Picts: Difference between revisions
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The '''Picts''' were a confederation of {{Wiki|Celts|Celtic}} people who lived in what is now eastern and northern [[Scotland]], which was dubbed as "Pictland". Together with the [[Gaels]], they merged to form the {{Wiki|Kingdom of Alba}}, a precursor to the {{Wiki|Kingdom of Scotland}}. | The '''Picts''' were a confederation of {{Wiki|Celts|Celtic}} people who lived in what is now eastern and northern [[Scotland]], which was dubbed as "Pictland". Together with the [[Gaels]], they merged to form the {{Wiki|Kingdom of Alba}}, a precursor to the {{Wiki|Kingdom of Scotland}}. | ||
In the 9th century, the Picts, like the [[Anglo-Saxons]] to the south, warred frequently with the invading [[Vikings]] from [[Scandinavia]]. By the 870s, they warred against [[Halfdan Ragnarsson]] in [[Northumbria]]. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Early history=== | ===Early history=== | ||
In the second century CE, in response to Pictish raids from the north, the [[Roman Empire|Roman Emperor]] [[Hadrian]] built [[Hadrian's Wall|a fortified wall]] across the northernmost boundary of [[Great Britain|Britannia]] to keep the Picts out.<ref name="Hadrian's Wall">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Hadrian's Wall]]</ref> For two-hundred years, Hadrian's Wall was effective in stopping the Picts from raiding [[Rome]]'s holdings in Britain. However, in 410 CE, in the aftermath of the {{Wiki|Sack of Rome (410)|Sack of Rome}} by the {{Wiki|Visigoths}}, the Western Roman Emperor, [[Honorius]] ordered all legions in Britannia withdraw to the continent, thus abandoning Britain.{{Cite}} | |||
This absence of Roman military power gave the Picts the chance to raid south of Hadrian's Wall, pillaging the towns of the Romanized Britons. In 449 CE, a Briton leader named {{wiki|Vortigern}} realized that his forces alone could not defeat the Picts, and so invited the [[Anglo-Saxons]] to fight alongside them as mercenaries against the Picts.<ref name="Vortigern">{{WP|Vortigern}}</ref> This led to the first wars between the Picts and the Anglo-Saxons during the next three centuries, with the latter being unable to conquer their new enemies.{{Cite}} | This absence of Roman military power gave the Picts the chance to raid south of Hadrian's Wall, pillaging the towns of the Romanized Britons. In 449 CE, a Briton leader named {{wiki|Vortigern}} realized that his forces alone could not defeat the Picts, and so invited the [[Anglo-Saxons]] to fight alongside them as mercenaries against the Picts.<ref name="Vortigern">{{WP|Vortigern}}</ref> This led to the first wars between the Picts and the Anglo-Saxons during the next three centuries, with the latter being unable to conquer their new enemies.{{Cite}} | ||
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===Pictish-Viking War=== | ===Pictish-Viking War=== | ||
During the [[Viking expansion|Viking invasions]] of England in the 9th century, the Picts were led by [[Causantin mac Cináeda]] and warred against the Kingdom of Northumbria, influenced by the Viking ''[[jarl]]'' Halfdan Ragnarsson, the oldest son of [[Ragnar Lothbrok]].<ref name="ACV">''Assassin's Creed: Valhalla''</ref> Around the 870s, the Picts conspired with the [[Norse people|Norse]]-influenced King [[Ricsige of Northumbria|Ricsige]] to revolt against Halfdan and return the kingdom to Anglo-Saxon rule.<ref name="Honor's Hubris">''Assassin's Creed: Valhalla'' – [[Honor's Hubris]]</ref> Emboldened and bolstered by his discreet aid, the Picts occupied the strongholds of [[Magnis Fortress]] and [[Stenwege Camp]], allowing them to launch raids further into | During the [[Viking expansion|Viking invasions]] of England in the 9th century, the Picts were led by [[Causantin mac Cináeda]] and warred against the Kingdom of Northumbria, influenced by the Viking ''[[jarl]]'' Halfdan Ragnarsson, the oldest son of [[Ragnar Lothbrok]].<ref name="ACV">''Assassin's Creed: Valhalla''</ref> Around the 870s, the Picts conspired with the [[Norse people|Norse]]-influenced King [[Ricsige of Northumbria|Ricsige]] to revolt against Halfdan and return the kingdom to Anglo-Saxon rule.<ref name="Honor's Hubris">''Assassin's Creed: Valhalla'' – [[Honor's Hubris]]</ref> Emboldened and bolstered by his discreet aid, the Picts occupied the strongholds of [[Magnis Fortress]] and [[Stenwege Camp]], allowing them to launch raids further into Northumbria.<ref name="ACV" /> | ||
In 876, the Norse shieldmaiden, [[Eivor Varinsdottir]], helped Halfdan and his army fight against the Picts. | In 876, the Norse shieldmaiden, [[Eivor Varinsdottir]], helped Halfdan and his army fight against the Picts. | ||
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*''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' {{1st}} | *''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' {{1st}} | ||
*''[[Discovery Tour: Viking Age]]'' {{Mo}} | *''[[Discovery Tour: Viking Age]]'' {{Mo}} | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Sword of the White Horse]]'' | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:07, 29 July 2022
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The Picts were a confederation of Celtic people who lived in what is now eastern and northern Scotland, which was dubbed as "Pictland". Together with the Gaels, they merged to form the Kingdom of Alba, a precursor to the Kingdom of Scotland.
In the 9th century, the Picts, like the Anglo-Saxons to the south, warred frequently with the invading Vikings from Scandinavia. By the 870s, they warred against Halfdan Ragnarsson in Northumbria.
History
Early history
In the second century CE, in response to Pictish raids from the north, the Roman Emperor Hadrian built a fortified wall across the northernmost boundary of Britannia to keep the Picts out.[1] For two-hundred years, Hadrian's Wall was effective in stopping the Picts from raiding Rome's holdings in Britain. However, in 410 CE, in the aftermath of the Sack of Rome by the Visigoths, the Western Roman Emperor, Honorius ordered all legions in Britannia withdraw to the continent, thus abandoning Britain. [citation needed]
This absence of Roman military power gave the Picts the chance to raid south of Hadrian's Wall, pillaging the towns of the Romanized Britons. In 449 CE, a Briton leader named Vortigern realized that his forces alone could not defeat the Picts, and so invited the Anglo-Saxons to fight alongside them as mercenaries against the Picts.[2] This led to the first wars between the Picts and the Anglo-Saxons during the next three centuries, with the latter being unable to conquer their new enemies. [citation needed]
By the late 6th century, the Gaelic missionary, Columba, made his way into the Pictish hill-fort at Inverness as a way to achieve peace between the Picts and the Gaelic kinfdom of Dál Riata. The successful outcome led to the gradual conversion of the Picts to Christianity.[3]
Pictish-Viking War
During the Viking invasions of England in the 9th century, the Picts were led by Causantin mac Cináeda and warred against the Kingdom of Northumbria, influenced by the Viking jarl Halfdan Ragnarsson, the oldest son of Ragnar Lothbrok.[4] Around the 870s, the Picts conspired with the Norse-influenced King Ricsige to revolt against Halfdan and return the kingdom to Anglo-Saxon rule.[5] Emboldened and bolstered by his discreet aid, the Picts occupied the strongholds of Magnis Fortress and Stenwege Camp, allowing them to launch raids further into Northumbria.[4]
In 876, the Norse shieldmaiden, Eivor Varinsdottir, helped Halfdan and his army fight against the Picts.
Trivia
- Contrary to their portrayal in Assassin's Creed: Valhalla, Pictish armies of the 9th century were armed and equipped with similar weapons and armor to the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.
- Similarly, according to stone engravings in Scotland, the Picts also used early types of crossbows from the 6th through 9th centuries, but these were only used for hunting rather than military usage.
- At the time of Assassin's Creed: Valhalla, the Picts were ruled by King Causantin mac Cináeda, son of the first king of Scotland: Kenneth MacAlpin.
Gallery
Appearances
- Echoes of History (first mentioned)
- Assassin's Creed: Valhalla (first appearance)
- Discovery Tour: Viking Age (mentioned only)
- Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Sword of the White Horse
References
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Hadrian's Wall
- ↑
Vortigern on Wikipedia
- ↑ Columba on Wikipedia
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Assassin's Creed: Valhalla
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Honor's Hubris