Abbasid Caliphate: Difference between revisions
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The '''Abbasid Caliphate''', also known as the '''[[Arabia|Arabian Empire]]''',<ref name="Dynasty 1" /> was the third caliphate, an [[Islam]]ic state regarded as succeeding the prophet | The '''Abbasid Caliphate''', also known as the '''[[Arabia|Arabian Empire]]''',<ref name="Dynasty 1" /> was the third caliphate, an [[Islam]]ic state regarded as succeeding the prophet [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Wikipedia">{{WP|Abbasid Caliphate}}</ref> It was established in 750 in the wake of a [[Abbasid Revolution|revolution]] against the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. Because their banners were black, they were known to the [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] as the '''"Black Arabs"''' (黑衣大食).<ref name="Dynasty 8">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 1)]]</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Abbasids were descended from {{Wiki|Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib}}, who was an uncle of Muhammad. This lineage gained them a number of influence and, with their powerful military,<ref name="Loading Screen">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – Loading Screen: The Abbasids</ref> the Abbasids overthrow the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] during the | The Abbasids were descended from {{Wiki|Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib}}, who was an uncle of Muhammad. This lineage gained them a number of influence and, with their powerful military,<ref name="Loading Screen">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – Loading Screen: The Abbasids</ref> the Abbasids overthrow the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] during the [[Abbasid Revolution]] from 747 to 750, installing [[Abul Abbas As-Saffah]] as the first caliph of the new empire.<ref name="Wikipedia" /> | ||
Almost immediately upon being installed on the throne, As-Saffah turned against his supporters in brutal purges,<ref name="Foltz 2016">Foltz, Richard. (2016). "The Iranization of Islam". ''Iran in World History''. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 45-59.</ref> and he was subsequently branded with the pejorative epithet of "Bloodshedder" from his enemies such as the [[Hidden Ones]].<ref name="Dynasty 9">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 2)]]</ref> | Almost immediately upon being installed on the throne, As-Saffah turned against his supporters in brutal purges,<ref name="Foltz 2016">Foltz, Richard. (2016). "The Iranization of Islam". ''Iran in World History''. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 45-59.</ref> and he was subsequently branded with the pejorative epithet of "Bloodshedder" from his enemies such as the [[Hidden Ones]].<ref name="Dynasty 9">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 2)]]</ref> | ||
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The long period of Abbasid rule is often remembered as the [[Islamic Golden Age]] for being a zenith of scientific and artistic flowering across the Islamic world.<ref name="Spielvogel 2005">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2005). ''Discovering Our Past - California Edition: Medieval And Early Modern Times''. New York: Glencoe Publishing.</ref> Eventually, Abbasid power declined, and their control was reduced to only the territory around their capital of [[Baghdad]] by the time of the [[Crusades]] although their caliphs continued to wield spiritual prestige. In 1258,<ref name="Wikipedia"/> [[Hülegü Khan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] [[Sack of Baghdad|sacked]] the city of [[Baghdad]],<ref name="RevNovelCh76">[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' (novel)]] – Chapter 76</ref> spelling an apocalyptic end to not just Abbasid cultural power but to the intellectual advances of Islamic society, as the city's philosophers and scientists were exterminated and its libraries and academies razed to the ground. The Abbasid Caliphate survived for a time in [[Egypt]] under the protection of the [[Mamluk Sultanate]], although with little-to-none of their former spiritual authority and largely relegated to crowning the new Sultan, until finally the Mamluk Sultanate fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 and the Ottoman Sultans claimed the caliphate for themselves.<ref name="Wikipedia" /> | The long period of Abbasid rule is often remembered as the [[Islamic Golden Age]] for being a zenith of scientific and artistic flowering across the Islamic world.<ref name="Spielvogel 2005">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2005). ''Discovering Our Past - California Edition: Medieval And Early Modern Times''. New York: Glencoe Publishing.</ref> Eventually, Abbasid power declined, and their control was reduced to only the territory around their capital of [[Baghdad]] by the time of the [[Crusades]] although their caliphs continued to wield spiritual prestige. In 1258,<ref name="Wikipedia"/> [[Hülegü Khan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] [[Sack of Baghdad|sacked]] the city of [[Baghdad]],<ref name="RevNovelCh76">[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' (novel)]] – Chapter 76</ref> spelling an apocalyptic end to not just Abbasid cultural power but to the intellectual advances of Islamic society, as the city's philosophers and scientists were exterminated and its libraries and academies razed to the ground. The Abbasid Caliphate survived for a time in [[Egypt]] under the protection of the [[Mamluk Sultanate]], although with little-to-none of their former spiritual authority and largely relegated to crowning the new Sultan, until finally the Mamluk Sultanate fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 and the Ottoman Sultans claimed the caliphate for themselves.<ref name="Wikipedia" /> | ||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
Revision as of 14:40, 22 October 2023
The Abbasid Caliphate, also known as the Arabian Empire,[1] was the third caliphate, an Islamic state regarded as succeeding the prophet Muhammad.[2] It was established in 750 in the wake of a revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate. Because their banners were black, they were known to the Tang as the "Black Arabs" (黑衣大食).[3]
History
The Abbasids were descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who was an uncle of Muhammad. This lineage gained them a number of influence and, with their powerful military,[4] the Abbasids overthrow the Umayyad Caliphate during the Abbasid Revolution from 747 to 750, installing Abul Abbas As-Saffah as the first caliph of the new empire.[2]
Almost immediately upon being installed on the throne, As-Saffah turned against his supporters in brutal purges,[5] and he was subsequently branded with the pejorative epithet of "Bloodshedder" from his enemies such as the Hidden Ones.[6]
In 751, they clashed with the Tang at the Battle of Talas, where the sudden betrayal of the Karluk mercenaries fighting under Tang forces resulted in a decisive victory for the Abbasids.[3] The band of Hidden Ones led by Éléna arrived too late to affect the outcome, but they did manage to save the life of a Tang crossbowman named Li E, upon which they recruited him into their order.[6] By 754, As-Saffah had eradicated the Hidden Ones in the region after assaulting their headquarters, and Li E escaped as the sole survivor.[7]
The long period of Abbasid rule is often remembered as the Islamic Golden Age for being a zenith of scientific and artistic flowering across the Islamic world.[8] Eventually, Abbasid power declined, and their control was reduced to only the territory around their capital of Baghdad by the time of the Crusades although their caliphs continued to wield spiritual prestige. In 1258,[2] Hülegü Khan of the Mongol Empire sacked the city of Baghdad,[9] spelling an apocalyptic end to not just Abbasid cultural power but to the intellectual advances of Islamic society, as the city's philosophers and scientists were exterminated and its libraries and academies razed to the ground. The Abbasid Caliphate survived for a time in Egypt under the protection of the Mamluk Sultanate, although with little-to-none of their former spiritual authority and largely relegated to crowning the new Sultan, until finally the Mamluk Sultanate fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1517 and the Ottoman Sultans claimed the caliphate for themselves.[2]
Appearances
- Assassin's Creed: Dynasty (first appearance)
- Assassin's Creed: Valhalla (mentioned only)
- Wrath of the Druids (mentioned only)
- Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Geirmund's Saga (mentioned only, as "Serkland")
- Assassin's Creed Roleplaying Game (mentioned only)
- Echoes of History (mentioned only)
- Assassin's Creed: Mirage
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Flower Banquet (Part 1)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
Abbasid Caliphate on Wikipedia
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Beacon Fire (Part 1)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Loading Screen: The Abbasids
- ↑ Foltz, Richard. (2016). "The Iranization of Islam". Iran in World History. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 45-59.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Beacon Fire (Part 2)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – The Hidden Ones (Part 1)
- ↑ Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2005). Discovering Our Past - California Edition: Medieval And Early Modern Times. New York: Glencoe Publishing.
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel) – Chapter 76
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