Crusaders: Difference between revisions
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{{Era|Organizations}} | |||
{{Youmay|the military force|[[Crusader|the Animi Avatar]]}} | |||
{{Faction Infobox | {{Faction Infobox | ||
| | |founder=[[Papacy|Pope]] [[Urban II]] | ||
|headquarters=[[Acre]] {{c|1191}} | |||
|related=Papacy<br>[[Knights Templar]]<br>[[Knights Hospitalier]]<br>[[Teutonic Knights]] | |||
|religion=[[Christianity]] | |||
|active=1095 – 1291 | |||
| | }} | ||
| | The '''Crusaders''' were [[Europe]]ans who undertook the call-to-arms by the [[Papacy]] to participate in the [[Crusades]], a series of religious wars enacted against the enemies of the {{Wiki|Latin Church}}. | ||
}}'''Crusaders''' | |||
The first three, and most prominent, of these conflicts involved military expeditions against the [[Islam]]ic rulers of the [[Kingdom|Holy Land]], aiming to forcefully claim it in the name of [[Christianity]]. While a majority of Crusaders served personally in the armies of the kingdoms of Europe, the most iconic were members of a number of Christian military orders who worked in unison with these European kingdoms. These orders were largely founded in the Holy Land itself, ostensibly to protect Christian pilgrims. Amongst their number were counted knightly orders such as the [[Knights Hospitalier]], the [[Knights Teutonic]], and the [[Knights Templar]]. | |||
[[ | |||
The last was only a public front for the shadowy organization which in antiquity operated under the name the [[Order of the Ancients]]. By the time of the [[Third Crusade]], the name "Templar" had been popularized for and become synonymous with this covert group among those in the know of their activities. They seeded their members into various factions; the [[Saracens]] notwithstanding, this included the other two Crusader orders. The Crusaders and their operations were therefore closely linked with those of the Templar Order. Prominent Hospitaller and Teutonic leaders sometimes held dual membership with the Templar Order, albeit keeping their second affiliation secret. | |||
== | ==History== | ||
===Establishment=== | |||
The first Crusader armies were formed by [[Christianity|Christian]] knights from Western Europe who offered themselves to the cause declared by Pope Urban II.<ref name="Western Civilization">Spielvogel, Jackson J. "The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power. ''Western Civilization''. 11th edition, Cengage Learning, 2018, pp. 267–297.</ref> In the [[First Crusade]], these armies consisted of a hodgepodge of [[soldier]]s from a wide range of feudal states serving under nobles appointed as commanders by the Pope.<ref name="Asbridge 2004">Asbridge, Thomas. ''The First Crusade: A New History''. Oxford, 2004.</ref> | |||
At that time in 1096,<ref name="Western Civilization" /> [[Bernard de Clairvaux]] had not yet begun masquerading his secret organization as a Christian chivalric order, the Order of the Knights Templar, an event which would officially occur in 1129.<ref name="Abstergo File 2">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Abstergo Files#2|Abstergo Files: "File.0.02\Hst_Beginning"]]</ref> By the [[Third Crusade]], however, the Templars had become one of the preeminent Crusading factions alongside the Knights Hospitaller and the Teutonic Knights, forming their own militaries ostensibly to protect Christian pilgrims.<ref name="AC">''[[Assassin's Creed]]''</ref> | |||
===Third Crusade=== | |||
{{Main|Third Crusade}} | |||
By the year 1191, the Crusaders were commanded by [[Richard I of England]]—better known as Richard the Lionheart—who sought to reclaim [[Jerusalem]] during the [[Third Crusade]]. The Crusaders won a number of battles at [[Acre]], [[Arsuf]], and Jaffa, yet they ultimately failed to capture Jerusalem. Later, King Richard made peace with the Saracen ruler, [[Saladin]], on the condition that Christians pilgrims be allowed to freely visit Jerusalem.<ref>{{WP|Third Crusade}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Mentor's keeper 5.png|250px|thumb|left|Templars attacking Masyaf in 1189]] | |||
The Knights Templar, who were a part of the Crusader army, besieged the [[Assassins|Assassin]] fortress at [[Masyaf]] twice during the Third Crusade, although both attempts ended in failure. The [[Assault on Masyaf|first attack]], in the year 1189, was led by the Templar [[Haras]], who was a part of the Assassin Order until he betrayed them, hoping to locate the [[Apple of Eden 2|Apple of Eden]]. The [[Defense of Masyaf|second]], in 1191, was led by the Templar [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] himself, [[Robert de Sablé]]. In all, both sieges were quelled due to the efforts of the Assassin [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]].<ref name="AC" /><ref name="ACR">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref> | |||
By the year 1191, the Crusaders had conquered the cities of Jaffa and Acre and were on the march towards Jerusalem. During this time, Crusader troops could be found patrolling through the [[Kingdom|wilderness]] that divided the cities of Acre, [[Damascus]] and Jerusalem.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
The same year, Altaïr set out to [[Hunt for the Nine|eliminate]] several corrupt men, who were secretly Templars. Several of these men were important Crusaders and Saracens, which almost led to the two factions uniting in order to destroy their common enemy. To prevent this, Altaïr set out to assassinate the Templar Grand Master, Robert de Sablé, and succeeded in killing him after a long duel, during the [[Battle of Arsuf]]. He then explained to Richard that the Templars were traitors to his army,<ref name="AC" /> although the Order was allowed to continue operating in the [[Levant]], even purchasing the island of [[Cyprus]], which became their main stronghold in the region for a time.<ref name="ACBL">''[[Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines]]''</ref> | |||
The | |||
==Knightly orders== | |||
In addition to Crusaders that served under the Kingdom of [[France]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and the Kingdom of [[England]]—the last of whom were commonly called Lionheart Crusaders after the epithet of their king, [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]]<ref name="ACGuide">''[[Assassin's Creed: Official Game Guide]]''</ref>—there were a number of independent military orders founded in the Holy Land. Three of these, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitalier, and the Knights Teutonic, became the iconic face of the Crusaders.<ref name="AC" /> The majority of Knights Hospitalier were themselves composed of Frenchmen and the Teutonic Knights, Germans.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
===Knights Templar=== | |||
{{Main|Templars}} | |||
[[File:AC1 Flags Acre Templar.png|thumb|200px|Flag of the Knights Templar]] | |||
Throughout history, the Templars had existed in one form or another, and during the Crusades, they felt the need for support from the Catholic Church. With this, they turned into a monastic-military organisation, with the stated objective of protecting pilgrims in the Holy Land.<ref name="ACGuide" /> | |||
However, their actual objective was to look for the [[Piece of Eden|Pieces of Eden]], one of which they found in the [[Solomon's Temple|Temple of Solomon]] in Jerusalem, and also to eliminate the influence of their sworn enemies, the Assassins.<ref name="AC" /><ref name="ACGuide" /> | |||
In regards to leadership, by the year 1191, they were led by Robert de Sablé, who was responsible for finding the Apple of Eden in Solomon's Temple. He planned to conquer the Holy Land from the Muslims and then drive out the other Crusaders as well, in order to end the war. Leaders of both the other major knightly factions, several important Saracen individuals, and even the leader of the Assassins, [[Al Mualim]], were involved in this goal.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
====Templar Knights==== | |||
The Templars had well trained knights who were posted throughout the Holy Land, in Crusader and Saracen cities alike. They wore similar armor to Guard Captains, though their armor sported a red cross on a white background, instead of the prancing lion, which was the usual Crusader symbol.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
=== | They were highly skilled and aggressive fighters, often breaking their enemy's defense with ease. Templar Knights would never run away from a fight, and would also choose to fight to the death. In total, there were at least sixty such knights, all of whom were killed by the Assassin Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad].<ref name="AC" /> | ||
The | |||
===Knights Hospitalier=== | |||
{{Main|Knights Hospitalier}} | |||
[[File:AC1 Flags Acre Hospitalier.png|thumb|200px|Flag of the Knights Hospitalier]] | |||
The Knights Hospitalier, also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of [[Rhodes]] and of [[Malta]], the Order of St. John, the Knights of the Hospital, and the Chevaliers of Malta, were one of the Christian orders of the Crusades.<ref name="ACGuide" /> Their emblem was a white cross, often on a black or red background.<ref name="AC" /><ref name="ACGuide" /> | |||
The Knights Hospitalier were founded in the city of Jerusalem to provide care for poor, sick or injured pilgrims to the Holy Land, but became a much more militaristic organization with the onset of the Crusades.<ref name="ACGuide" /> | |||
By the year 1191, the [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitalier]] was [[Garnier de Naplouse]], secretly also a Templar. After the Templars had lost the Apple of Eden to the Assassins, Garnier began experimenting on his sick patients with herbs, to try and replicate the mind-controlling effects of the Apple.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
===Teutonic Knights=== | |||
{{Main|Knights Teutonic}} | |||
[[File:AC1 Flags Acre Teutonic.png|thumb|200px|Flag of the Teutonic Knights]] | |||
The Order of Brothers of the [[Germany|German]] House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, more commonly known as the Teutonic Knights, were a monastic-military order of German origin that participated in the Third Crusade.<ref name="ACGuide" /> Their emblem was a black cross against a white background.<ref name="AC" /><ref name="ACGuide" /> | |||
During the Crusade, the Teutonic Order aided King Richard I of England in the conquest of Acre, and were later positioned in the city's Middle District.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
The first [[Grand Master of the Knights Teutonic]], [[Sibrand]], was also secretly a member of the Templar Order, and he planned to use the Crusader fleet in Acre to blockade the city and prevent the European kingdoms from sending reinforcements, allowing the Templars to conquer the Holy Land.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
==Soldiers== | |||
{{Main|Soldier#High Middle Ages|Guards}} | |||
By 1191, the Crusaders controlled the city of Acre and had guards stationed throughout the Kingdom, the region between Acre, Jerusalem, Masyaf, and Damascus.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
===Regular guards=== | |||
Regular guards were the most commonly found Crusader guards throughout the Holy Land. They wore no helmets and had only padded armor, called a gambeson or aketon. Being the weakest Crusader guards, though their strength lay in numbers. They were also the most cowardly guards and would flee when their opponent began to triumph over them.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
===Guard sergeants=== | |||
Guard sergeants were equipped with chainmail, tabards and wore a helmet, and were often found leading guard patrols, as well as having more combat experience than regular soldiers. They were also braver than the regular guards, but would still flee from an opponent if they killed several higher ranking guards.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
===Guard Captains=== | |||
Captains were the strongest guards, and wore chainmail armor with tabards, surcoats, splinted mail gauntlets and various knight helms. They would rarely run away from a fight and could present a challenge to even the toughest fighters.<ref name="AC" /> | |||
==Behind the scenes== | |||
The knights in the [[Helix]] [[Rifts|Rift]] [[Helix Rift Event|Event]] titled ''[[The Eagle's Shadow]]'' were mislabeled since its August 2019 debut, with the Hospitaliers and Templars wearing each others' robes, until it was patched out and fixed in Update 3.0.0.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://forums.ubisoft.com/showthread.php/2325105 |title= Update Notes - Version 3.0.0| author="Ubi-Bunny"| date=4 March 2021| publisher=''Ubisoft Forums''| accessdate= 9 March 2021}}</ref> | |||
==Gallery== | |||
<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180"> | |||
AC1 Flags Richard.png|The flag of Richard's Crusade troops | |||
AC1_Crusader_Soldier.png|A Lionheart soldier | |||
AC1_Crusader_Sergeant.png|A Lionheart sergeant | |||
AC1_Crusader_Captain.png|A Lionheart captain | |||
AC1 Teutonic Soldier.png|A Teutonic soldier | |||
AC1 Teutonic Sergeant.png|A Teutonic sergeant | |||
AC1 Teutonic Captain.png|A Teutonic captain | |||
AC1 Hospitalier Soldier.png|A Hospitalier soldier | |||
AC1 Hospitalier Sergeant.png|A Hospitalier sergeant | |||
AC1 Hospitalier Captain.png|A Hospitalier captain | |||
AC1-Templar-Knight.png|A Templar knight | |||
Haras.png|Haras, the leader of the Assault on Masyaf | |||
Siege of Masyaf Templars.png|Robert de Sablé and his Templar army in Masyaf | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Appearances== | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' {{1st}} | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Memories]]'' {{Imo}} | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]'' | |||
**''[[The Eagle's Shadow]]'' | |||
**''[[Echoes Through the Animus]]'' | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
{{Templars nav}} | |||
{{ACAC}} | |||
{{AC}} | |||
<!--[pl:Krzyżowcy] | |||
[fr:Croisés]--> | |||
[[Category:Crusaders]] | |||
[[Category:Military forces]] | |||
[[Category:Templar-affiliated groups]] | |||
Latest revision as of 01:31, 12 May 2026
| This article is about the military force. You may be looking for the Animi Avatar. |
The Crusaders were Europeans who undertook the call-to-arms by the Papacy to participate in the Crusades, a series of religious wars enacted against the enemies of the Latin Church.
The first three, and most prominent, of these conflicts involved military expeditions against the Islamic rulers of the Holy Land, aiming to forcefully claim it in the name of Christianity. While a majority of Crusaders served personally in the armies of the kingdoms of Europe, the most iconic were members of a number of Christian military orders who worked in unison with these European kingdoms. These orders were largely founded in the Holy Land itself, ostensibly to protect Christian pilgrims. Amongst their number were counted knightly orders such as the Knights Hospitalier, the Knights Teutonic, and the Knights Templar.
The last was only a public front for the shadowy organization which in antiquity operated under the name the Order of the Ancients. By the time of the Third Crusade, the name "Templar" had been popularized for and become synonymous with this covert group among those in the know of their activities. They seeded their members into various factions; the Saracens notwithstanding, this included the other two Crusader orders. The Crusaders and their operations were therefore closely linked with those of the Templar Order. Prominent Hospitaller and Teutonic leaders sometimes held dual membership with the Templar Order, albeit keeping their second affiliation secret.
History[edit | edit source]
Establishment[edit | edit source]
The first Crusader armies were formed by Christian knights from Western Europe who offered themselves to the cause declared by Pope Urban II.[1] In the First Crusade, these armies consisted of a hodgepodge of soldiers from a wide range of feudal states serving under nobles appointed as commanders by the Pope.[2]
At that time in 1096,[1] Bernard de Clairvaux had not yet begun masquerading his secret organization as a Christian chivalric order, the Order of the Knights Templar, an event which would officially occur in 1129.[3] By the Third Crusade, however, the Templars had become one of the preeminent Crusading factions alongside the Knights Hospitaller and the Teutonic Knights, forming their own militaries ostensibly to protect Christian pilgrims.[4]
Third Crusade[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Third Crusade
By the year 1191, the Crusaders were commanded by Richard I of England—better known as Richard the Lionheart—who sought to reclaim Jerusalem during the Third Crusade. The Crusaders won a number of battles at Acre, Arsuf, and Jaffa, yet they ultimately failed to capture Jerusalem. Later, King Richard made peace with the Saracen ruler, Saladin, on the condition that Christians pilgrims be allowed to freely visit Jerusalem.[5]
The Knights Templar, who were a part of the Crusader army, besieged the Assassin fortress at Masyaf twice during the Third Crusade, although both attempts ended in failure. The first attack, in the year 1189, was led by the Templar Haras, who was a part of the Assassin Order until he betrayed them, hoping to locate the Apple of Eden. The second, in 1191, was led by the Templar Grand Master himself, Robert de Sablé. In all, both sieges were quelled due to the efforts of the Assassin Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad.[4][6]
By the year 1191, the Crusaders had conquered the cities of Jaffa and Acre and were on the march towards Jerusalem. During this time, Crusader troops could be found patrolling through the wilderness that divided the cities of Acre, Damascus and Jerusalem.[4]
The same year, Altaïr set out to eliminate several corrupt men, who were secretly Templars. Several of these men were important Crusaders and Saracens, which almost led to the two factions uniting in order to destroy their common enemy. To prevent this, Altaïr set out to assassinate the Templar Grand Master, Robert de Sablé, and succeeded in killing him after a long duel, during the Battle of Arsuf. He then explained to Richard that the Templars were traitors to his army,[4] although the Order was allowed to continue operating in the Levant, even purchasing the island of Cyprus, which became their main stronghold in the region for a time.[7]
Knightly orders[edit | edit source]
In addition to Crusaders that served under the Kingdom of France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Kingdom of England—the last of whom were commonly called Lionheart Crusaders after the epithet of their king, Richard the Lionheart[8]—there were a number of independent military orders founded in the Holy Land. Three of these, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitalier, and the Knights Teutonic, became the iconic face of the Crusaders.[4] The majority of Knights Hospitalier were themselves composed of Frenchmen and the Teutonic Knights, Germans.[4]
Knights Templar[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Templars
Throughout history, the Templars had existed in one form or another, and during the Crusades, they felt the need for support from the Catholic Church. With this, they turned into a monastic-military organisation, with the stated objective of protecting pilgrims in the Holy Land.[8]
However, their actual objective was to look for the Pieces of Eden, one of which they found in the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, and also to eliminate the influence of their sworn enemies, the Assassins.[4][8]
In regards to leadership, by the year 1191, they were led by Robert de Sablé, who was responsible for finding the Apple of Eden in Solomon's Temple. He planned to conquer the Holy Land from the Muslims and then drive out the other Crusaders as well, in order to end the war. Leaders of both the other major knightly factions, several important Saracen individuals, and even the leader of the Assassins, Al Mualim, were involved in this goal.[4]
Templar Knights[edit | edit source]
The Templars had well trained knights who were posted throughout the Holy Land, in Crusader and Saracen cities alike. They wore similar armor to Guard Captains, though their armor sported a red cross on a white background, instead of the prancing lion, which was the usual Crusader symbol.[4]
They were highly skilled and aggressive fighters, often breaking their enemy's defense with ease. Templar Knights would never run away from a fight, and would also choose to fight to the death. In total, there were at least sixty such knights, all of whom were killed by the Assassin Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad].[4]
Knights Hospitalier[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Knights Hospitalier
The Knights Hospitalier, also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, the Order of St. John, the Knights of the Hospital, and the Chevaliers of Malta, were one of the Christian orders of the Crusades.[8] Their emblem was a white cross, often on a black or red background.[4][8]
The Knights Hospitalier were founded in the city of Jerusalem to provide care for poor, sick or injured pilgrims to the Holy Land, but became a much more militaristic organization with the onset of the Crusades.[8]
By the year 1191, the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitalier was Garnier de Naplouse, secretly also a Templar. After the Templars had lost the Apple of Eden to the Assassins, Garnier began experimenting on his sick patients with herbs, to try and replicate the mind-controlling effects of the Apple.[4]
Teutonic Knights[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Knights Teutonic
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, more commonly known as the Teutonic Knights, were a monastic-military order of German origin that participated in the Third Crusade.[8] Their emblem was a black cross against a white background.[4][8]
During the Crusade, the Teutonic Order aided King Richard I of England in the conquest of Acre, and were later positioned in the city's Middle District.[4]
The first Grand Master of the Knights Teutonic, Sibrand, was also secretly a member of the Templar Order, and he planned to use the Crusader fleet in Acre to blockade the city and prevent the European kingdoms from sending reinforcements, allowing the Templars to conquer the Holy Land.[4]
Soldiers[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Guards
By 1191, the Crusaders controlled the city of Acre and had guards stationed throughout the Kingdom, the region between Acre, Jerusalem, Masyaf, and Damascus.[4]
Regular guards[edit | edit source]
Regular guards were the most commonly found Crusader guards throughout the Holy Land. They wore no helmets and had only padded armor, called a gambeson or aketon. Being the weakest Crusader guards, though their strength lay in numbers. They were also the most cowardly guards and would flee when their opponent began to triumph over them.[4]
Guard sergeants[edit | edit source]
Guard sergeants were equipped with chainmail, tabards and wore a helmet, and were often found leading guard patrols, as well as having more combat experience than regular soldiers. They were also braver than the regular guards, but would still flee from an opponent if they killed several higher ranking guards.[4]
Guard Captains[edit | edit source]
Captains were the strongest guards, and wore chainmail armor with tabards, surcoats, splinted mail gauntlets and various knight helms. They would rarely run away from a fight and could present a challenge to even the toughest fighters.[4]
Behind the scenes[edit | edit source]
The knights in the Helix Rift Event titled The Eagle's Shadow were mislabeled since its August 2019 debut, with the Hospitaliers and Templars wearing each others' robes, until it was patched out and fixed in Update 3.0.0.[9]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
-
The flag of Richard's Crusade troops -
A Lionheart soldier -
A Lionheart sergeant -
A Lionheart captain -
A Teutonic soldier -
A Teutonic sergeant -
A Teutonic captain -
A Hospitalier soldier -
A Hospitalier sergeant -
A Hospitalier captain -
A Templar knight -
Haras, the leader of the Assault on Masyaf -
Robert de Sablé and his Templar army in Masyaf
Appearances[edit | edit source]
- Assassin's Creed (first appearance)
- Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles
- Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines
- Assassin's Creed II
- Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade
- Assassin's Creed: Revelations
- Assassin's Creed: Memories (indirect mention only)
- Assassin's Creed: Rebellion
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Spielvogel, Jackson J. "The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power. Western Civilization. 11th edition, Cengage Learning, 2018, pp. 267–297.
- ↑ Asbridge, Thomas. The First Crusade: A New History. Oxford, 2004.
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Abstergo Files: "File.0.02\Hst_Beginning"
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Assassin's Creed
- ↑
Third Crusade on Wikipedia
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Assassin's Creed: Official Game Guide
- ↑ "Ubi-Bunny" (4 March 2021). Update Notes - Version 3.0.0. Ubisoft Forums. Retrieved on 9 March 2021.
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