Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a name for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.

In the 6th century BCE, Pythagoras and his protege, Kyros of Zarax, traveled through the ancient cities of Babylonia, a state in Mesopotamia, in Pythagoras' quest for knowledge.

By the 5th century, Mesopotamia had become part of the Achaemenid Empire. Emperor Xerxes I, with the aid of the Persian Templars, suppressed revolts in the city of Babylon.