their fort's artillery to trap the Fenghuang, forcing Xialun Qing to use the Celestial Chariot, a prototype hot air balloon, to survey the island and locate the fort.[16] However, the balloon suffered a malfunction, forcing Qing to parachute onto the island.[17]

Half of the Fenghuang's crew, led by Edward, went to the island to search for Qing,[17] while the remaining Union members remained on the ship and fended off an attack by Rajah's men. Edward's expedition eventually found Qing in a village, whose inhabitants had rescued her from the jungle.[18] After learning that many villagers had been forcefully recruited to Rajah's resistance and brainwashed by the crescent amulet, Edward captured some of them to use in an assault on the resistance's fort, during which the stronghold was destroyed.[15]

Shortly after the Union members departed Monkey Island, its villages were ravaged by the Chinese Assassins and Shimazu clan ninja led by Fuma Sukuna, who were searching for the amulet. Learning that Rajah and most of his resistance had left the island and sailed to Cebu, the Chinese Assassins decided to follow them.[19]

The Fenghuang also followed Rajah's trail to Cebu, leading to Edward and Saito confronting the Visayan chief inside the Basilica del Santo Niño, where Hendrik had hidden a second sea log containing clues to Angkor's treasure.[20] Although Rajah managed to flee with the sea log, his plan to escape from the Cebu harbor was thwarted by John Young, who used the Fenghuang's cannons to sink his fleet.[21]

Edward Kenway defeating Rajah at Fort San Pedro

Subsequently, Rajah and his men took over Fort San Pedro, but after the rebels protested against Rajah's orders to execute the civilians inside the fort, the Visayan chief killed them all in a blind rage. Moments later, Rajah was again confronted by Edward and Saito, who had used a second Celestial Chariot built by Yun Pyeong-Gyu to infiltrate the fort.[22] While Edward fought and defeated Rajah, taking the amulet from him, Saito recovered Hendrik's sea log.[23]

At the same time, the Chinese Assassins arrived in Cebu and confronted Edward and Saito at Fort San Pedro.[24] Edward used the amulet to subdue them, but Xue Yan stole the sea log from Saito, who was unable to recover it because she and Edward were forced to escape the city.[25] Regrouping with their fellow Union members, John assumed command of the Fenghuang's crew in lieu of Edward, who was recovering from the amulet's effects, and set a course for the Sultanate of Sulu to reconvene with Jan van Aert.[26]

En route to Sulu, the crew docked on an island to resupply, where they encountered a group of Japanese mercenaries hired by Fuma Sukuna to pursue them.[27] Saito managed to strike an alliance with the mercenaries and their leader, Nagamasa,[28] who helped the Union members fight Sukuna and his ninja, as well as the Rattan Shield Company deployed by Madam Lee.[29] Saito ultimately killed Sukuna,[30] and the Fenghuang's crew resumed their voyage to Sulu.[31]

Seven Years' War[edit | edit source]

In 1742, the British Templar John Harrison was stationed in Manila to look for Isu sites throughout Asia. Although unsuccessful in his search, the time there allowed Harrison to pick up the trail of the Precursor box once held by the Assassin Shao Jun and trace its journey out of China and into the West Indies.[32]

When the Seven Years' War broke out between Britain and France a decade later, the Templars sent agents to Manila to disrupt the interests of the Spanish presence in the city. As a result, Manila was conquered by the British, though it was returned to Spain a year after the war.[33]

Struggle for independence[edit | edit source]

The Philippines during World War II

After three centuries of Spanish colonial rule, the Filipino people eventually waged a war of independence against the Spanish Empire at the end of the 19th century.[34] This revolution was entwined with the Spanish–American War, at the end of which Spain ceded the territory of the Philippines to the United States.[1]

The resulting Philippine–American War saw the United States emerging victorious and occupying the Philippines until the Japanese invasion of the archipelago during World War II.[34] After the United States retook the Philippines from Japan in 1945, the country was finally granted its independence.[1]

Modern times[edit | edit source]

In 2013, the Assassins' interim leader, Gavin Banks, decided to buy firearms from Emmanuel Barraza's contact, a weapon supplier in the Philippines near the Sulu Sea, to be prepared for the worst once they arrived in Osaka to assist the Japanese Assassins.[35]

In 2023, an Abstergo Industries team including Doctor Shimazu Sei and her bodyguard Yuki traveled to Cebu on the Exitus to track Edward Kenway's footsteps and locate the Piece of Eden he had found.[36] Alongside Noa Kim, a descendant of Edward who had been abducted and forced to relive his ancestor's genetic memories, Sei and Yuki traveled around Cebu looking for leads. However, during their search, they were ambushed by Doom Eagle, a criminal organization led by the Assassin Nathan Zhang, who sought to rescue Noa.[37]

Doom Eagle ambushing the Abstergo convoy in Cebu

Despite managing to escape the ambush and head to a shopping mall, Noa, Sei and Yuki were again attacked by Doom Eagle, who injured Yuki in a shootout, forcing Noa and Sei to flee into the mall.[38] There, the former fought Nathan, who informed him of the truth regarding his father's Assassin affiliations.[39]

With Abstergo's Sigma Team closing in, Nathan was forced to abort the rescue mission and escape, though not before giving Noa the sea log of the Zhang Wei Union's captain Rupiya.[39] Noa and Sei subsequently used the information from the journal to relive Edward's memories of his time in the Philippines.[40] This led them to discover the crescent amulet's location in the Strait of Malacca, whereupon the Exitus sailed there to retrieve the Piece of Eden.[26]

Appearances[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Philippines on Wikipedia
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 41
  3. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 12
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 51
  5. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 24
  6. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 49
  7. 7.0 7.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 50
  8. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 52
  9. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 54
  10. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 55
  11. 11.0 11.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 56
  12. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 57
  13. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 58
  14. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 59
  15. 15.0 15.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 64
  16. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 60
  17. 17.0 17.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 61
  18. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 62
  19. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 65
  20. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 66
  21. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 67
  22. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 69
  23. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 71
  24. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 72
  25. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 73
  26. 26.0 26.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 74
  27. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 80
  28. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 83
  29. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 84
  30. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 85
  31. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 86
  32. Assassin's Creed: RogueWar Letters: "The Manila Galleons"
  33. Assassin's Creed: RogueShay Cormac's fleet: "Let Us Take Charge from Now On"
  34. 34.0 34.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 70
  35. Assassin's Creed: InitiatesSurveillance: "To the Teeth"
  36. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 42
  37. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 43
  38. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 44
  39. 39.0 39.1 Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 46
  40. Assassin's Creed: Forgotten TempleEpisode 47