Afghanistan: Difference between revisions
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{{Location infobox | |||
|name = Afghanistan | |||
|image = Flag of Afghanistan.png | |||
|state = Afghanistan | |||
|rulers = *{{Wiki|Absolute monarchy}} {{c|1709–1823}} | |||
*Emirate {{c|1823–1926}} | |||
*{{Wiki|Constitutional monarchy}} {{c|1926–73}} | |||
*{{Wiki|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{Wiki|One-party state|one-party}} {{Wiki|republic}} {{c|1973–78}} | |||
*Unitary {{Wiki|Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist}} one-party {{Wiki|socialist republic}} {{c|1979–87}} | |||
*Unitary {{Wiki|Islamic-socialism|Islamic-socialist}} {{Wiki|Dominant-party system|dominant-party}} republic {{c|1987–92}} | |||
*Unitary Islamic {{Wiki|provisional government}} {{c|1992–96, 2001–02}} | |||
*{{Wiki|Government-in-exile}} {{c|1996–2001}} | |||
*{{Wiki|Transitional government}} {{c|2002–04}} | |||
*Unitary {{Wiki|presidential system|presidential}} {{Wiki|Islamic republic}} {{c|2004–present}} | |||
|factions = [[Assassins]]<br> | |||
[[Templars]] | |||
|founded = {{Wiki|Mirwais Hotak}} | |||
|date = 21 April 1709 {{c|Hotak Empire}}<br> | |||
October 1747 {{c|Durrani Empire}}<br> | |||
1823 {{c|Emirate}}<br> | |||
19 August 1919 {{c|Recognized}}<br> | |||
9 June 1926 {{c|Kingdom}}<br> | |||
17 July 1973 {{c|Republic}}<br> | |||
26 January 2004 {{c|Current constitution}} | |||
|hidea = yes}} | |||
'''Afghanistan''' is a landlocked country located in south central [[Asia]] between [[Iran]] and the [[India]]n civilization. The region was historically the crossroads between West, Central, South, and East Asia and served as the frontier of [[Alexander the Great]]'s empire in 330 BCE upon his conquest of the [[Achaemenid Empire]]. | '''Afghanistan''' is a landlocked country located in south central [[Asia]] between [[Iran]] and the [[India]]n civilization. The region was historically the crossroads between West, Central, South, and East Asia and served as the frontier of [[Alexander the Great]]'s empire in 330 BCE upon his conquest of the [[Achaemenid Empire]]. | ||
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[[ru:Афганистан]] | [[ru:Афганистан]] | ||
[[Category:Countries in Asia]] | [[Category:Countries in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Former kingdoms]] | |||
[[Category:Former empires]] | |||
Revision as of 07:22, 18 September 2019
Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in south central Asia between Iran and the Indian civilization. The region was historically the crossroads between West, Central, South, and East Asia and served as the frontier of Alexander the Great's empire in 330 BCE upon his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
Although various peoples including the Iranians, the Bactrians, the Greeks, the Kushan, and the Scythians settled and forged kingdoms in the region over the millennia, the modern nation of the Afghans did not arise until 1709 with the Hotak dynasty. Subsequently, the country was embroiled in a heated contest between the European empires of Russia and the United Kingdom during the reign of the Barakzai dynasty in the 19th century. As a result of the Afghans' fierce resistance in the First Anglo-Afghan War, the state developed a reputation as the "unconquerable" "graveyard of empires", a status it would carry into successive centuries to the present day.
History
In 1839, the Emirate of Afghanistan was invaded by the British East India Company under the auspices of the Governor-General of India, George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland in what would be the first of three Anglo-Afghan Wars. Although the technologically superior British expected a swift and decisive conquest, the conflict proved to be a bloodbath.[1]
Simultaneously, the expedition also served as a medium through which the British Rite of the Templar Order could uncover more Isu sites in their quest for power. This was the chief motivation of Major General William Sleeman in capturing the Citadel of Herat in 1841, having located a Precursor temple beneath it through a Precursor box.[2] An attempt by the Assassin Arbaaz Mir of the Indian Brotherhood to thwart his discovery in the midst of an Afghan siege to retake the castle failed when he was captured by Sleeman's troops.[3][4]
Regardless, the First Anglo-Afghan War ended in the catastrophic destruction of the British Army during a retreat from the capital city of Kabul to Jalalabad led by Major General William Elphinstone. The future Templar Cavanagh was serving as a corporal in this detachment at the time but deserted a day into the conflict alongside Colonel Walter Lavelle to ensure his own survival.[5]
Appearances
References
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