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{{Character Infobox
Ferdinand II (10 March 1452 - 23 January 1516) was King of Aragon, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre. He was also King of Castile and husband to [[Isabella I of Castile]].
| image = ACM Ferdinand.jpg
The [[Assassins]] hoped that by killing his wife, Ferdinand would turn on the [[Borgia]].
| birth = 10 March 1452<br>Sada Palace, {{Wiki|Sos del Rey Católico}}, [[Kingdom of Aragon]]
| death = 23 January 1516 {{c|aged 63}}<br>{{Wiki|Madrigalejo}}, {{Wiki|Extremadura}}, [[Crown of Castile]]
| species = [[Human]]
| affiliates = Castile-Aragon Union
}}
'''Ferdinand II of Aragon''' ({{Wiki|Argonese language|Aragonese}}: ''Ferrando''; {{Wiki|Catalan language|Catalan}}: ''Ferran''; {{Wiki|Basque language|Basque}}: ''Errando''; {{Wiki|Spanish language|Spanish}}: ''Fernando''; {{Wiki|Italian language|Italian}}: ''Ferdinando''; 1452 – 1516) was the King of [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]], [[Sicily]], [[Naples]], [[Valencia]], [[Sardinia]], and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]. As the husband to [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I]], he was King of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] through marriage. After her death, he continued to serve as regent in Castile on behalf of their daughter {{Wiki|Joanna of Castile|Joanna}} for much of the rest of his life.
 
==Biography==
===''Reconquista''===
In 1478, Ferdinand and Isabella, seeking further religious unity, requested permission from the [[Papacy|Pope]] to establish an [[Spanish Inquisition|inquisition]]. Pope [[Sixtus IV]] permitted them to appoint priests as inquisitors.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed DNA]]'' – Timeline: 1478</ref>
 
By 1491, members of both the [[Assassins|Assassin]] and [[Templars|Templar Orders]] had infiltrated Ferdinand and Isabella's close circle in an attempt to obtain influence over the royal house. Ferdinand's own finance minister, [[Luis de Santángel]], was a member of the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Spanish Brotherhood of Assassins|Brotherhood]], as was Isabella's treasurer [[Raphael Sánchez]].<ref name="AC2D">''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]'' – [[Survive the Ambush]]</ref>
 
The following year, Ferdinand and his wife bore witness to the [[Auto-da-fé|public execution]] of heretics in [[Seville]], during which the Spanish [[Mentor]] [[Benedicto]] was burned at the stake by [[Tomás de Torquemada]]. However, the two other Assassins, [[Aguilar de Nerha]] and [[María]], managed to escape their predicament, leading Ferdinand and his wife to quickly flee the scene.<ref name="ACF">[[Assassin's Creed (film)|''Assassin's Creed'' (film)]]</ref>
 
===Italian Wars===
In 1503, Ferdinand hired [[Bartolomeo d'Alviano]] to help the [[Spanish Army]] defeat the [[France|French]] [[French Army|forces]] in the Kingdom of Naples.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Database: Bartolomeo d'Alviano (Assassin's Creed II)|Database: Bartolomeo d'Alviano]]</ref> In 1504, Ferdinand and Isabella made an arrangement with Pope [[Julius II]] to have [[Cesare Borgia]] locked up inside the [[Castillo de la Mota]] near Valencia.<ref name="ACB novel">[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood'' novel]] – {{Cite|20 Jan 2021. Chapters needed}}</ref>
 
Unbeknownst to both Ferdinand and Isabella, the Assassins had secretly been poisoning the latter after Luis de Santángel uncovered her ties to the [[House of Borgia|Borgia]]. Due to Luis' death in 1498,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Contracts (Italian Brotherhood)#Barcelona|Contracts]]: "Picking Up the Pieces"</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Contracts (Project Legacy)#Barcelona, Spain|Contracts]]: "Picking Up the Pieces"</ref> a team of [[Italian Brotherhood of Assassins|Italian Assassins]] sent from [[Rome]] completed his mission and enlisted the help of one of Isabella's servants to administer a lethal dose of poison, resulting in the queen's death in November 1504.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Contracts (Italian Brotherhood)#Barcelona|Contracts]]: "Closure"</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Contracts (Project Legacy)#Barcelona, Spain|Contracts]]: "Closure"</ref> The next year, Ferdinand took over the Kingdom of Naples, which became part of Spain.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Napoli]]</ref>
 
In 1507, Ferdinand waged war with [[John III of Navarre]] to conquer the lands of Navarre. During the [[Siege of Viana]], John III gave command over his forces to his brother-in-law Cesare Borgia, who had escaped from the Castillo de la Mota in the previous year. [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze]], the [[Mentor]] of the Italian Assassins, killed Cesare during the battle, greatly aiding Ferdinand's forces, although the Navarrese still won a pyrrhic victory.<ref name="ACB novel" />
 
Intending to curb the [[Venice|Venetian]] influence in northern [[Italy]], Ferdinand joined fellow monarchs [[Louis XII of France]] and [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximillian I]] in the [[War of the League of Cambrai|League of Cambrai]] created by Pope Julius II. The League was initially a success as an anti-Venetian alliance, but the friction between Julius and Louis caused it to collapse by 1510.<ref name="ACID">''[[Assassin's Creed: Identity]]'' – [[Database: War of the League of Cambrai]]</ref>
 
When Ezio Auditore went on his pilgrimage to [[Masyaf]] in 1511 seeking the [[Library of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad|Library]] of [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]], Ferdinand allowed Ezio safe passage through the southern territories of Italy that he controlled to return the favor of killing Cesare Borgia.<ref name="ACR novel">[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]] – {{Cite|20 Jan 2021. Chapter needed}}</ref>
 
That same year, the Templars planned to assassinate Ferdinand, believing that his death would divide the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile. The Assassins foiled the plot,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Mediterranean Defense#Madrid|Mediterranean Defense]]: "Just Following Orders, Part II"</ref> and eradicated the leaders of the Templar network in [[Madrid]] to remove any future threat against the king.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Mediterranean Defense#Madrid|Mediterranean Defense]]: "Just Following Orders, Part III"</ref>
 
===Legacy===
In 2012, Ferdinand was one of the many historical people included in the [[Glyphs|Glyph]] puzzles the late Assassin [[Clay Kaczmarek]] left behind in the [[Animus]] as messages for his successor [[Desmond Miles]] to decipher. Desmond did so in September of that year.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[The Desmond Files]]</ref> Desmond solved this puzzle, which was part of a set titled "Instruments of Power", where Ferdinand was excluded from a list of historic individuals revealed by Clay to have wielded [[Staves of Eden]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs|Glyph #5]]: "Instruments of Power"</ref> Later that year, Ferdinand was also included in a mnemonic set in [[Abstergo Industries]]' [[Project Legacy]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' – [[Mnemonic sets]]</ref>
 
==Behind the scenes==
Ferdinand II is a historical figure first mentioned in the 2009 video game ''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]'' and pictured in the Glyph puzzles in ''[[Assassin's Creed II]]''. After being mentioned in several other installments of the [[Assassin's Creed (series)|series]], he made his first physical appearance in the 2016 film ''[[Assassin's Creed (film)|Assassin's Creed]]'', portrayed by [[Thomas Camilleri]].
 
==Gallery==
<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">
ACfilm Isabella Torquemada Ferdinand.png|Ferdinand in Seville with his wife and Torquemada
ACMovie Francisco Rizi's Grand Inquisition close up.jpg|Ferdinand in ''Grand Inquisition'' by [[Francisco Rizi]]
Ferdinand and Isabella.png|''The Return of Christopher Columbus'' by Eugène Delacroix
</gallery>
 
==Appearances==
*''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' {{C|Glyphs only}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]'' {{C|Mnemonic set only}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' {{Mdat}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' {{Mo}}
*[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]] {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Recollection]]'' {{Imo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Identity]]'' {{Mdat}}
*[[Assassin's Creed (film)|''Assassin's Creed'' film]] {{1st}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Official Movie Novelization]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Rebellion]]'' {{mo}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{ACfilm}}
{{ACRebellion}}
[[Category:1452 births]]
[[Category:1516 deaths]]
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Spaniards]]
[[Category:Counts]]
[[Category:Regents]]
[[Category:Royal consorts]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Spain]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Naples]]
[[Category:House of Trastámara]]
[[Category:Order of the Sacred Garter]]
[[Category:Assassin allies]]
<!--[es:Fernando II de Aragón]
[fr:Ferdinand II d'Aragon]
[hu:II. Aragóniai Ferdinánd]
[it:Ferdinando II di Aragona]
[zh:阿拉贡的费尔南多二世]-->

Latest revision as of 23:00, 11 May 2026

Ferdinand II of Aragon (Aragonese: Ferrando; Catalan: Ferran; Basque: Errando; Spanish: Fernando; Italian: Ferdinando; 1452 – 1516) was the King of Aragon, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre. As the husband to Isabella I, he was King of Castile through marriage. After her death, he continued to serve as regent in Castile on behalf of their daughter Joanna for much of the rest of his life.

Biography[edit | edit source]

Reconquista[edit | edit source]

In 1478, Ferdinand and Isabella, seeking further religious unity, requested permission from the Pope to establish an inquisition. Pope Sixtus IV permitted them to appoint priests as inquisitors.[1]

By 1491, members of both the Assassin and Templar Orders had infiltrated Ferdinand and Isabella's close circle in an attempt to obtain influence over the royal house. Ferdinand's own finance minister, Luis de Santángel, was a member of the Spanish Brotherhood, as was Isabella's treasurer Raphael Sánchez.[2]

The following year, Ferdinand and his wife bore witness to the public execution of heretics in Seville, during which the Spanish Mentor Benedicto was burned at the stake by Tomás de Torquemada. However, the two other Assassins, Aguilar de Nerha and María, managed to escape their predicament, leading Ferdinand and his wife to quickly flee the scene.[3]

Italian Wars[edit | edit source]

In 1503, Ferdinand hired Bartolomeo d'Alviano to help the Spanish Army defeat the French forces in the Kingdom of Naples.[4] In 1504, Ferdinand and Isabella made an arrangement with Pope Julius II to have Cesare Borgia locked up inside the Castillo de la Mota near Valencia.[5]

Unbeknownst to both Ferdinand and Isabella, the Assassins had secretly been poisoning the latter after Luis de Santángel uncovered her ties to the Borgia. Due to Luis' death in 1498,[6][7] a team of Italian Assassins sent from Rome completed his mission and enlisted the help of one of Isabella's servants to administer a lethal dose of poison, resulting in the queen's death in November 1504.[8][9] The next year, Ferdinand took over the Kingdom of Naples, which became part of Spain.[10]

In 1507, Ferdinand waged war with John III of Navarre to conquer the lands of Navarre. During the Siege of Viana, John III gave command over his forces to his brother-in-law Cesare Borgia, who had escaped from the Castillo de la Mota in the previous year. Ezio Auditore da Firenze, the Mentor of the Italian Assassins, killed Cesare during the battle, greatly aiding Ferdinand's forces, although the Navarrese still won a pyrrhic victory.[5]

Intending to curb the Venetian influence in northern Italy, Ferdinand joined fellow monarchs Louis XII of France and Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian I in the League of Cambrai created by Pope Julius II. The League was initially a success as an anti-Venetian alliance, but the friction between Julius and Louis caused it to collapse by 1510.[11]

When Ezio Auditore went on his pilgrimage to Masyaf in 1511 seeking the Library of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, Ferdinand allowed Ezio safe passage through the southern territories of Italy that he controlled to return the favor of killing Cesare Borgia.[12]

That same year, the Templars planned to assassinate Ferdinand, believing that his death would divide the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile. The Assassins foiled the plot,[13] and eradicated the leaders of the Templar network in Madrid to remove any future threat against the king.[14]

Legacy[edit | edit source]

In 2012, Ferdinand was one of the many historical people included in the Glyph puzzles the late Assassin Clay Kaczmarek left behind in the Animus as messages for his successor Desmond Miles to decipher. Desmond did so in September of that year.[15] Desmond solved this puzzle, which was part of a set titled "Instruments of Power", where Ferdinand was excluded from a list of historic individuals revealed by Clay to have wielded Staves of Eden.[16] Later that year, Ferdinand was also included in a mnemonic set in Abstergo Industries' Project Legacy.[17]

Behind the scenes[edit | edit source]

Ferdinand II is a historical figure first mentioned in the 2009 video game Assassin's Creed II: Discovery and pictured in the Glyph puzzles in Assassin's Creed II. After being mentioned in several other installments of the series, he made his first physical appearance in the 2016 film Assassin's Creed, portrayed by Thomas Camilleri.

Gallery[edit | edit source]

  • Ferdinand in Seville with his wife and Torquemada
    Ferdinand in Seville with his wife and Torquemada
  • Ferdinand in Grand Inquisition by Francisco Rizi
    Ferdinand in Grand Inquisition by Francisco Rizi
  • The Return of Christopher Columbus by Eugène Delacroix
    The Return of Christopher Columbus by Eugène Delacroix

Appearances[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Assassin's Creed DNA – Timeline: 1478
  2. ↑ Assassin's Creed II: Discovery – Survive the Ambush
  3. ↑ Assassin's Creed (film)
  4. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Database: Bartolomeo d'Alviano
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood novel – [citation needed]
  6. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Contracts: "Picking Up the Pieces"
  7. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Contracts: "Picking Up the Pieces"
  8. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Contracts: "Closure"
  9. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Contracts: "Closure"
  10. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Database: Napoli
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Identity – Database: War of the League of Cambrai
  12. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations novel – [citation needed]
  13. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Mediterranean Defense: "Just Following Orders, Part II"
  14. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Mediterranean Defense: "Just Following Orders, Part III"
  15. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Initiates – The Desmond Files
  16. ↑ Assassin's Creed II – Glyph #5: "Instruments of Power"
  17. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy – Mnemonic sets

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