User:Lacrossedeamon/Datamined list of Odyssey POI

Kephallonia

Cave of the Nymphs

• This cave served as a shelter for the Naiads, young nymphs who spun the sea into a glistening purple cloth. Odysseus prayed here in joy upon his return.

Eumaios's Pig Farm

• Eumaios was Odysseus's loyal swineherd. He was the first to welcome him back to Troy and assisted him in the slaughter of Penelope's suitors.

Melanthios's Goat Farm

• Melanthios, Odysseus's goatherd, mistook him for a beggar upon his return and hit him. Sure his master had died in Troy, he betrayed him to impress Penelope's suitors.

Phorkys Anchorage

• Named for the ancient sea god Phorkys, this bay was the first sight Odysseus saw upon his return. It provides a natural shelter for sailors from rough waters.

Raven’s Rock

• Odysseus planned the murder of his wife's suitors here upon his return.

Paliki Vineyards

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Cyclops's Lair

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Lumber Shipyard

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Village of Kausos

• Kausos is the ancient Greek word for fever, a symptom of malaria noted by Hippokrates. The disease was a driving force behind the depopulation of rural areas.

Markos's Vineyard

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Drogarati Cave

• Prehistoric bones were found inside this cave, which reaches depths of 95 meters.

Melissani Cave

• The Melissani Cave is dedicated to the god Pan. Located 20 m below ground, it is 160 m long and 40 m deep. It contains stalactites that are over 20,000 years old.

Lake Abythos

• Located near the city of Pronnoi, Kephallonia's only lake is so deep that it was long believed to have no bottom.

Duris's House

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Temple of Zeus

• Early Greek temples were built out of clay and wood. Stone structures weren't adopted until the seventh century BCE.

Ktesipos's Shipwreck

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Sami

• Sami is the oldest city on Kephallonia, an island reputed for the wood of its abies cephalonica fir trees.

Cave of Tethys

• The titan daughter of Uranus and Gaia, Tethys married her brother Okeanos and became the mother of Greece's rivers.

Temenos of Zeus Ainesios

• Here, atop the island's tallest mountain, two of Jason's argonauts prayed to the Zeus of Ainos to give them the strength to defeat winged monsters called Harpies.

Shepherd's Hill Kleptous Lookout Kleptous Bay

• The ancient Greek word "kleptes" lives on as the root word of kleptomania, which describes an impulse to steal - usually without an economic motive.

Tomb of the Suitors

• This Mycenaean tomb notably housed the bones of seventy-two people. Among the remains were valuable offerings discovered near Pronnoi, believed to have belonged to ancient Ithakan nobility.

Megaris

Fort Geraneia

• Mt. Geraneia, or "crane hill," was named for the flock of cranes that showed Megaros the way to its peak to escape a flood.

Persian Cliff

• This Persian cliff was named after the nephew of Darius. He attempted to kill the Megarians by night, but ended up shooting arrows into the cliff face instead.

Stone Pyramid

• This small stone pyramid was built at the city limit in tribute to Apollo Karinos.

Tomb of the Amazons

• This diamond-shaped tomb depicts an Amazonian shield. It's dedicated to the Queen of the Amazons, Hyppolyta, who was defeated by Theseus and died of grief.

Pagai

• Pagai held strategic importance during the Persian War, and played a pivotal role during the Peloponnesian War.

Panormos

• Panormos was renowned for its harbor, an excellent site to drop anchor.

Eirena Military Camp

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Megara

• Megara occupied a territory that held great military and commercial significance in mainland Greece.

Persian Trireme

• The Persians fought a losing battle at Salamis. The resulting shipwrecks littered the Greek coasts, souvenirs of their defeat.

Sanctuary of Athena

• The Sanctuary of Athena was built on the Akropolis. Inside were three temples dedicated to worshipping her.

Temenos of Ino

• Megarians believe the corpse of Ino washed up on the coast after she threw herself into the sea with her dead son. There is a sacrifice each year in her honor.

Leader House

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Achaia

Dyme

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Patrai

• As the most prominent city in the region, Patrai was used as a naval base during the Peloponnesian War. It was also known for having twice as many women as men in its population.

Shipwreck Cove

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Pellene

• Pellene has the distinction of being the first city in Achaia to join Sparta in the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE.

Teichos of Herakles

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Boura

• Nestled in the mountains, Boura was either named for Ion's daughter or the centaur Dexamenos, who owned cattle there. A site nearby was used to learn about the future by throwing knucklebones.

Argolis

Depleted Silver Mine

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Nauplia

• Nauplia, meaning “naval station,” is the port of Argolis. The Spartans arrived by boat for the Battle of Sepeia after sacrifices yielded unfavorable omens advising them not to cross the Eranos River.

Argos

• Founded at the foot of two akropolises, Argos has been occupied since prehistoric times. Praised for its heroes, it gained great fame in the fifth century BCE for its talented sculptors.

Buried Head of Medusa

• It was said that Medusa’s head, which was brought back by Perseus, was found in a mound of earth near the Argos agora.

Hall of the Forty-Nine Skulls

• Danaos’s fifty daughters each received a dagger for their marriages to his brother Aigyptos’s fifty sons. Though Danaos commanded his daughters kill their husbands, one chose to save her spouse.

Leader House

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Monument of Melissa

• The tomb of the Korinthian tyrant Polykrates’s wife was located near Epidauros. Her husband killed her after a fit of jealousy.

Heraion of Argos

• Founded in the ninth century BCE on a hillside, the sanctuary of Hera housed many buildings. The oldest temple dedicated to this goddess, protector of the city, was burned in 423 BCE by Chrysis.

Fort Tiryns

• On a rocky hill in the Argive plains, “mighty-walled" Tiryns was the second most important site in the Mycenaean world. Linked with Herakles, it had a palace, Cyclopean walls, and tunnels.

Altar of Zeus

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Asklepios Health Camp

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Abaton

• The abaton was the dormitory where, after a series of rites, the sick would receive visions from Asklepios in a dream. The visions were then interpreted by the sanctuary’s priest-physicians.

Olive Tree of Herakles

Herakles’s club was made of wood from a wild olive tree near the Saronida sea. Sanctuary of Asklepios

• This place was famous in Greece for attracting sick pilgrims. After the sick performed various rituals - fast, bath, and sacrifice - Asklepios would come to them in a dream and bring healing.

Epidauros

• Epidauros was strategically placed between Athens and Argos as an entry point for pilgrims. They would travel from all over Greece to the nearby healing sanctuary of Asklepios.

Stele of Themistokles

• In the face of invading Persians, this Athenian decree saw the evacuation of old men, furniture, goods, women, and children. Then, they boarded two hundred triremes with all able Athenians to fight.

Arkadia

Battle of the Giants and Gods

• Here, frightening beings of invincible strength, the Giants, avenged the Titans who were ousted by the Olympians. In result, the Giants were struck by lightning and pierced with flying arrows.

Racecourse of Atalanta

• Atalanta would marry only if her suitor could beat her in a footrace. One suitor, Hippomenes, cunningly put golden apples in her path. Curious, she stopped to gather them and was forced to marry him.

Statue of Fury Demeter

• Furious at Poseidon’s advances, Demeter turned into a mare to elude the sea god. It was in vain, however, because Poseidon also turned into a horse. Their union produced the legendary horse Areion.

Phigaleia Fishing Port

• Phigaleia was the home of the famed pankratiast Arrachion, who won posthumously when his opponent suffocated him illegally during a bout. His corpse was named the winner at the 564 BCE Olympic Games.

Stymphalos

• Legendary man-eating birds lived near Stymphalos. As they increased in number, they became a menace, devastating crops and hurling their steel feathers. Herakles was the one to defeat them.

Madness Cave

• It was in this cave in the Aroanian mountains that the daughters of Proitos, king of the Tiryns, took refuge after Dionysos drove them mad.

Daidalos's Statue of Herakles

• Located at the border of Messenia and Arkadia, this statue is said to have been created by the famous Daidalos. This eclectic artist was known as a skilled inventor, architect, and sculptor.

Tegea

• Tegea was one of the oldest and most powerful cities in Arkadia. Its first king was famous for killing one of Herakles’s sons.

Statue of Artemis in the Cedar

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Smuggler's Port

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Attika

Entrance to the Underworld

• Many entrances to the underworld were known in ancient Greece. This entrance is linked to where Demeter’s daughter was abducted by Hades, who stole her away to the underworld, wanting to marry her.

Anthion Flowery Well

• It was here that Demeter, disguised as an old woman, is said to have met the daughters of Eleusis’s first king, Keleos. She took refuge in his home, teaching him rituals of her famed cult in Eleusis.

Cake Stand

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Kerkyon Wrestling Ground

• It was on the road from Eleusis to Megara that Kerkyon forced travelers to wrestle, killing those he defeated. In consequence, he was violently put to death by Theseus.

Tomb of the Epigones

• Following Theseus’s intervention, King Adrastos of Argos and Sikyon buried the ashes of the seven leaders killed during the expedition against Thebes here.

Spring of Rheitoi

• The saltwater streams in the fertile plain of Thria between Eleusis and Athens were called Rheitoi. The Spartan king Archidamos also routed the Athenian cavalry here.

Sanctuary of Eleusis

• Located on a rich plain, the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone was the site of important religious festivities. The large size of the Telesterion attests to the popularity of the initiatory cult.

Fort Phyle

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Cave of Pan

• Known for its boulders and stalagmites resembling a herd of goats, this grotto dedicated to Pan is located near Marathon, on the south coast.

Statue of Artemis Tauropolos

• The most famous statue of Artemis near this altar was brought back from Tauris by Iphigenia. Some say that it was stolen by the Persians, while others say that it was in Sparta or dedicated in Attika.

Marathon

• Marathon owes its name to the fennel thriving in its swamps. It was known for the great battle between 10,000 Greeks and 500,000 Persians in 490 BCE. 6,400 Persians died versus only 192 Athenians.

Marble Trophy

• After the battle of Marathon, the Athenians and their allies erected a marble trophy to mark their victory and the 6,400 Persians killed.

Acharnai Military Camp

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Cemetery Road

• Along the road leaving the city were state-funded collective burial mounds for soldiers who died in combat, as well as a number of noteworthy private tombs. Perikles was buried here in 429 BCE.

Kolonos Hippios

• This hill was home to an altar shared by Poseidon and Athena, honored as protectors of horses, which were used for transport, war, racing, and hunting.

Tower of Timon

• In the time of Perikles, the misanthrope Timon shut himself away on a farm, in a tower that served as both a refuge and granary.

Dekelia

• During the Peloponnesian War, Dekelia was used as a Spartan base at Alkibiades’s recommendation. The location allowed the Spartans to be at the crossroads of supply routes.

Agora of Athens

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Statue of Athena

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Athens

• Athens achieved glory in the fifth century BCE under Perikles, who made it a great military power at the head of an alliance of cities. It was the birthplace of democracy.

Areopagus

• Named for being Ares's rock, this hill sat next to the Akropolis. In mythology, it is where Ares was judged for killing Poseidon’s son. The Areopagus was the court that decided homicide cases.

Altar of the Twelve Gods

• This altar dedicated to the twelve gods seems to have also served as a place of refuge and a topographical point of reference. Herodotos used it to give sample distances.

Archaic Agora

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Panathenaia

• The boat that was used during Panathenaic processions was kept near the Areopagus. Equipped with wheels for the occasion, it was pulled like a parade float.

Statue of Aphrodite

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Gate of Dipylon

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Erechtheion

• Known for its caryatids, this asymmetrical temple was dedicated to Poseidon, Athena, and two legendary kings, Erechtheus and Kekrops. It was the most significant site of worship at the Akropolis.

Memorial of the Amazons

• The tomb of the Amazon Antiope was located near the temple of Zeus Olympian. Theseus mortally wounded her during the Amazonian invasion of Attika.

Monument of Hippolytos

• This cenotaph was erected in honor of Theseus’s son, with whom Phaidra, his father’s wife, fell in love. When he rebuffed her, Phaidra accused him of violence, bringing about his death.

Parthenon

• Built to the glory of Athens’s protector, the Parthenon housed the gold and ivory statue of Athena made by Phidias. Made of Pentelic marble, the structure held the city’s and Delian League’s riches.

Perikles's Residence

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Odeon of Perikles

• The Odeon showed musical performances and was modeled after the Persian king Xerxes’s tent, which was brought back as plunder. It was the largest building in Athens and the first theater to receive a roof.

Pnyx

• Situated on a hill, this was where Athenians gathered for assemblies. Decrees were ratified, budgets voted on, and administration members appointed. It was where citizens could have a voice.

Propylea

• This gateway marked the entrance of the Akropolis sanctuary. Constructed of Pentelic marble, it had a central building with five gates and was the end of the Sacred Way. Two wings housed paintings.

Prytaneion

• The goal of this court was to judge objects that had committed murder. The attempt of these legal actions removed the stains of blood spilled in the crime.

Sanctuary of Apollo Secret Stairway Spring and Well Statue of Demeter and Kore

• The statues of Demeter, goddess of the fruitful earth, and her daughter, Kore, stood near the sacred gate. They kept watch over the road connecting Athens and the Sanctuary of Eleusis.

Monument of the Eponymous Heroes

• Official documents, including the list of military contingents, were posted on this monument dedicated to the eponymous heroes of Athens.

Temple of Themis

• On the slopes of the Akropolis was the temple of Themis, goddess of justice, law, and fairness. She succeeded her mother, Gaia, as the possessor of the Oracle of Delphi, later giving it to Apollo.

Temple of Zeus

• The Temple of Zeus at the foot of the Akropolis was a vast temple dedicated to Olympian Zeus. Construction began under the tyrant Peisistratos but was interrupted by the emergence of democracy.

Theater of Dionysos

• This was built inside the god’s sanctuary and introduced Greek theater to the heart of the city. The great works of Euripides, Aischylos, Sophokles, and Aristophanes were performed there.

Altar of Athena

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Akropolis Sanctuary

• A symbol of Athens’s grandeur, the Akropolis was built at the city’s peak. After the Persian Wars, Perikles hired famous artists to erect this imposing sanctuary with the Delian League’s wealth.

Garden of Kynosarges

• This place owes its origins to the hero Didymos, who - wanting to make a sacrifice to the god of wine - was stopped by a white (argos) dog (kunos) who stole the animal he intended to sacrifice.

Fishing Village

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Lykeion Garden

• This place tells the story of Lykos, a priest and mythical seer who instituted the cult of Apollo Lykeios. The priest of this cult had a reserved place at the theater of Dionysos.

Statue of Zeus at Mt. Hymettos

• Located southeast of Athens, Mount Hymettos was 1,026 m high and known for its marble, its honey - the only source of sugar in ancient Greece - and its altar to Zeus Ombrios, bringer of rain.

Silver Mine

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Lavrio

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Sanctuary of Sounion

• On the edge of Attika, this sanctuary housed a temple of Poseidon. Sitting above the Aegean Sea, it enabled sailors to pray to Poseidon for safe passage on the seas.

Shipwreck

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Boeotia

Pits of Megara

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Port of Kreusis

• Kreusis was a fortified port dependent on Thespiai, but also used by Thebes. Protected from violent winds by a mole, it was the main Boeotian naval port on the Gulf of Korinth.

Lebadeia

• Lebadeia was mainly known for the Oracle of Trophonios, which was consulted by people everywhere. Neraby was also a sanctuary of Zeus Basileos, the city’s protective deity.

City of Orchomenos

• The former capital of the legendary Minyan race formed a district of Boeotia. The city’s protector, Zeus, and Dionysos were honored there, but its most famous sanctuary was to the Charites, also called the Graces.

Military Fort of Gla

• Gla was already fortified in the Mycenaean period. A Cyclopean wall surrounded the city on an island in Lake Kopais. A drainage system emptied and filled the lake to irrigate the plain.

Specter on the Rock

• Akteon, who was devoured by his dogs after seeing Artemis bathing naked, haunted this rock. An oracle ordered the hero’s remains be buried and a statue be erected where annual sacrifices were made.

Stele of Leitos

• Leitos was a Theban detachment polemarch during the Trojan War. He was the only Theban leader to return home after the war, but was injured by the Trojan hero Hektor.

Thebes

• This illustrious city shares a legendary past with Oedipous and his desperate descendants, the legends of Herakles, and the men who sprang forth from planted snake teeth.

Bridge to Euboea

• It is said that construction of the first bridge between Euboea and the continent began across the Euripos Strait during the Peloponnesian War. Theramenes the Athenian tried to stop its construction.

Chariot of Amphiaraos

• As a leader and seer, Amphiaraos took part in the expedition of the seven against Thebes. According to myth, Zeus threw a thunderbolt, causing the earth to open and swallow him and his chariot.

Site of Iphigenia's Sacrifice

• To appease Artemis who had immobilized his fleet, Agamemnon thought to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia. At the last minute, a goddess took pity, substituted a doe, and made Iphigenia a priestess.

Mykalessos

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Fort of Plataia

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Battleground of Plataia

• The Battle of Plataia - the last land battle of the Greco-Persian Wars - took place here in 479 BCE. This decisive victory brought Xerxes’s Persian invasion to a permanent end.

Tumulus of Plataia

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Sanctuary of Aphrodite

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Sanctuary of Athena

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Statue of Nemesis

• The statue personified divine retribution and punished excess. Sculpted by Phidias from the block of marble brought by the Persians, they intended to use it as a trophy pedestal after taking Athens.

Elis

Demiurgi Fort

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Kyllene

• Located on the coast, Kyllene was a base for the Eleian fleet. Aphrodite and Asklepios were worshipped there with statues made of ivory. The cult of Hermes was particularly popular.

Olympic Shipwreck

• The Olympic Games drew many travelers, many of whom came by sea. Shipwrecks were frequent and a valid excuse for athletes’ late arrivals.

Elis

• Elis was created by the merging of villages, forming one of the biggest cities in the Peloponnese. It was especially well known for its sanctuary of Olympia, which gave it prestige and wealth.

Leader House

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Statue of Herakles

• There was a statue of Herakles at the edge of the road from Elis to Olympia, called the Sacred Way. The statue was dedicated by a citizen of Taranto, a Spartan colony in southern Italy.

Fort Koroibos Altar of Zeus

• This altar was made of sacrificed ashes mixed with Alpheios River water. On the third day of the Games, 100 oxen offered by the Eleians were killed, giving them sovereignty over the shrine.

Olympic Pool

• This rectangular pool was equipped with a water supply and drainage system.The Greek baths were adjacent.

Pelopeion

• It was dedicated to Pelops, which inspired the name “Peloponnese.” His cult developed into the founding myth of the Olympic Games, and a black ram was sacrificed in his honor every year.

Phidias's Workshop

• Phidias was the greatest Greek sculptor. He created many masterpieces, including the Olympic sanctuary’s gold and ivory statue of Zeus, which was considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Hippodrome

• Horse races were some of the most popular and spectacular events of the Olympic Games, featuring races of chariots pulled by two horses (biga) and four horses (quadriga), as well as mounted races.

Stadium

• Various types of races and contests took place in the stadium. Embankments contained spectators on the 192 m track. This length became a unit of measure the Greeks called the "stadion."

Temple of Hera

• The Heraia were games for women organized in honor of Hera. Every four years, the sixteen Elis women in charge of organizing the Heraia wove a new veil for the goddess and placed it in her temple.

Sanctuary of Olympia

• Constructed in the heart of Elide was this important sanctuary. Olympic games were celebrated every four years to honor Zeus and Hera, and brought eternal glory to the winners.

Forest of Pholos

• Herakles met the centaur Pholos here while hunting the Erymanthian boar. When Pholos opened a jar of wine, other armed centaurs arrived, and Herakles fought them, killing all - including Pholos.

Cave of Ionides

• Constructed by mortals, this resembled the cave on Ida where it was said that Zeus spent his youth. It was a grotto where Zeus was honored, located near the Kronion, the hill of Kronos.

Olympic Tree

• The wild olive tree from which Olympic winners’ crowns were made was called the olive tree of the “beautiful crown.” Branches were cut with a golden sickle.

Keos

Koressia

• Close to Attika on the northwest side of the island, Koressia could be reached from Athens in 24 hours. Its economic history was tied to its silver mines and the miltos used to paint triremes.

Leader House

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Poiessa Village

• Located on the west coast of the island and bordering a fertile valley, Poiessa was an important farming area. Its spot was advantageous for coastal defense and monitoring maritime traffic to Athens.

Koressia Fort

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Akropolis of Karthaia

• The Akropolis of Karthaia housed sacred buildings, including the temples of Apollo and of Athena. Public laws were recorded inside the temple of Apollo, the divine protector of the island.

Lestris Island

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Korinthia

Tomb of Lykios

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Korinth

• Korinth was a major commercial city that controlled the Isthmus of Korinth through its two ports on the Aegean Sea and the Gulf of Korinth. Its position contributed to its prosperity in trades.

Sacred Cave

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House of the Cursed Victim

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The Monger's Warehouse

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Porneion

• Prostitution establishments, called porneions, were generally found in commercial areas - near ports, or agoras. The women who made this their trade could be either slaves or free women.

Dromos

• This racetrack in the Korinthian agora is one of the oldest, built in the sixth century BCE. Its layout seems to confirm knowledge and the use of pi.

Fountain of Peirene

• The fountain of Peirene was in the middle of the city - near the road leading to the port. It was made up of many reservoirs, and, according to tradition, was connected with the spring on the Akrokorinth.

Statue of Dionysos

• The statue was made from the tree where Pentheus, who opposed the god’s cult, spied on both his mother and the Maenads in full Dionysian frenzy. He was pulled from the tree and torn limb from limb.

Statue of Poseidon

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Temple of Apollo

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Theater

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Tomb of Medeas's Children

• Mermeros and Pheres were killed by their mother when their father, Jason, deserted her for Glauke, the Korinthian king’s daughter. An oracle advised the Korinthians establish rituals in their honor.

Leader House

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Altar of Melikertes

• Melikertes met a sad fate, ultimately ending when his mother threw both of them into the sea. Sisyphos found Melikertes’s body and buried it. He founded a cult and the Isthmian Games in his honor.

Argo Wreckage

• Jason and the Argonauts’ ship, Argo, was built by Argos and Athena. The goddess carved the bow from one of Dodona’s sacred oaks. The ship was dedicated to Poseidon at Korinth after the expedition.

Diolkos East Ramp

• This seven km paved ramp had a track so boats could cross the Isthmus of Korinth without having to go around the Peloponnese. It was used by both military and commercial boats.

Sanctuary of Isthmia

• This extra-urban sanctuary was devoted to Poseidon. Biannual games as famous as the Olympics were held here. In the fifth century BCE, an Athenian law granted 100 drachmae to Athenian winners.

Sinis Torture Grounds

• This ruthless bandit was in the habit of bending trees to tie people to them. When the trees were released, they pulled the unfortunate victims apart. Theseus killed him as punishment.

Akrokorinth Fort

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Spring of Peirene

• Legend has it that Bellerophon, son of Korinth’s King Glaukos, captured the winged horse, Pegasos, when he came to drink at the spring of Peirene on the Akrokorinth.

Constellation of Merope

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Grove of Cyprus Trees

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Private Farm

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Sanctuary of Aphrodite

• One of the most famous temples to the goddess of love towered over the city on the Akrokorinth. Numerous courtesans engaged in their trade inside, contributing greatly to the sanctuary’s prosperity.

Port of Kechries

• This port was ideally situated at the crossroads of eastern land and sea-trade routes. Aphrodite and Poseidon - whose bronze statues bordered the sea - were venerated there.

Cyclopean Head of Medusa

• A Medusa’s head allegedly shaped by Cyclopean hands was set up in Argolis. Various monuments in the Peloponnese were attributed to Cyclopes "builders."

Bellerophron's Garden

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Lakonia

Paidiskoi Camp

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Tainaros

• Tainaros was on the Peloponnese’s middle peninsula. It had red and black marble quarries and was also presumed to be a gateway to the underworld. It was guarded by Cerberus and was used by Herakles.

Pitana

• Like Mesoa, Pitana was one of the four original villages that formed Sparta. The Agiads, one of Sparta’s royal families, originated there.

Persian Trophies

• A stoa was raised on the agora using Persian spoils after the Greco-Persian Wars. Columns nearby featured defeated Persians such as Darius’s general, Mardonios.

Dromos

• The Dromos course was for footraces, but it was also the place where young people were integrated into the city. Young Spartans offered sacrifices at a statue of Herakles when they became adults.

The Seven Pillars

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Tomb of Leonidas

• Forty years after the battle of Thermopylai - around 440 BC - Leonidas’s bones were brought to Sparta. A hero's shrine was set up, and a stele inscribed with the names of the soldiers at Thermopylai.

Tomb of Orestes

• Orestes’s bones were returned to Sparta from Tegea on the Delphic Oracle’s advice. The Spartans thus enabled eternal protection of the hero, who was associated with the city’s legendary past.

Leader House

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Sparta

• With one of the largest territories, Sparta had a great land-based military power, governing all Lakedaimonians. They were divided into Spartan citizens, free residents, slaves, and mothax.

Statue of Dionysos

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Village of Gytheion

• Sparta based its military power mainly on its land troops, preferring to use its allies’ naval contributions. Despite this, they used Glytheion as a port.

Mesoa

• Mesoa was one of the four villages that united in the eighth century BCE to form the Spartan city-state under the authority of two families of kings: the Eurypontids and the Agiads.

Geronthai

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Fort of Praisai

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Menelaion

• This sanctuary sat on a rocky cliff overlooking the city and fertile plains. It was dedicated to the Spartan king Menelaus and his wife, Helen, over whom the Trojan War was fought for ten years.

Akriai

• The Perioikoi were a group of Spartan “subcitizens” who lived in the rural areas of Lakonia and Messenia. They had local autonomy, but seem to have been subject to a special tax.

Krokeai

• The Perioikoi may not have been equal to Spartan citizens, but they too were involved in the military affairs of the Lakedaimonian army, serving as hoplites.

Cave of Poseidon

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Hunting Ground

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Lokris

Alponos

• Alponos, the first village founded in Lokris, was also famous for serving as the Greek naval base during the Persian Wars.

Opous

• Opous was Lokris’s main city and the hometown of the hero Patroklos. It was famed for aiding Leonidas during the Persian wars and for its pirates harassing fifth-century BCE Athenian traders.

Xerxes Military Fort

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Leader House

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Malis

Leader House

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Persian Remains

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Messenia

Messene

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Aipeia

• Before Epimelides of Thebes renamed the area Korone, it was known as Aipeia until the liberation of Messenia. The area had a sanctuary to Apollo Korythos, who was celebrated for his healing powers.

Leader House

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Paradise Islands

Naxos

• As the largest of the Kyklades, Naxos was known for its marble and emery. It was also the birthplace of Dionysos, and where Ariadne was abandoned by her beloved Theseus.

Cave of Mt. Zas

• Naxos Island is peppered with places that have been pinpointed as important in Zeus's youth. The god of men and gods had been everywhere, including the cave of Mt. Drios on Naxos.

Fort of the Aloades Bronze Vessel of Ares

• Ares was punished on Naxos for the murder of Adonis, Aphrodite’s beloved. The Aloadai, Poseidon’s sons, imprisoned Ares in a large bronze jar for thirteen long months.

Sanctuary of Mt. Zas

• The sanctuary of Zeus was located on the island’s highest point. It was built where Zeus hid from his father, Kronos, until he was old enough to fight the Titans.

Shipwreck of Dionysos and the Pirate

• Taking revenge on pirates who kidnapped him for money, Dionysos immobilized their ship in ivy vines. Driven mad, the pirates dove into the water and were turned into dolphins.

Apollonas

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Phokis

Lalaia

• The city was named for the nymph Lalaia, daughter of the river god Kephisos. It was built near the springs the nymph was believed to protect.

Olive Grove of Amphissa

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Chora of Delphi

• Since the city of Delphi operated a Panhellenic sanctuary, the surrounding area enjoyed the special status associated with the oracle's property.

Korykian Cave

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Grave of Laios

• When he went to consult the Oracle of Delphi, Laios, the father of Oedipous, was killed by his son without either knowing who the other was.

Kastalian Fountain

• Pilgrims, the Pythia, and priests alike were required to perform ablutions here before consulting the oracle.

Sanctuary of Delphi

• The Panhellenic Sanctuary of Delphi was renowned for the Oracle of Apollo, and considered the center of the world in ancient Greece.

Kirrha

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Leader House

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Cave of the Forgotten Isle

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Ketos Shipwreck

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Attika pt2

Salamis

• Looking at the Salamis strait will always evoke the Greeks' victory over the Persians. Forced to fight in this narrow strait, the Persians couldn't make full use of their naval strength, and perished.

Lighthouse of the Father of Ajax

• Ajax's father went with Jason on the quest for the golden fleece and the Kalydonian boar, and then to Salamis after killing his own brother. He watched the boat taking his sons to Troy from the port.

Temple of Athena Skiras

• This temple was located on a headland on the island’s north side, facing Attika. The shrine hosted a grand feast each year in honor of Athena, the protector of Salamis’s farmers and sailors.

Ariabignes Shipwreck

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Misc.

Limnai

• Limnai was one of the original villages that formed Sparta. The temple of Artemis Orthia was nearby, whose worship was associated with the long process for future Spartan citizens.

Leader House

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Red Lake

• Aptly named “white gold,” sea salt was vital for adding flavor to food, but also for conserving, dyeing, and perfumery. The harvesting and trading of sea salt was a strictly systematized business.

Garden of Hyrnetho

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Statue of Asklepios

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Altar of Apollo Maleatas

• Apollo Maleatas and Asklepios shared this sacred place on Mount Kynortion. Starting in the eighth century BCE, people worshipped Apollo as both a physician and as Asklepios’s father.

Gymnasium

• This was the training ground for athletes, who coated their bodies in olive oil and sprinkled on sand for sun protection and body temperature regulation. After training, it was removed with a strigil.

Tavern

• In Athens, there were numerous taverns, whose managers were often mocked in the plays of Aristophanes. The wine served in taverns could be red, white, or rosé, and up to 16% proof.

Phidias's Workshop

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House of Aphrodite

• Brothels were located near the Kerameikos quarter, which was named for its numerous pottery workshops.

Weapon Storage

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Pottery Market

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Port of Lechaion

• The port of Lechaion was artificially made in the time of Periander on the Gulf of Korinth. The city was connected to the port by long walls and to the port of Kechries by the Diolkos trackway.

Lost Garden of Bacchylides

• Bacchylides, a great poet of the fifth century BCE, was born on the island. His poems celebrated the gods, Athenian democracy, and Olympic winners such as the tyrant of Syrakousai.

Artemisia Fort

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Smuggler's Shipwreck

• The hollow cast-bronze statue of Zeus or Poseidon - known as the Artemision Bronze - was found off this cape.

Psaros Pyrgos

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Sacred Lake

• This round body of water is one of the main features of Delos’s landscape. In antiquity, those who fished in it risked punishment.

Terrace of the Lions

• Dating back to the seventh century BCE, the Terrace of the Lions facing the Sacred Lake originally consisted of at least nine marble statues, like the avenues of Egyptian sphinxes.

Temple of Hera

• This temple was dedicated to Hera, who forbade the world from receiving the pregnant goddess, Leto. Only Delos welcomed her, where she gave birth to Artemis and Apollo.

Shrine of Herakles

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Miltiades Fort

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Statue of Theseus

• When Theseus returned to Athens, other factions had seized power. He decided to leave the city and return to Skyros, but he was betrayed by King Lykomedes, who tossed him off a cliff.

Fortified Marble Quarry

• Paros’s marble was the most famous in ancient history. With an exquisite white color and a ghostly transparency, it was used throughout the world for the most prestigious sculptures and buildings.

Temple of Athena

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Dystos Fort

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Simia Checkpoint

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Gimno Outpost

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Bay of Nobody

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Sanctuary of Apollo

• Headquarters to the Delian League, the sanctuary held the League’s treasury in the Temple of Apollo until its transfer to Athens. It was a prestigious site for pilgrimages, festivals, and games.

Artemision

• Dedicated to Apollo’s sister, the temple of Artemis was built on Mycenaean ruins and housed offerings of gold, ivory, and bronze. It is one of the oldest monuments on Delos and in Aegean Greece.

Treasuries

• Arranged in a semicircle, these five sacred buildings were mainly used to store offerings and holy materials.

Vrisa Fort

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Thasos Theater

• The theater was built in a natural dip on the akropolis and offered a beautiful view of the sea. Erected in the fifth century BCE, it was where the writer Hegemon invented a form of parody.

Myrina Fort

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Mykonos City

• According to mythology, Mykonos was created from the petrified bodies of giants killed by Herakles. The city was famous for its blue granite and abundant wells.

Fort Lato

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Small Settlement

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Warrior's Rest

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Kazania Fishing Village

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Heraion of Samos

• The Heraion of Samos and the Heraion of Argos were the largest sanctuaries dedicated to Hera in the Greek world. Samos’s sanctuary was one of the very first temples made of stone.

Herb Fishing Village

• Fishing has a crucial role in Greek society. It's a staple in their diet - especially for people of modest means. Greeks mastered line, net, and even harpoon fishing.

Skandeia Harbor

• This port on the island’s east coast was in the only easily accessible bay. It had a strategic role in controlling maritime trade with states in the southern Aegean, especially with Egypt and Libya.

Leader House

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Leader House

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Leader House

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Death Gorge

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Leader House

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Daidalos Fort

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Gortyn Code

• Inscribed in the fifth century BCE, this famous piece of legislation regulated Gortyn's civil life. It included the management of family affairs affecting inheritance, divorce, adoption, and widowhood.

Leader House

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Cave of Potnia Theron

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Cave of Arktoi

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Artemis Cave

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Bolissos Cave

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Paktyes Cavern

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Drakontospilo

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Cave of Rhea

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Anaphi Shipwreck

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Arkalochori Cave

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Daidalos Armory

• Daidalos was an architect, sculptor, inventor, and artisan known in antiquity for creating wonders of the Greek world. One of his most legendary contributions was the labyrinth.

Thilakas Cave

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Abandoned Mines

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The Bull of Oreos

• A number of bull statues have been found in Greece. Bulls were dedicated to gods as offerings.

Angelos Cave

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Harpagos Cave

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Ogylos Cave

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Hunter's Cave

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Hermit's Cave

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Seaside Cavern

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Gerontospilios

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Murex Fort

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Pilgrimage Site

• The oldest sanctuary of Aphrodite drew just as many sailors while in port as it did pilgrims coming for celebrations honoring the goddess.

Empedokles's Effigy

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Murex Dyeing Facility

• The purple dye for clothing came from shellfish. Captured alive, they exhaled their colored juices at death. Millions of snails were needed to get a small amount of the special substance.

Katarraktes Cave

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Northern Cave

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Rhamnous Military Camp

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Thorikos Military Camp

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Anthemokritos Camp

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Hippokrates's Clinic

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Eretria

• This city on the island’s west coast was known as the first target during the Persians’ raid against Greece. Eretria was violently attacked for six days, with many residents taken to Persia.

Cave of Kratos

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Fountain of Glauke

• This fountain was named after Jason's second wife, who threw herself in after wearing a poisoned cape given to her by Jason's first wife.

Mount Petalo

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Trachis Fort

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Spartan Military Camp

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Lion of Leonidas

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Bellerophon Camp

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Kypselos Camp

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Alkyoneus Camp

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Olympic Gymnasium

• This complex was made up of a central courtyard surrounded by rooms for changing, washing, and exercising. It had punching balls for boxers, and wrestling and pankration were practiced there.

Shipwreck of Nestor

• King of Pylos and ruler of Messenia, Nestor traveled Greece with Menelaus to form an army, leading an expedition against the city of Troy. He was the oldest and wisest hero in the Trojan War.

River Camp

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Helisson Camp

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Troezen Military Camp

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Phleious Military Camp

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Kepheus Camp

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Agemetor Military Camp

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Archon's Safe House

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Cave of the Oracle

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The Oracle of Trophonios

• The Oracle of Trophonios worked in a cave in Lebadeia - a descent into Hades. Using visions given through trance, the Oracle was famous in the Greek world and even consulted by King Kroisos.

Burned Temple of Charites

• The temple of the Charites was the oldest in Orchomenos. The three goddesses, often called Graces, were worshipped as deities of the Kephissos River. Eteokles was the first to honor them.

Oil Workshop

• A flagship product of ancient Greece, oil was used in food, personal care, perfumery, and lighting. Physicians also attributed therapeutic properties to it.

Panormos Military Camp

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Langon Military Camp

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Aristonautai Military Camp

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Mount Skollis Military Camp

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Statue of Orestes

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Pankration School

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Statue of Kronos

• Kronos, king of the Titans and Zeus’s father, was honored in Elis. On the summit of the hill called the Kronion, priests called Basilai offered sacrifices to Kronos at the spring equinox.

Mushroom Cave

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Potnies Military Camp

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Leonidaion

• The Leonidaion was a guesthouse with a number of rooms on all sides for important visitors to the sanctuary. Its name is derived from the name of its architect, Leonidas of Naxos.

Autokles Military Camp

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Varos Outpost

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Pirate Hideout

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Copper Mine

• The island was famous for its copper mines. The ore is one of the ingredients in the alloy bronze, which was used to make sculptures, domestic items, small coins, and weapons.

Shrine of Aphrodite

• Aphrodite had an important role in Keos - especially for magistrates who made offerings and dedications to her. It was thought she would watch over all civic matters and protect their positions.

Endymion Camp

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Antigenes Camp

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Rhamphias Military Camp

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Tomb of the Horseback Fighter

• A temple to Herakles, named “Hippodotos,” was built on a Teneros plain. According to legend, when the Orchomenian army advanced, Herakles tied up all their chariot horses in the night.

Kinira Outpost

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Idomeneus’s Military Camp

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Chersonasos Military Camp

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Polyrrhenia Military Camp

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Neda Camp

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Alpheios Camp

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Treasuries

• Cities erected small buildings shaped like temples at the foot of the hill of Kronos. They held valuable offerings that were placed under Zeus’s protection, such as weapons, statues, and vases.

Zanes of the Cheats

• Zanes were bronze statues of Zeus that were paid for with the fines of silver imposed on athletes who were found to have cheated. Their names were etched on the pedestals, which was a source of shame.

Prytaneion

• The Prytaneion contained an altar in honor of Hestia, and was where the Olympic flame burned. Priests and game officials resided there, and it was also used for Olympic victory ceremonies.

Korkyraean Bull

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Monument of Militiades

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Monument of Epigones

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Sikyonian Treasury

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Dedication of the Knidians

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Athenian Treasury

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Bouleuterion of Delphi

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Naxian Sphinx

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Athenian Portico

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Charioteer of Delphi

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Apollo of Salamina

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Palm Tree of Eurymedon

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Tripods of the Deinomenids

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Tripod of Plataia

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Lesche of the Knidians

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Krotoniate Tripod

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Sybil Rock

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Knossos Palace

• This palace - the largest of all palaces - was built in the 17th century BCE and is linked to the legend of King Minos. More than 13,000 square meters, it's made up of several rooms around a central courtyard.

Amphikleia Military Camp

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Peneios Camp

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Myrina

• Myrina was best known for its cults of Artemis, Athena Selene, and the Mother Goddess. One of its important goods was Lemnian soil, which was said to heal wounds and snake bites.

Lato Harbor

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Krokottas's Den

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Istronios Military Camp

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Forest Military Camp

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Cave of the Brave

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Lion's Den

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Sunken Wreck of Datis

• Datis was a Persian general who served the Persian empire under Darius I. On his return from the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, he stopped at Mykonos and Delos.

Rhenea

• This island served as the necropolis for Delos because, in 426 BCE, births and deaths were forbidden on the island of Apollo.

Ruins of the Sea People

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Collapsed Wall Guardians

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Port of Piraeus

• The port was a socially and economically separate world split into three areas: military ports, commercial ports, and a residential area. It played a critical role in Athens’s impact as a naval power.

Shrine of Aphrodite

• When Aphrodite emerged from the sea, Kythera was the first city to welcome her. Fleeing Troy, her son Aineias dedicated a shrine to her there. It is deemed the oldest in the Greek world.

Pallas Military Camp

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Military Warehouse

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Farm of Elais

• Elais was one of three daughters of Anios, who ruled Delos during the Trojan War. Dionysos gave her the ability to make oil spring from the ground.

Porphyrion Cave

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Bouleuterion of Athens

• This building housed a council of 500 members, who were in charge of the city laws.

North Wall Breach

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Teuthis Camp

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Echemos Camp

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Saron Military Camp

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Polichne Camp

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Pherai Camp

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Kolonides Camp

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Pylos Military Camp

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Piraeus Civilian Port

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Nestor Checkpoint

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Stenyklaros Checkpoint

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Makaria Checkpoint

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Bulis Military Camp

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Erochos Military Camp

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Bear Grotto

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Cave of the Many Lions

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Abandoned Camp

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Wolf Den

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Trypiti Fort

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Forgotten Watchtower

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