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Tea

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Tea or chai is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to China and East Asia. Famous for its stimulating effect, tea was also used for recreational purposes, leading to the establishment of teahouses where individuals could meet while drinking tea.[1]

With the establishment of the Silk Road, tea was diffused by the merchants from the Far East to the Middle East. In 870 CE, the Hidden One Basim Ibn Ishaq introduced to his Frankish brethren Oisel and Matthias the beverage when they met in Antioch.[1]

During the Colonial Era, tea circulated in European countries and their American colonies, especially becoming a part of British culture with the East India Company exporting tea from Asia to Great Britain and the British Colonies. During the 18th century, tea's consumption began to be rival by coffee. In 1768, the merchant Bouché had difficulty selling tea in New Orleans and was forced to slander his business rival Philippe de Grandpré as he sold coffee.[2]

In 1773, the British Parliament voted the Tea Act, allowing the East India Company to ship tea to the American colonies directly from India. This made the tea much less expensive, increasing the East India Company's profits and hopefully preventing the colonists from trying to smuggle less cheap Dutch tea. However, the colonists objected, believing the Act was a trick to make them pay tax despite their lack of representation in Parliament. Philadelphia and New York City turned away the East India Company's ships, but Thomas Hutchinson, governor of Massachusetts, allowed the ships to stay in Boston Harbor.[3]

The Colonial Templar William Johnson smuggled tea from the ships of the East India Company to finance the purchasing of the Iroquois lands for the Order.[4] On 16 December 1773, the Colonial Assassin Ratonhnhaké:ton, with Samuel Adams, Paul Revere and William Molineux from the Sons of Liberty, aborded the East India company's ships and threw the tea cargo in the Boston Harbor, foiling Johnson's plan. The event was remembered as the Boston Tea Party and one of the first steps to the American Revolutionary War.[5] The Colonial Assassins organized other Tea Parties in New Jersey and Maryland to defy the British rule in the Colonies.[6]

In his Homestead, Ratonhnaké:ton produced tea with the help of the innkeepers Oliver and Corrine using honey and rosemary. Ratonhnaké:ton sold it across the North American East Coast and the Caribbean Sea.[7]

Through the Modern Times, tea remained a part of British culture, served as a beverage during social events or in a more individual level.[8]

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