User:Sol Pacificus/Sandbox
Biography[edit | edit source]
What follows is the legend of Jing Ke as recounted in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian.[1]
While Jing Ke was a native of Wey (衛),[note 1] his ancestors originally lived in Qi. To the people of Wey, he was called the Honorable Qing (慶卿). Only later among the people of Yan (燕) was he known as the Honorable Jing (荊卿).[1] He was a well-educated adept of the sword, but although he taught its art to Lord Yuan of Wey (衛元君), the ruler neglected to put it to use. Afterwards, Qin conquered the State of Wei (魏), established Dong Commandery (東郡, lit. "East Commandery") in its place, and forcibly relocated offspring of Lord Yuan residing there to Yewang (野王).[1][note 2]
Wandering to Yuci (榆次), Jing Ke engaged with a man named Gai Nie (蓋聶) in discourse about swordsmanship that soon turned sour. Noticing Gai Nie's angry glare, Jing Ke left. Someone suggested to Gai Nie that he call him back, to which Gai Nie replied, "A moment ago as I talked swordsmanship with him, we found each other disagreeable, and I glared at him. You can try to go after him, but it was appropriate for him to leave, and he would not dare to stay." They sent a messenger to the host of Jing Ke's lodgings, but Jing Ke had already departed from Yuci on a carriage. When the messenger reported back, Gai Nie repeated, "Of course he's gone. I frightened him away with my glare."[1]
Jing Ke travelled to Handan, where he and a man named Lu Goujian (魯勾踐) played a game of boxi (博戲) but ended up quarrelling over the way it should be played. His opponent furiously berated him, so Jing Ke silently slipped away never to meet him again. (i.e. He ghosted him!)[1]
Arriving in Yan, he became intimate friends with a dog butcher and Gao Jianlei (高漸離), a musician skilled at playing the zhu. He enjoyed alcohol, and everyday he would drink with them in the city. Whenever the wine was sweet, and they were drunk but high in spirits, Gao Jianlei would play the zhu, and Jing Ke would join in with a song to the city. They would share in merriment with one another and then likewise cry their woes away together, paying no mind to anyone else in the world. Though he was an alcoholic, he remained fond of engrossing himself in books, and he had formed connections with many a heroic and eminent individual during his travels through the feudal lands. Being in Yan, the local retired knight Sir Tian Guang (田光) entreated with him, for he intuited that Jing Ke was no ordinary person.[1]
Shortly after, Yan's crown prince Dan escaped from Qin to return home in violation of his status as a collateral to the Qin. Originally, he had been a political hostage in Zhao (趙), where Zheng, the future King of Qin, was born. In their youth, Zheng was amicable to Dan, but after Zheng became king and Dan his hostage in Qin, Zheng treated him derisively. The resentful Dan fled and returned to Yan to beseech for reprisals against Qin, yet Yan was a small state too weak to commit to such endeavours. Meanwhile, Qin was daily fielding armies east out of the mountains, unleashing invasions against Qi, Chu, and the Three Jin[note 3] and little by little swallowing all the princely states until they fast approached Yan. Lords and subjects of Yan alike feared the calamity upon them. Himself filled with trepidation, Crown Prince Dan asked his tutor Ju Wu (鞠武) for counsel. Ju Wu replied:[1][2]
Qin is expanding their territory across the world, menacing the Houses of Han, Zhao, and Wei. To their north, they have the strongholds at Sweet Springs (甘泉) and the Valley Mouth (谷口); to their south, the watery torrents of the Jing (涇) and Wei (渭). They boast the fertile soils of Ba (巴) and Han (漢); on their right, the mountains of Long (隴) and Shu (蜀); on their left, the chokepoints at the [Hangu] Pass and Mount Xiao. Their people are numerous, their troops rigorous, their implements of war in surplus. Should they have the intent to move further out, then there would be no place south of the Great Wall and north of the Yi River (易水) that would be secure. So why would you desire to prick at their inverted scales just for having felt the sting of humiliation?![note 4]
Dan asked, "Then what should I do?" to which his mentor responded, "Please allow me to think it over."[1] A short while later, a Qin general, Fan Yuqi (樊於期), ran afoul of King Zheng and fled to Yan as well. Crown Prince Dan received him charitably, permitting him to make himself at home. Ju Wu remonstrated:[1]
"You cannot do this! With the Qin king's cruelty and the anger he has nursed against Yan, it is already enough to chill our hearts. And now you would even be receptive to General Fan being here? This is called 'Tossing meat onto the path of a hungry tiger'. There would certainly be no way to shake off the disaster! Even if you had Guan [Zhong] and Yan [Ying] [for ministers], they still would not be able to concoct a plan out of it. I hope that the Crown Prince would send General Fan away to the Xiongnu to silence him and his affair. Please form a pact with the Three Jin to the west, connect with Qi and Chu to the south, and bargain with the Xiongnu to the north, after which we could then plan some more."
The crown prince replied:[1]
"The Grand Tutor's plan would extend the problem for far too many days. My mind is in turmoil. I fear I cannot last another moment. Besides, it is not solely because of this. General Fan, impoverished by hardship unto the very ends of the world, has turned himself over to me. I would never, for the sake of evading the powerful Qin, abandon a pitiable friend. To set him up to the Xiongnu must be when my life is at its end. I hope that the Grand Tutor will reconsider this."
Ji Wu remained displeased:[1]
"You tread in danger while asking for safety, foment disaster to beg for good fortune, are shallow in your plans yet deep in your grudges. You connect with one person, then call them a friend, without caring for the tremendous harm to the nation. This is called 'funding resentment to subsidize peril'. Torch a swan's feather on a charcoal stove, and it would be [gone in a wink] like nothing happened! Not to mention that with the raptor that is Qin driving its violent fury upon us, what road would there still be to walk?! Yan has one Sir Tian Guang, an individual with deep wisdom and profound courage. You might consult with him."
To this last advice, the crown prince was receptive: "I would like to make the acquaintance of Sir Tian Guang through the Great Tutor. May I?" "You may", said Ji Wu, and he went out to meet with Sir Tian, telling him, "The Crown Prince wishes to plot a national affair with you, sir." Tian Guang replied, "It would be my pleasure to advise," and accompanied him back to see the crown prince.[1]
Crown Prince Dan courteously invited Tian Guang inside, where he knelt down to prepare a seat for him. Once Tian Guang had settled in his seat, and they had ensured that no one else was around, Dan came off his own to humbly begin making his request, "Yan and Qin cannot coexist. I hope that you sir can pay mind to this." Understanding his meaning, Tian Guang offered an alternative:[1]
"I have heard that when fine steeds are at their prime, they can gallop 1,000 li in one day—until it has weakened with age, and then even the mangiest nag would advance ahead of it. Today, the Crown Prince has heard of the time when Tian Guang was at his prime, without knowing that his vigour has already withered away. Although I dare not plot a national affair with you, my good colleague the Honourable Jing may undertake this mission."
As before, Crown Prince Dan asked, "I would like to befriend the Honourable Jing through you, sir. May I?" Tian Guang assented, and the two hastened out to find him. At Jing Ke's door, Dan warned Tian Guang, "What I have reported to you and everything that you have said are vital affairs of the state. Please sir, do not divulge them to others!" The old man bowed with a smile and said, "I promise".[1]
When Tian Guang saw Jing Ke, he arced his back low and said:[1]
"You and I have been cordial with one another—there is no one in Yan who does not know that. Now the Crown Prince had heard of the time when I was at my prime, without knowing that my physique is no longer up to par, and he honoured me with this instruction: 'Yan and Qin cannot coexist. I hope that you sir can pay mind to this.' I will not steal more of your time by treating you like a stranger. I have already spoken of you to the Crown Prince. Would you please go over to the Crown Prince at his palace?"
"I would be much obliged," responded Jing Ke, and Tian Guang continued:[1]
"I have heard it said that when an elderly man takes action, he should not arouse others' suspicion. Today the Crown Prince told me, 'Everything we have said are vital affairs of the state. Please sir, do not divulge them to others!' This was the Crown Prince mistrusting me. For one to take action but arouse the suspicion of others, they would not be a hero of integrity."
He wanted to use suicide to incite Jing Ke into action, and he gave him these final words, "Please hurry over to the Crown Prince and tell him that Guang has already died, proving my silence." Thereupon, he slit his own throat and died.[1]
Jing Ke accordingly went to see the Crown Prince and inform him that Tian Guang had died, imparting as well his last words. The Crown Prince bowed twice and then sank to his knees breaking down in tears. After a while had passed, he finally spoke up, "I warned Sir Tian not to chatter only because I wished for us to succeed in this great plot. That Sir Tian Guang used death today to prove his silence—could that truly have been my intention?!"
Jing Ke sat still as he vented, and then the Crown Prince got off from his seat and tipped his head to him. He said:[1][2]
"Sir Tian, not knowing how unworthy I am, brought me before you so that I may be so bold as to confer with you. This must be Heaven's pity for Yan such that it will not forsake us to a lonesome fate. Today, Qin harbours a greedy heart, and their desires can never be satisfied. Without having conquered all the land in the world and made servants out of all rulers within the four seas, their ambition would never be sated. Now Qin has already captured the King of Han and annexed his entire territory. They have raised troops and marched them south to invade Chu. To their north, they are bearing down on Zhao. Wang Jian, leading several tens of thousands of soldiers, has reached the Zhang River and Ye County (鄴縣). And as for Li Xin, he has marched out of Taiyuan and Yunzhong (雲中)."
Appearances[edit | edit source]
- Assassin's Creed: Dynasty (mentioned only)
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ The state Wèi (衛) is commonly spelled Wey in contravention of the Hanyu Pinyin romanization standard to distinguish from the more prominent state Wèi (魏) because the two polities' modern Mandarin pronunciations are homophonic. In ancient times, their pronunciations were distinct and remain so in some other Chinese languages today.
- ↑ These were specifically offspring not of Lord Yuan's legal wife.
- ↑ i.e. Han (韓), Zhao (趙), and Wei (魏)
- ↑ "Inverted scales" is a metaphor for an individual's trigger. This line is translated less literally by J.R. Hightower in Burton Watson's Records of the Grand Historian of China (1961) as: "Angry as you are at the insults you have suffered, how can you dream of baiting such a dragon?"
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Sima Qian. (94 BCE). "Biographies of Assassins". In Records of the Grand Historian. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 5 July 2023. https://ctext.org/shiji/ci-ke-lie-zhuan.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sima Qian. (1961). "The Biography of Ching K'o", translated by J.R. Hightower. In Records of the Grand Historian of China, edited by Burton Watson. 1st ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, pp. 106–117.