Ottoman Empire
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The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), , also known as the Ottoman Empire was an empire that ruled the eastern Mediterranean for a period in excess of six-hundred years.
In 1299, The Byzantines had lost most of the Anatolian provinces. Turkish Anatolia was divided into Numerous Ghazi emirates. One of the Ghazi emirates was led by Osman who later had the empire named after him.
Heading west
After Osman's death, the Ottomans rapidly conquered the areas of the Byzantine Empire. Their victory at the Battle of Kosovo ended Serbian power in the region and paved the entrance to Europe. In some time the Ottomans had conquered all the lands around Constantinople. Trouble struck when Timur of the Timurid Empire attacked Anatolia in the Battle of Ankara in 1402. He captured the sultan and part of the Ottoman territories were lost. After temporary disorder, Mehmed the first, became sultan and restored Ottoman power.
Conquest of Constantinople
The grandson of Mehmed was known as Mehmed the Conqueror. He reorganized the military and state. Using his skills he conquered Constantinople in 1453.
Aftermath
Ottoman people used various names for Constantinople including İstanbul, Konstantiniyye and later on İslambol (Turkish: lots of İslam). But Konstantiniyye (Arabic: city of Konstantin) was the name accepted and used by the state at the early years of the city's conquest. It officially took its final name, İstanbul, under the Republic of Turkey reign in 1930.