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Mesopotamia wasn't a state. It is a historiographical term for an ancient cultural region.
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'''Iraq''' is a country in the Middle East, whose territory is analogous to [[Babylonia]] and more broadly to the ancient cultural region known as {{wiki|Mesopotamia}}.
'''Iraq''' is a country in the Middle East, whose territory is analogous to [[Babylonia]] and more broadly to the ancient cultural region known as [[Mesopotamia]].


==History==
==History==
The modern state of Iraq emerged out of colonialism as the [[British Empire|British]] and [[France|French]] partitioned the [[Ottoman Empire]] amongst themselves against promises of a united [[Arabia|Arab state]].<ref name="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">{{WP|McMahon–Hussein Correspondence}}</ref><ref name="Arab Revolt">{{WP|Arab Revolt}}</ref><ref name="Sharifian Solution">{{WP|Sharifian Solution}}</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch33">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Great War: The World in Upheaval". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 780–808.</ref> Despite this, the contemporary boundaries correspond roughly to those of older territorial entities, such as the province of Iraq under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]],<ref name="Abbasid provinces">[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cattette Cattette]. "[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbasid_Caliphate_850AD.png Abbasid Caliphate 850 AD]". ''Wikimedia Commons''. Last updated 29 March 2021. Accessed 8 November 2023.</ref> the ancient kingdom of [[Babylonia]], and the city-states of {{wiki|Sumer}}, all of which were situated in the {{wiki|Fertile Crescent|fertile plains}} between the rivers [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]].<ref name="Spielvogel 2018">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2018). "The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations". In ''Western Civilization'', 10th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, pp. 1–31.</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch1">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 2–129.</ref>
The modern state of Iraq emerged out of colonialism as the [[British Empire|British]] and [[France|French]] partitioned the [[Ottoman Empire]] amongst themselves against promises of a united [[Arabia|Arab state]].<ref name="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">{{WP|McMahon–Hussein Correspondence}}</ref><ref name="Arab Revolt">{{WP|Arab Revolt}}</ref><ref name="Sharifian Solution">{{WP|Sharifian Solution}}</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch33">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Great War: The World in Upheaval". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 780–808.</ref> Despite this, the contemporary boundaries correspond roughly to those of older territorial entities, such as the province of Iraq under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]],<ref name="Abbasid provinces">[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cattette Cattette]. "[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbasid_Caliphate_850AD.png Abbasid Caliphate 850 AD]". ''Wikimedia Commons''. Last updated 29 March 2021. Accessed 8 November 2023.</ref> the ancient kingdom of [[Babylonia]], and the city-states of {{wiki|Sumer}}, all of which were situated in the {{wiki|Fertile Crescent|fertile plains}} between the rivers [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]].<ref name="Spielvogel 2018">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2018). "The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations". In ''Western Civilization'', 10th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, pp. 1–31.</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch1">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 2–129.</ref>


When [[Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Abbasid Revolution|overthrew]] of the {{wiki|Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad}}, the new regime moved the capital from [[Damascus]] in the [[Levant]] to [[Baghdad]] in Iraq to be closer to the [[Iran|Persian]] allies who facilitated their victory.<ref name="Abbasid Revolution">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Abbasid Revolution|Codex: Abbasid Revolution]]</ref> Baghdad greatly grew to become an international hub of commerce, education, culture, and finance so that by the 9th century,<ref name="Center of a World">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Center of a World|Codex: Center of a World]]</ref> it was a cosmopolitan city at the forefront of the world's scientific and literary advances.<ref name="Scientific Method">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Scientific Method|Codex: Scientific Method]]</ref><ref name="Translation Movement">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Translation Movement|Codex: Translation Movement]]</ref><ref name="Healthcare">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Healthcare|Codex: Healthcare]]</ref><ref name="Arabic as a Cultural Unifier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Arabic as a Cultural Unifier|Arabic as a Cultural Unifier]]</ref> The [[Mongol Empire]]'s [[Sack of Baghdad]] in 1258, which targeted much of the city's intellectual institutions like the [[House of Wisdom]],<ref name="Revelations novel">[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]]</ref> was the death-knell to the Abbasids and led to a decline that lasted many centuries.{{Fact|8 November 2023}}
When [[Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Abbasid Revolution|overthrew]] of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]], the new regime moved the capital from [[Damascus]] in the [[Levant]] to [[Baghdad]] in Iraq to be closer to the [[Iran|Persian]] allies who facilitated their victory.<ref name="Abbasid Revolution">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Abbasid Revolution|Codex: Abbasid Revolution]]</ref> Baghdad greatly grew to become an international hub of commerce, education, culture, and finance so that by the 9th century,<ref name="Center of a World">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Center of a World|Codex: Center of a World]]</ref> it was a cosmopolitan city at the forefront of the world's scientific and literary advances.<ref name="Scientific Method">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Scientific Method|Codex: Scientific Method]]</ref><ref name="Translation Movement">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Translation Movement|Codex: Translation Movement]]</ref><ref name="Healthcare">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Healthcare|Codex: Healthcare]]</ref><ref name="Arabic as a Cultural Unifier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Arabic as a Cultural Unifier|Arabic as a Cultural Unifier]]</ref> The [[Mongol Empire]]'s [[Sack of Baghdad]] in 1258, which targeted much of the city's intellectual institutions like the [[House of Wisdom]],<ref name="Revelations novel">[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]]</ref> was the death-knell to the Abbasids and led to a decline that lasted many centuries.{{Fact|8 November 2023}}


In 1936,<ref>{{WP|Baghdad Battery}}</ref> a group of archaeologists in an Iraqi digging site uncovered an [[Isu]] artifact they named [[Baghdad Battery]], though their function would remain a mystery for many decades.<ref name="File: Baghdad Battery">''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' – [[Noob's personal files]]: Crypto-History: Artifacts</ref>
In 1936,<ref>{{WP|Baghdad Battery}}</ref> a group of archaeologists in an Iraqi digging site uncovered an [[Isu]] artifact they named [[Baghdad Battery]], though their function would remain a mystery for many decades.<ref name="File: Baghdad Battery">''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' – [[Noob's personal files]]: Crypto-History: Artifacts</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
[[zh:伊拉克]]
[[Category:Countries in Asia]]
[[Category:Countries in Asia]]

Revision as of 04:00, 9 November 2023

Iraq is a country in the Middle East, whose territory is analogous to Babylonia and more broadly to the ancient cultural region known as Mesopotamia.

History

The modern state of Iraq emerged out of colonialism as the British and French partitioned the Ottoman Empire amongst themselves against promises of a united Arab state.[1][2][3][4] Despite this, the contemporary boundaries correspond roughly to those of older territorial entities, such as the province of Iraq under the Abbasid Caliphate,[5] the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, and the city-states of Sumer, all of which were situated in the fertile plains between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates.[6][7]

When Abbasid Caliphate overthrew of the Umayyad, the new regime moved the capital from Damascus in the Levant to Baghdad in Iraq to be closer to the Persian allies who facilitated their victory.[8] Baghdad greatly grew to become an international hub of commerce, education, culture, and finance so that by the 9th century,[9] it was a cosmopolitan city at the forefront of the world's scientific and literary advances.[10][11][12][13] The Mongol Empire's Sack of Baghdad in 1258, which targeted much of the city's intellectual institutions like the House of Wisdom,[14] was the death-knell to the Abbasids and led to a decline that lasted many centuries. [citation needed]

In 1936,[15] a group of archaeologists in an Iraqi digging site uncovered an Isu artifact they named Baghdad Battery, though their function would remain a mystery for many decades.[16]

In 2003, as part of the greater "War on Terror", the United States invaded Iraq. The Iraq War had been planned by the Templar Order as early as December 2000, who expected that their puppet, George W. Bush, would restart U.S-Iraq animosities and, therefore, provide work for Dick Cheney's military contractors.[17] The war toppled the government of Saddam Hussein and American occupation lasted until 2011.[18]

Appearances

This list is incomplete. You can help the Assassin's Creed Wiki by expanding it.

References

  1. ↑ McMahon–Hussein Correspondence on Wikipedia
  2. ↑ Arab Revolt on Wikipedia
  3. ↑ Sharifian Solution on Wikipedia
  4. ↑ Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Great War: The World in Upheaval". In Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past, 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 780–808.
  5. ↑ Cattette. "Abbasid Caliphate 850 AD". Wikimedia Commons. Last updated 29 March 2021. Accessed 8 November 2023.
  6. ↑ Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2018). "The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations". In Western Civilization, 10th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, pp. 1–31.
  7. ↑ Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.". In Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past, 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 2–129.
  8. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Codex: Abbasid Revolution
  9. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Codex: Center of a World
  10. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Codex: Scientific Method
  11. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Codex: Translation Movement
  12. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Codex: Healthcare
  13. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Arabic as a Cultural Unifier
  14. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Revelations novel
  15. ↑ Baghdad Battery on Wikipedia
  16. ↑ Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag – Noob's personal files: Crypto-History: Artifacts
  17. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood – Rifts: Cluster 7
  18. ↑ Iraq War on Wikipedia

zh:伊拉克

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