Shahkulu
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Shahkulu (died 1511) was a leader of the Shahkulu rebellion - a widespread pro-Shia and pro-Safavid uprising in Anatolia, directed against the Ottoman Empire in 1511.
History
In the early 16th century, Persia was consolidated by Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. Ismail, being a champion of Shi'ite faith and partially a Turkmen, was also sympathetic to the Turkmen of the Ottoman Empire, leading to him sending agents to Ottoman lands in order to attract supporters. His activities did not escape the attention of the Ottomans, but the Ottoman Empire was too preoccupied with the oncoming period of interregnum (gap in monarchy) during the last years of the reign of the crippled Sultan Bayezid II. As a result, Ismail was able to gain many supporters among Ottoman subjects, of which one such supporter was Karabıyıkoğlu, who adopted the title Shahkulu, meaning "servant of the shah". Ottoman sources however usually entitle him as Sheitankulu, meaning "Servant of the Devil". Shahkulu lived in the territory called Tekeli, named after the former beylik of Teke in a village near Antalya, southwestern Turkey, and was both a Shiite religious leader and a rebel leader.
After defeating the forces of Karagöz Ahmet Pasha and subsequently executing him, Shakulu's fame and prestige were increased, which, after raiding a royal caravan and killing a high-ranking Ottoman statesman, led his partisans to consider him invincible. As a result of Karagöz's execution, a second army was sent after Shahkulu, of which the commanders were Şehzade Ahmet, one of the claimants to throne, and the grand vizier Hadım Ali Pasha. They were able to corner Shahkulu near Altıntaş (in the modern day Kütahya Province), but instead of fighting, Ahmet tried to win over the Janissaries for his cause. Failing to accomplish his goal, he left the battlefield, in which Shahkulu saw his chance and escaped. However, with a smaller force, Ali Pasha chased after him and clashed with Shahkulu at Chubukova, between Kayseri and Sivas. The result of the battle was a draw, and Ali Pasha was killed.
Shahkulu retreated to Constantinople, and tortured many civilians that were brought to him. At one point, he consulted Manuel Palaiologos in Cappadocia. However, his actions received the attention of Ezio Auditore da Firenze, who crept into one of his sessions and assassinated him.
Gallery
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Shahkulu beating up an Ottoman spy.
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Shahkulu lays dead at Ezio's feet.
Source
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