United Kingdom

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London, England during the late 19th century.

England, known as the southeastern part of Britannia during the Roman Empire and a part of Britain in the Industrial age, is a country in western Europe. It became a constituent of the greater United Kingdom during modern times.

The city of London had been established as England's capital since the Norman conquests of 1066.

History

Renaissance

"Henry VII of the House of Tudor rules England with unflinching power. Though England enjoys peace and stability under his command, he may soon become a victim of Templar manipulation."

―An Assassin's observation, 1503.

During the mid-Renaissance era, London was ruled by King Henry VII, and the Templars Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck made attempts to obtain the English throne for their Order. However, their plans were thwarted by King Henry, as he imprisoned Lambert, and had Perkin hanged.

In 1503, Ezio Auditore da Firenze, the Mentor of the Italian Assassins, sent a group of his Assassin recruits to London to aid King Henry, and eliminate any remaining power the Templars held in the country. After convincing him that they had similar interests, the Assassins were sent after Simnel and Warbeck's co-conspirator, Margaret of York, and in November of that year, they made sure she died a "natural death" by using a discrete poison.

King Henry's Star Chamber.

Soon after, the other conspirators fled to smaller villages, and began to rally the civilians there to rise up against their king. The Assassins targeted only members of the Templar Order, and killed all but one. In exchange for his life, the Templar revealed that his Order had infiltrated King Henry's Star Chamber, the secret high court of England.

The apprentices quickly began a search for the infiltrators, and eventually tracked down a group of Englishmen signing documents for the Templar-affiliated Borgia family. As a reward for eliminating them, King Henry offered the Assassins a seat in the Star Chamber.

In 1553, Mary I became queen, and it soon became clear that she was either a Templar, or closely allied with them. She wished to restore England to Roman Catholicism, and in the process, she had almost 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake. The Assassins monitored her for a while before they finally assassinated her on the 17th of November in 1558.

After Mary, her half-sister Elizabeth I became the queen, and undid the damage that Mary had caused to England. During her reign, she had an Apple of Eden in her possession, and remained as Queen of England until her death in 1603.

Restoration era

"I am invited to England to receive my crown. I must prepare for my return. There are many things I must do once I am there. Many wrongs I must right!"

―Charles II, 1660.

The crowning of Charles II.

In 1642, the English Civil War began between King Charles I and the forces of the English Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell. King Charles eventually lost this war, and was beheaded on January 30, 1649. This led to his wife Henrietta Maria, and his son, the future King Charles II, into exile in France.

During Charles' time in France, Cromwell became Lord Protector, and was in charge of the country until Charles II was finally restored to the throne on 29 May 1660, with the help of General George Monck. At his crowning, King Charles noticed a man holding a sphere wrapped in a thick piece of cloth, who conversed with his General.

The British Empire

On 1 November 1700 King Charles II of Spain died. He bequethed Spain and her colonies to Philip of Anjou, the grandson of the King of France. This raised the prospect of the unification of Spain, France and there colonies which would be diasasterious to the other powers of Europe, so, in 1701 - England, Portugal and the Netherlands all sided with the Holy Roman Empire against Spain and France in the war of Spainish Succession.

In 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed - this was a soveriegn state (commonly known as a country). The previous Kingdoms of England and Scotland had already shared the same monarch after Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603 and was succeed by King James VI King of Scots.

By 1714, the war of Spainish Succession was over, with Spain and France providing the losers. Spain lost all it's empire in Europe, yet kept it's empire in the Phillipines and Americas. This made Spain irreversibly weakened as a great power. Philip renounced his decendants' rights to the French throne. The new British Empire was territorially enlarged - France ceded Newfoundland and Acadia and Spain ceded Minorca and Gibraltar (which is still a British overseas territory to this day).

1756 say the Seven Years' War was first war waged by on a global scale and saw British Involvement in Europe, India, North America, the Carribbean, the Philippines and Coastal parts of Africa. Britain rained victorious over France, which resulted in Britain ceasing New France from France, and Florida from Spain. The Carnatic War in India had left France in control of its enclaves, however, with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, India would soon be under British rule. This left Britain as the world's dominant colonial power.

Mercantilism, was a basic policy imposed by Britain on all its colonies. Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of all other empires. The British government protected its merchants, and kept other merchants out by trade barriers, regulations and subsides to domestic industries to reduce importing and encourage exporting more. The government fought smuggling which was a common technique in America. The aim of Mercantilism to run trader surpluses, so that gold and

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goto London. The government took its shares through taxes and duties with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. Much of the governments revenue was spent on Britain's Navy - The Royal Navy. The navy could not only protect British colonies, but also threaten the colonies of other empires and sometimes seize them. In 1664 the Royal Navy captured New Amsterdam in 1664, later named New York.

In 1773, a political protest broke out in Boston, as many protestors destoried three ships worth of British tea by throwing it into the harbour, known as the Boston Tea Party. This remains an iconic even in American History. In 1775 the American war of independance broke out between Britain and the Thirteen Colonies. The colonists declared American independance in 1776, and went onto win the war in 1783 with the assistance of France. This marked the transition between the Britsih "first" and "second" empires.

Modern times

In the late nineteenth century, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn was founded in London, led by William Robert Woodman, William Wynn Westcott, and Samuel Liddell Mathers. The organization was closely tied to the occult, which was frowned upon by the society, and was therefore forced to stay secret. However, due to tensions and a struggle for power, the Order soon started to decline, until it eventually fell apart.

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Margaret Thatcher.

A century later, the United Kingdom was involved in World War II, a Templar plot devised to create their New World Order. The Prime Minister at the time, Winston Churchill, was secretly a Templar puppet, and worked with the man that was supposed to be his greatest enemy, Adolf Hitler, in order to orchestrate the transfer of a Piece of Eden.

From 1979 to 1990, Margaret Thatcher held the position of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and she too was manipulated by the Templar shadow-company Abstergo Industries. During her reign, she installed Boris Yeltsin, a fellow Templar, as Russia's new president.