Understand how magic and religion was an essential aspect of ancient Egyptian life.
Ancient Egyptians believed the world was a chaotic place, filled with supernatural forces. They knew that art and words gave life and power to things.
Carved with images from hieroglyphs or in the shapes of gods, amulets were highly personal objects that warded off dangers and disease while attracting success.
Some amulets were temporary, intended to solve a specific problem, while others were meant to be worn forever into the afterlife.
Priests would infuse amulets with magical energy during religious ceremonies, imbuing them with protective magic to safeguard against supernatural powers.
The wealthiest of Egyptians could obtain a divinely ordained pendant, in which was hidden a magic formula inscribed on a piece of papyrus. It would act as a unique spell tailored to the owner.
Religion was so important to ancient Egyptians that it permeated every aspect of their daily lives.
Since water was the source of life and had the symbolism of purifying the body and the soul, all daily routines began with ablutions.
Personal prayers to the gods were sometimes written or spoken, with family prayers passed down through generations.
There was a complete calendar of each of the religious days, both good and bad, illustrating the appropriate daily rituals.
Along with wine, milk and ointments, offerings to the gods consisted of small amulets to life-size statues and family shrines.
During the Greco-Roman period offerings to the gods consisted of mummified animals. Cats for Bastet, dogs for Anubis, and birds for Thoth.
Deemed messengers of the gods, oracles offered guidance and judgment for all Egyptians, regardless of status.
Crucial advice was offered on everything from day-to-day farming management to a pharaoh's decision on whether to start a war.
Oracles were often used to decide legal issues. If the accused refused the judgment of the god, another god could be consulted in hopes of a more favorable reply.
It was oracles that guided the Greek sailor Battos to the coast of Libya where he founded a colony known as Cyrene.
During Alexander the Great's campaign to conquer Persia, he consulted the oracle at the temple of Ammon within the oasis of Siwa, and was subsequently ordained a divine being.