*'''Narrator:''' ''Behind the Propylaea was the giant [[Statue of Athena|bronze statue]] of Athena Promachos, or "Athena who fights on the front lines". That name was reflected in the [[spear]] and [[shield]] the statue held in its hands. It was erected in the mid 5th century BCE by the artist Phidas.<br><br>According to an inscription, it took nine years to make, and cost almost half a million drachmae. At approximately ten meters tall, the statue was apparently so large that {{Wiki|Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias}} claimed its helmet and spear tip could be seen from the sea near [[Cape Sounion]], sixty kilometers away.<br><br>The ornamentation of the statue's shield was engraved by the metalsmith Mys.''
'''Learn More:'''<br>
Athena, who was miraculously born from Zeus' head, was one of the most important deities in the Greek Pantheon. In the {{Wiki|Bronze Age}}, she was an [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] goddess who protected lucrative palatial and household activities, such as wool processing.
Later on, she became the patron deity of many ancient Greek cities, with Athens being only the best known among them. However, she still kept her place as the protector of artisans, spinners, weavers, smith, and the like.
The goddess had numerous epithets reflecting specific attributes, including Athena Polias (the protector of the city), Athena Ergane (the protector of crafts), and Athena Promachos ("fighting in the first rank", which alluded to her worship as a martial deity).
She was also conceived as the goddess of wisdom, and her most famous symbol was the owl, which was often engraved on Athenian coins and painted on vases.
|-|House of the Arrhephoroi=
|-|House of the Arrhephoroi=
*'''Narrator:''' ''The [[Arrhephoros|arrhephoroi]] were young girls between the ages of seven and eleven who were in charge of special rites. A list of four girls were drafted by the assembly of citizens, from which the high magistrate, the archon basileus, chose two to serve as arrhephoroi for the year.<br><br>The girls lived in a [[House of the Arrhephoroi|house]] on the Akropolis. They were in charge of carrying sacred objects, and weavubg the peplos of Athena.<br><br>The peplos was a sacred robe offered to Athena during [[Panathenaia]], a festival held in her honor.''
'''Learn More:'''<br>
The arrhephoroi were selected on the basis of noble birth, so only high status girls had the priviledge of serving Athena during the feasts of the Arrhephoria and the Panathenaia.
Pausanias wrote that two girls—whose designation meant "Bearers of Mysteries (Sacred Offerings)"—performed a special rite during the Arrhephoria. Their main duty was to descend from the Akropolis to a precinct of Aphrodite, carring sacred objects on their heads given to them by the priestess of Athena. Once at their destination, they left the objects and received something else in return. Neither the arrhephoroi nor the priestess knew what any of the objects were, as they were always covered.
The arrhephoroi's other duty was to asist the temple's priestess in the sacred act of weaving Athena's peplos (garment). This ritual took place over 9 months, before the garment was finally offered to Athena at the Panathenaia.
Employing young, inexperienced arrhephoroi guaranteed the purity of the sacred robe. It also gave the girls the chance to learn how to spin and weave, which were two most important tasks required of Greek women.
|-|Erechtheion=
|-|Erechtheion=
Revision as of 07:27, 28 September 2019
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Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece is the Discovery Tour mode for Assassin's Creed: Odyssey. Released on 10 September 2019, the mode was available as a free update for players who own the game, and also as a standalone purchase on Uplay.
26 regions with 30 tours, split into 300 stations.
Interactive quizzes at the end of each tour.
Explore with 36 unique avatars and 15 mounts, accessible by progressing through Discovery Tour objectives.[1]
Content
Tours
Daily Life
The Urban Household
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("I would like to begin the tour.")
Narration:Learn more:
("I'm ready for a quiz.")
("Take me to the next suggested tour.")
("Take me to a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Wine
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
The Life of a Greek Woman
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Bronze in Argos
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Perfume
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
The Laurion Silver Mines
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Wheat and Agriculture
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Pottery in Athens
Aspasia: Hello, wanderer. May I introduce you to the Kerameikos, the kiln that warms all of Athens' pottery?
("Who are you?")
Aspasia: My name is Aspasia. Though I am not original from Athens, I have climbed to the top of its social ladder using my wit and intellect. I've even earned the love of Perikles, one of the most powerful men in the city. The mind truly is a beautiful thing.
("What do you think of this place?")
Aspasia: The art produced here is some of the most beautiful in the Greek world. I envy the potters' skill, though I’m not quite as envious of their clay-stained hands. It’s bad for the nails.
("I would like to begin the tour.")
Aspasia:...
Narrator: The Kerameikos was a large, sprawling area northwest of Athens's akropolis.
While part of it was used as a graveyard, it was also dedicated to the creation of pottery.
The Kerameikos was so significant to the art form that its name lives on in the word "ceramics".
Perhaps drawn by the river, potters moved into the area and formed their own bustling community.
It's believed that by the end of the 5th century BCE, hundreds of thousands of pottery vessels had been made in Athens, including everything from heavy, undecorated cooking pots, to delicates and beautiful containers reserved for the most precious oils.
Sadly, only around one percent of these works survive today, some only in small fragments.
Learn more: Unfortunately, no ancient manuals for making pottery have survived to the present day, and there is only limited visual and textual evidence to explain how ceramic works were created.
However, the vases themselves provide a few clues. Some pots were decorated with behind-the-scenes glimpses of potters and painters at work. These visual narratives, along with the texts of ancient authors, suggest that pottery-making was a family affair, with fathers teaching their sons the craft at a young age. One base even shows a woman working as a painter, which again suggests that pottery-making was a family business.
Aspasia: You've returned. As you can see pottery is...
("I'm ready for a quiz.")
Aspasia: Then let’s get right to it. Starting with an easy one.
What was responsible for the orange-red color of most Athenian vases?
("Paint.")
("Leaves.")
("Blood.")
("Iron.")
Aspasia: Correct! Athenian potters...
("Can you repeat the question?")
("Take me to the next suggested tour.")
("Take me to a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Aspasia: Then we must part ways, at least for now. Farewell, wanderer.
Dyeing and Fashion
("Who are you?")
("What do you think of this place?")
("Let's begin the tour.")
("I'm ready for the quiz.")
("Take on the next suggested tour.")
("Take me on a random tour.")
([LEAVE] "That's all for now.")
Politics and Philosophy
Sparta Social Classes
Spartan Society
Helots
Fear and Revolts
Helot Soldiers
Perioikoi
Spartan Politics
Two Kings
Responsibilities
Kings and Religion
Ephors and Law
The Gerousia
The Spartan Assembly
Democracy in Athens
The Pnyx
The Democratic Process
Magistrates
Participation
Democracy as Heritage
School of Greece - Philosophy
Philosophy and Greece
Kynosarges
Teaching Values
Importance of Philosophy
Sokrates and the Sophists
Classical Philosophers
Art, Religion, and Myths
The Olympic Games
Day One
Day Two
Singing Praises
Pentathlon
Day Three
Day Four
Hellanodikai
Cheaters' Stella
Prytaneion
School of Greece - Music
Music
Musical Contest
The Odeon of Perikles
Musical Genres
Knossos
Minoan Civilization
Knossos
Inside Minos' Palace
Minoan Art
The Birth of the Minotaur
Daidalos
Reparation
The Minotaur's Death
School of Greece - Theater
The Greek Theater
Sanctuary of Dionysos
Festivals
Dionysia and Drama Competitions
Actors
The Orchestra
The Theatron
Gods and Love
Akrokorinth
Gods, Love, and Seduction
Aphrodite
Battles and Wars
Spartan Education
Sparta
The Importance of Education
Statue of Leonidas
The First Stage of Education
Barracks
Syssition
Battle of Marathon
Battle Overview
Causes of the Conflict
The Greek Reaction
Arrival of the Persians
The Athenian Strategy
Combat
Heroic Exploits
The Aftermath
Consequences
Thermopylai
The Battle of Thermopylai
The Persians Arrive
First Encounters
Treachery
The Greek Army's Retreat
Final Moments
The Legacy of Thermopylai
The Glory of Sparta
Battle of Amphipolis
Amphipolis
The Triumph of Brasidas
The Shame of Thucydides
Eion Port
Kleon's Strategy
Brasidas' Defense
Kleon's Retreat
Unexpected Attack
The Fifty-Year Peace
The Battles of Pylos and Sphakteria
Context
Athenians Trapped
The Athenian Fleet Arrives
Spartans Trapped
Negotiations
Attack on Sphakteria
Consequences
Famous Cities
The Akropolis of Athens
Aspasia:Greetings, wanderer, and welcome to the Akropolis, the shining jewel of Athens.
("Who are you?")
Aspasia:My name is Aspasia. Though I am not original from Athens, I have climbed to the top of its social ladder using my wit and intellect. I've even earned the love of Perikles, one of the most powerful men in the city. The mind truly is a beautiful thing.
("What do you think of this place?")
Aspasia:Personally, I think the Akropolis is one of, if not the, greatest place in all of Greece. Though considering it was the project of my partner, Perikles, I may be a touch biased.
("I would like to begin the tour.")
Aspasia:The Akropolis of Athens is a bastion of art and culture worthy of the gods themselves. Within this citadel, you will find many important sacred buildings, as well as some of the most magnificent art in all of Greece. You are in for a very enlightening visit.l When you're done, come find me, and we can discuss the things you have seen. Farewell for now.
Narrator:The Akropolis has gone through many changes in its long history. It began as a simple rock, was settled as early as the Neolithic period, and then became a fortress in the Mycenaean period.
Stone buildings started appearing in the 7th century BCE, but the famous structures whose ruins remain visible today date mainly from a period of construction in the 5th century BCE.
The location of the Akropolis is closely tied with Athens' foundation myth. Supposedly, it was the site where Athena and Poseidon competed for the city's patronage. This connection gave the Akropolis a sacred aura, and it was considered the religious heart of the city.
Learn More:
After the archaic buildings of the old Akropolis—most notably the temple of Athena Polias—were burned down in 480 BCE by Xerxes' Persian army, the great general and staresman Perikles resolved to transform the naturally imposing rock into a huge monument to Athens' political, military, and cultural greatness. Thus began the most ambitious building program the Greek world had even seen at the time.
Seven million drachmae were spent on the whole project, which has been deemed by UNESCO as "the supreme expression of the adaptaion of architecture to a natural site". The Parthenon alone cost 469 talents—nearly 3 million drachmae, and the equivalent of approximately 12 tons of silver.
To justify the massive cost, Perikles cited the need to immortalize Athens' greatness, but also called the attention to the jobs the project would create for hundreds of stone cutters, carpenters, metal workers, painters, and unskilled laborers, all of whom were greatful for the opportunity to make more money.
Narrator:The Temple of Athena Nike was built on the remains of old fortifications from the Mycenaean era. Worship at the temple can be traced back to the 6th century BCE, but the building itself was destroyed during the Greco-Persian Wars a century later. It was rebuilt during the Peloponnesian War. Given that the name Athena Nike roughly means "Athena of Victory", it was likely constructed in the hopes that Athens would win the war.
Unusually, the temple depicts historical scenes of battles against the Persians, instead of the more mythologically-inclined art of other Greek buildings.
The temple's priestess was chosen randomly among the Athenians, and received of fifty drachmae anually, along win skins and trophies from sacrificed animals.
Learn More:
The area where the temple of Athena Nike was built offers a beautiful view of the southern shores of Attika, along with the ports of Piraeus and Phaleron.
This noteworthy feature—as well as the Mycenaean ruins nearby—were the basis for the assumption that Aigeus, the ninth king of the old Athenian dynasty, watched the sea from here in the hopes of seeing his son Theseus returning safe and sound from Krete.
Theseus, the most important Athenian mythological hero, had left for Krete under the guise of one of the youth send to feed the Minotaur. Theseus promised Aigeus that he would kill the monster and bring back the Athenian youth on a ship flying white sails, symbolizing victory and joy.
The hero slew the Minotaur and sailed home, but forgot to replace his ship's dark mourning sails with lighter ones. When Aigeus saw the dark sails, he assumed Theseus had died. Stricken with grief, the king threw himself off the steep bastion of the Akropolis, meeting his death on the ground below.
Narrator:The Akropolis was built up over a long period, due in no small part to its partial destruction during the Greco-Persian Wars. It was in the 5th century BCE, though, that the Akropolis received its most significant improvements. This period was an extremely prosperous time for Athens, both financially and culturally.
With a booming economy bolstered by trade and the Laurion silver mines, Perikles, the leader of Athens, financed a huge project to rebuild the citadel.
He enlisted the help of renowned artists like the sculptor Phidias, as well as the architects Iktinos and Kallikrates.
Together, they erected buildings like the Parthenon, and the Propylaea gateway. Perikles' goal was to make the Akropolis into a glorious monument to the gods, and to mortal Athenians.
Learn More:
The history of the Akropolis did not end with the Periklean building program.
In antiquity, fires and invasions often imperiled or even destroyed parts of the Akropolis, forcing Athenians and foreign admirers of the site to restore, embellish, and protect the remnants of Perikles' achievements.
For example, a ceremonial entrance in front of the Propylaia was built by F. Septimius Marcellinus ca. 280 BCE, with stone quarried from nearby monuments which had recently been destroyed by a Germanic invasion. it is known as Beulé Gate, named after its modern excavator.
The Akropolis had many uses throughout history. Under Byzantine rule, it hosted pilgrims seeking to visit the Parthenon, which had been transformed into a church. After the Fourth Crusade, it housed a Roman Catholic cathedral, as well as the palace of the LatinDuke of Athens. In Ottoman times, it acted as a fortress for protecting mosques, living quarters, and the harem of the local governor.
It was only in the first half of the 19th century CE that the newly independent modern Greek state decided to revive the Akropolis' Classical ruins. The medieval and modern buildings were removed, and the site's restoration has been going on ever since.
Narrator:Behind the Propylaea was the giant bronze statue of Athena Promachos, or "Athena who fights on the front lines". That name was reflected in the spear and shield the statue held in its hands. It was erected in the mid 5th century BCE by the artist Phidas.
According to an inscription, it took nine years to make, and cost almost half a million drachmae. At approximately ten meters tall, the statue was apparently so large that Pausanias claimed its helmet and spear tip could be seen from the sea near Cape Sounion, sixty kilometers away.
The ornamentation of the statue's shield was engraved by the metalsmith Mys.
Learn More:
Athena, who was miraculously born from Zeus' head, was one of the most important deities in the Greek Pantheon. In the Bronze Age, she was an Aegean goddess who protected lucrative palatial and household activities, such as wool processing.
Later on, she became the patron deity of many ancient Greek cities, with Athens being only the best known among them. However, she still kept her place as the protector of artisans, spinners, weavers, smith, and the like.
The goddess had numerous epithets reflecting specific attributes, including Athena Polias (the protector of the city), Athena Ergane (the protector of crafts), and Athena Promachos ("fighting in the first rank", which alluded to her worship as a martial deity).
She was also conceived as the goddess of wisdom, and her most famous symbol was the owl, which was often engraved on Athenian coins and painted on vases.
Narrator:The arrhephoroi were young girls between the ages of seven and eleven who were in charge of special rites. A list of four girls were drafted by the assembly of citizens, from which the high magistrate, the archon basileus, chose two to serve as arrhephoroi for the year.
The girls lived in a house on the Akropolis. They were in charge of carrying sacred objects, and weavubg the peplos of Athena.
The peplos was a sacred robe offered to Athena during Panathenaia, a festival held in her honor.
Learn More:
The arrhephoroi were selected on the basis of noble birth, so only high status girls had the priviledge of serving Athena during the feasts of the Arrhephoria and the Panathenaia.
Pausanias wrote that two girls—whose designation meant "Bearers of Mysteries (Sacred Offerings)"—performed a special rite during the Arrhephoria. Their main duty was to descend from the Akropolis to a precinct of Aphrodite, carring sacred objects on their heads given to them by the priestess of Athena. Once at their destination, they left the objects and received something else in return. Neither the arrhephoroi nor the priestess knew what any of the objects were, as they were always covered.
The arrhephoroi's other duty was to asist the temple's priestess in the sacred act of weaving Athena's peplos (garment). This ritual took place over 9 months, before the garment was finally offered to Athena at the Panathenaia.
Employing young, inexperienced arrhephoroi guaranteed the purity of the sacred robe. It also gave the girls the chance to learn how to spin and weave, which were two most important tasks required of Greek women.
