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'''February 15:'''
'''February 15:'''
*[[An Qingxu]] defeats Geshu Han in an engagement at Tong Pass.<ref name="New Book p5" />
*[[An Qingxu]] is defeated by Geshu Han in an engagement at Tong Pass.<ref name="New Book p5" />


'''July 10:'''
'''July 10:'''
Line 119: Line 119:
'''July 18:'''
'''July 18:'''
*Fall of Chang'an<ref name="New Book p5" />
*Fall of Chang'an<ref name="New Book p5" />
'''September 10:'''
*Li Heng is declared emperor in Lingwu.<ref name="New Book p5" />
===757===
'''January 30:'''
*An Qingxu assassinates his father An Lushan.<ref name="New Book p6">Ouyang Xiu. (1060). "Royal Annals No. 6 – Suzong and Daizong", pp. 6. ''Chinese Text Project''. Accessed 7 March 2024.</ref>


==''A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance''==
==''A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance''==
Line 189: Line 196:
'''July 15:'''
'''July 15:'''
*The court arrives at Mawei Station, where Chen Xuanli instigates a mutiny against Yang Guozhong. His soldiers butcher his body and massacre his family along with other officials. Afterwards, he pressures the Emperor to kill Yang Guifei as well. The Emperor relents under Gao Lishi's advice, and Gao Lishi hangs her at a nearby temple. Afterward, her body is displayed to Chen Xuanli to placate him.<ref name="Zizhi Tongjian p218" />
*The court arrives at Mawei Station, where Chen Xuanli instigates a mutiny against Yang Guozhong. His soldiers butcher his body and massacre his family along with other officials. Afterwards, he pressures the Emperor to kill Yang Guifei as well. The Emperor relents under Gao Lishi's advice, and Gao Lishi hangs her at a nearby temple. Afterward, her body is displayed to Chen Xuanli to placate him.<ref name="Zizhi Tongjian p218" />
===757===
'''January 30:'''
*An Qingxu assassinates An Lushan in fear for his life.<ref name="Zizhi Tongjian p219">Sima Guang. (1084). ''Zizhi Tongjian''. Scroll 219. ''Chinese Text Project''. Accessed 7 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=136920</ref>


==唐朝大變局==
==唐朝大變局==
Line 200: Line 211:
*Emperor Xuanzong invites An Lushan to Huaqing Palace.
*Emperor Xuanzong invites An Lushan to Huaqing Palace.


'''November 9''':<ref name="Tianbao record" />
'''November 9:'''<ref name="Tianbao record" /><ref group="note" name="note8">"[[Beacon Fire (Part 3)]]" correctly dates this event to Tianbao Year 14, Month 11, Day 9 of the Chinese calendar, the same date recorded in ''{{wiki|Zizhi Tongjian|A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance}}''. This date is reiterated in the special issue "[[Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14]]", which initially suggested that all dates in that timeline were in the Chinese calendar besides the year, including the assassination of [[Gao Miao]], [[Li Qincou]], and [[He Qiannian]] on Month 12, Day 22 (January 28). However, in the [[Golden Turtles (Part 6)|chapter]] where this operation is depicted, [[Yan Gaoqing]] mentions that it is the winter solstice, meaning that the author erroneously intended the date to be December 22 in the Gregorian calendar. Thus, all dates given in "Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14" are actually mistakenly presented as Gregorian by the author.</ref>
*[[An Lushan]] proclaims his [[An Lushan Rebellion|rebellion]] from [[Beijing|Fanyang]] and founds the [[Yeluohe]].
*[[An Lushan]] proclaims his [[An Lushan Rebellion|rebellion]] from [[Beijing|Fanyang]] and founds the [[Yeluohe]].


Line 246: Line 257:
'''January 8''':<ref name="Tianbao record" />  
'''January 8''':<ref name="Tianbao record" />  
*Without reinforcements from Tong Pass, Changshan's defences collapse. Both Yan Gaoqing and Yan Jiming are captured.
*Without reinforcements from Tong Pass, Changshan's defences collapse. Both Yan Gaoqing and Yan Jiming are captured.
'''"Year 756 CE, Month 7, Day 17, Jiawu"'''
*Sack of Chang'an<ref name="Finale">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Finale: Assassination]]</ref>
:*The date given here is incoherent. It is unclear if the month and day given are in the Gregorian calendar or Chinese calendar as the author has a bad habit of mixing Chinese calendar dates with Gregorian years. However, neither July 17, 756 nor Month 7, Day 17 of Tianbao Year 15 (the year mostly falling in 756) were the day of Jiawu (甲午).
===757===
'''"Zhide (至德) Year 2, the year Dingyou (丁酉), Month 1"'''<ref name="Finale" />
*Li E assassinates An Lushan.
:*The date given here is incoherent since no date falls on Dingyou in Zhide Year 2 (Zhide being an era name of Emperor Suzong). ''The Old Book of Tang'', ''The New Book of Tang'', and ''A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance'' all give Zhide Year 2, Month 1, the day of Yimao—corresponding to January 30 757—as the date of An Lushan's death.
'''"In the same year, in the ninth month..."'''<ref name="Finale" />
*General Guo Ziyi recaptures Chang'an.
'''"In the same year, in the tenth month..."'''<ref name="Finale" />
*The Tang army recaptures Luoyang.


==Notes==
==Notes==

Revision as of 04:37, 8 March 2024

The Old Book of Tang

754

January 28:

  • Party at Huaqing Palace.[1]

February 5:

  • Emperor Xuanzong grants lavish favours on An Lushan, giving him the final, sweeping powers he needs for his rebellion.[1]

March 29:

December 18:

  • An Lushan rebels at Fanyang with the slogan "Slay Guozhong!". He first attacks Boling Commandery and kills the mayor of Taiyuan Yang Guanghui.[1]

756

January 7:

  • An Lushan crosses the Yellow River at Lingchang Commandery (靈昌郡).[1]

January 12:

January 15:

  • Xingyang falls to An Lushan. Grand Protector Cui Wubi (崔無詖) is killed.[1]

January 17:

  • Feng Changqing engages An Lushan at the Battle of Si River but is defeated.[1][3]

January 18:

January 27:

  • Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing are executed at Tong Pass. Geshu Han is appointed Marshal of the Crown Prince's Vanguard Cavalry (太子先鋒兵馬元帥) and dispatched to take over the defence of Tong Pass.[1]

January 28:

  • Alternative date for Yan Gaoqing killing Li Qincou, He Qiannian, and Gao Miao according to his biographical entry. It is recorded that Yuan Lüqian (袁履謙), Feng Qian (馮虔), Li Qimo (李棲默), and Zhai Wande (翟萬德) invited Li Qincou for a feast and assassinated him after they got him drunk. They then lured Gao Miao to Pucheng (蒲城), and Cui Anshi (崔安石) kills him in an ambush the next morning. They repeat the same tactic with He Qiannian, who falls into another ambush conducted by Feng Qian and Zhai Wande. Note that this was Month 12, Day 22 in the Chinese calendar, which may have given rise to the mistake in Dynasty that this event occurred on December 22, at the winter solstice.[4]

February 5:

February 12:

  • The rebel general Cai Xide (蔡希德), a subordinate of Shi Siming, captures Changshan and sacks the city. He captures Yan Gaoqing and the senior secretary Yuan Lüqian.[1][4]

February 15:

  • An Qingxu attacks Tong Pass but is driven back by Geshu Han.[1]

March 7:

  • Tang generals Li Guangbi and Guo Ziyi advance on Shi Siming's forces and deal him a great defeat.[1]

July 9:

  • Tang general Geshu Han suffers a major defeat in battle against Yan general Cui Qianyou (崔乾祐) near Tong Pass.[1]
  • Yan general Shi Siming suffers a major defeat in battle against Tang generals Li Guangbi and Guo Ziyi near Changshan.[1]

July 10:

  • Geshu Han returns to Tong Pass. It falls to Yan forces alongside several nearby commanderies.[1][5]

July 13:

  • Mass panic in Chang'an. People flee the capital in droves.[1]

July 14:

  • At dawn, Emperor Xuanzong leaves Chang'an with a royal entourage of many imperial kin and the highest officials, among them Yang Guozhong and Gao Lishi.[1][note 4]
  • Around 5:00 am to 7:00 am, they arrive hungry at Wangxian Palace to find it abandoned. Eventually, peasants along the way help feed them.[1]

July 15:

  • The entourage arrives at Mawei Station. General Chen Xuanli of the Army of Dragon Warriors instigates a coup d'état against Yang Guozhong blaming him for their catastrophes, citing as well the enemy's slogan "Slay Guozhong!" Guozhong is killed by the army, and under pressure, Emperor Xuanzong orders Gao Lishi to hang his favourite concubine Yang Guifei as well.[1][note 5]

July 16:

  • The common people urge the Emperor Xuanzong to leave behind Crown Prince Li Heng to lead a counter-attack against An Lushan.[1]

August 12:

  • At Lingwu, the imperial army proclaims Li Heng the new Tang emperor (later posthumously named Suzong).[6]

757

January 30:

  • An Lushan is assassinated by his son An Qingxu.[6]

The New Book of Tang

755

November 12:

  • An Lushan meets Emperor Xuanzong at Huaqing Palace.[7]

Between December 8 and December 24:

756

January 8:

  • An Lushan captures Lingchang Commandery.[7]

January 12:

January 14:

January 18:

  • Fall of Luoyang[7]

January 20:

January 24:

February 12:

  • Fall of Changshan. Yao Gaoqing is captured.[7]

February 15:

  • An Qingxu is defeated by Geshu Han in an engagement at Tong Pass.[7]

July 10:

  • Geshu Han is betrayed by an officer, and Tong Pass falls to An Lushan.[7]

July 15:

July 16:

July 18:

  • Fall of Chang'an[7]

September 10:

  • Li Heng is declared emperor in Lingwu.[7]

757

January 30:

  • An Qingxu assassinates his father An Lushan.[8]

A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance

754

February 5:

  • Emperor Xuanzong promotes An Lushan as Left Deputy to the Secretary of State Affairs (尚書左僕射).[9]

February 20:

  • Emperor Xuanzong grants An Lushan's wish to be made Commissary Herdsman of the Imperial Stables (廄群牧使), giving him remote control over the Tang's best horses.[9]

March 21:

  • Emperor Xuanzong grants An Lushan's wish to promote more than 500 of his officers to the rank general and bestow more than 2000 with the title of guard captain (中郎將).[9]

March 29:

  • An Lushan returns to Fanyang.[9]

December 16:

  • An Lushan rebels at Fanyang. This dates corresponds to Month 11, Day 9 in the Chinese calendar, which may have given rise to the error in Dynasty and other sources that An Lushan's rebellion began on November 9. Note that The Old Book of Tang dates this event to December 18 instead.[9]

December 17:

  • Taiyuan's vice regent Yang Guanghui marches east to stop An Lushan.[9]

December 22:

  • Emperor Xuanzong receives confirmation that An Lushan has rebelled.[9]

December 26:

  • An Lushan attacks Boling Commandery. Yang Guanghui is captured by He Qiannian.[9]
  • Between December 26 and January 8, An Lushan threatens Changshan. Yan Gaoqing is powerless to oppose him and feigns submission. An Lushan gifts him an imperial cloak. Gaoqing later consults his chief secretary Yuan Lüqian (袁履謙), who encourages him to secretly form a counter-rebellion force.[9]

756

January 8:

  • An Lushan crosses the Yellow River.[9]

January 11:

  • An Lushan receives news that his eldest son An Qingzong has been executed in Chang'an. In anger and grief, he executes Zhang Jieran, who had been overseeing the defence at Chenliu. He subsequently orders that the prisoners-of-war in Chenliu be massacred.[9]

January 14:

  • Xingyang falls to An Lushan.[9]

January 18:

  • Fall of Luoyang.[9]

Between January 21 and January 27:

  • Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing, the commanders in charge of the defence of Tong Pass, are wrongfully executed.[9][note 6]

January 27:

  • Yan Gaoqing invites Lushan's general Li Qincou to a feast at dusk. Yuan Lüqian, Feng Qian (馮虔), and co. successfully get Qincou and his men drunk and assassinate them.[9]

January 28:

Between January 28 and February 5:

  • Shi Siming attacks Boling and Changshan commanderies. His officer Cai Xide (蔡希德) manages to break into Changshan's capital, and Yan Gaoqing is captured.[9]

February 5:

  • An Lushan proclaims himself Emperor of the Great Yan.[9]

Between February 5 and February 15:

  • Yan Gaoqing is transported to Luoyang, where he and more than 30 members of his family are executed by An Lushan by a prototype form of lingchi.[9]

February 15:

  • An Qingxu attacks Tong Pass but is defeated by Geshu Han.[9]

July 10:

  • Fall of Tong Pass.[10]

July 14:

  • Emperor Xuanzong flees Chang'an at dawn with members of the imperial family and the highest officials and eunuchs, including Yang Guozhong.[10]

July 15:

  • The court arrives at Mawei Station, where Chen Xuanli instigates a mutiny against Yang Guozhong. His soldiers butcher his body and massacre his family along with other officials. Afterwards, he pressures the Emperor to kill Yang Guifei as well. The Emperor relents under Gao Lishi's advice, and Gao Lishi hangs her at a nearby temple. Afterward, her body is displayed to Chen Xuanli to placate him.[10]

757

January 30:

  • An Qingxu assassinates An Lushan in fear for his life.[11]

唐朝大變局

755

November 9:

  • An Lushan rebels at Fanyang and creates the Yeluohe.[12]

Assassin's Creed: Dynasty

755

October:[13]

  • Emperor Xuanzong invites An Lushan to Huaqing Palace.

November 9:[13][note 8]

November 15:[13]

  • News of An Lushan's Rebellion reaches Chang'an.

November 19:[13]

November 21:[13]

December 2:[13]

  • An Lushan crosses the Yellow River.
  • Li E and Yan Jiming goes to Julu and lights its beacon, inspiring the first wave of hope across Hebei.

December 5:[13]

December 8:[13]

December 12:[13]

December 13:[13]

  • The Army of Heavenly Warriors is routed at Shanzhou and retreats in a panic to Tong Pass. Yeluohe forces are momentarily beaten back at Tong Pass. Gao Xianzhi refuses army supervisor Bian Lingcheng's demands for an immediate counter-attack.

December 21:[13]

  • Having received news that He Qiannian is on his way to reinforce Tumen Pass, Yan Gaoqing briefs Li E, Yan Jiming, and He Hong'er on the plan that very night to assassinate Gao Miao, Li Qincou, and He Qiannian to take Tumen Pass. They send a message to Gao Xianzhi informing him of their plan to link loyalists in Hebei with Tang forces at Tong Pass. Xianzhi dispatches Wang Chengye to lead the troops that will rendezvous with Li E at Taiyuan, unaware that Chengye is in league with the Golden Turtles.

December 22:[13]

  • Li E assassinates Gao Miao and Li Qincou at Tumen Pass, and the Changshan militia ambushes and kills He Qiannian.

December 28:[13]

  • Bian Lingcheng returns to Tong Pass and executes Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing as part of a Golden Turtles scheme to ensure only that no one but them will have the prestige of defeating An Lushan.
  • By this point, Wang Chengye had captured Li E in Taiyuan and had imprisoned him inside the Mengshan Giant Buddha.

756

January:[13]

  • An Lushan declares himself Emperor of the Yan in Luoyang.
  • Shi Siming attacks Changshan.

January 8:[13]

  • Without reinforcements from Tong Pass, Changshan's defences collapse. Both Yan Gaoqing and Yan Jiming are captured.

"Year 756 CE, Month 7, Day 17, Jiawu"

  • Sack of Chang'an[14]
  • The date given here is incoherent. It is unclear if the month and day given are in the Gregorian calendar or Chinese calendar as the author has a bad habit of mixing Chinese calendar dates with Gregorian years. However, neither July 17, 756 nor Month 7, Day 17 of Tianbao Year 15 (the year mostly falling in 756) were the day of Jiawu (甲午).

757

"Zhide (至德) Year 2, the year Dingyou (丁酉), Month 1"[14]

  • Li E assassinates An Lushan.
  • The date given here is incoherent since no date falls on Dingyou in Zhide Year 2 (Zhide being an era name of Emperor Suzong). The Old Book of Tang, The New Book of Tang, and A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance all give Zhide Year 2, Month 1, the day of Yimao—corresponding to January 30 757—as the date of An Lushan's death.

"In the same year, in the ninth month..."[14]

  • General Guo Ziyi recaptures Chang'an.

"In the same year, in the tenth month..."[14]

  • The Tang army recaptures Luoyang.

Notes

  1. ↑ In "Royal Annals No. 10 – Suzong", the Fall of Luoyang is dated to December 28 instead. This appears to be a scribal error.
  2. ↑ Yan Gaoqing's biographical entry in Scroll 194 dates this to the 22nd of the 12th month instead, corresponding to January 28.
  3. ↑ In "Royal Annals No. 10 – Suzong", this is dated to January 22 instead.
  4. ↑ This date is actually erroneously given in "Royal Annals No. 9 – Xuanzong (Part II)" as the day of Bingchen (丙辰), which would not properly correspond to any day of this year. The later Zizhi Tongjian caught the mistake and corrected it to Bingshen (丙申), which corresponds to July 14. In Scroll 111, the date that they leave Chang'an is given as July 13 instead.
  5. ↑ In "Royal Annals No. 10 – Suzong", the mutiny and the death of Yang Guozhong is dated the following day, July 16, instead while in Scroll 111 it is dated July 14.
  6. ↑ The Old Book of Tang dates this to January 27. However, according to Hu Sanxing's 13th century annotations to A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance, another source dates their execution to January 24, with the order for Geshu Han's succession of Gao Xianzhi's post being issued on January 27.
  7. ↑ According to Hu Sanxing's 13th century annotations to A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance, another source dates the killing of the three Yeluohe generals to "'Month 12, the day of Jihai'", which he calculated to Month 12, Day 15 of the Chinese calendar (January 19). The online calendar convertor provided by Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures calculates this to Month 12, Day 16 of the Chinese calendar (January 20) instead. Hu Sanxing also notes that Yan Zhenqing killed Duan Ziguang (段子光) three days later on "Month 12, the day of Renyin".
  8. ↑ "Beacon Fire (Part 3)" correctly dates this event to Tianbao Year 14, Month 11, Day 9 of the Chinese calendar, the same date recorded in A Comprehensive Reflection on Governance. This date is reiterated in the special issue "Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14", which initially suggested that all dates in that timeline were in the Chinese calendar besides the year, including the assassination of Gao Miao, Li Qincou, and He Qiannian on Month 12, Day 22 (January 28). However, in the chapter where this operation is depicted, Yan Gaoqing mentions that it is the winter solstice, meaning that the author erroneously intended the date to be December 22 in the Gregorian calendar. Thus, all dates given in "Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14" are actually mistakenly presented as Gregorian by the author.

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Liu Xu. (945). The Old Book of Tang. Scroll 9: "Royal Annals No. 9 – Xuanzong (Part II)", pp. 9. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 3 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=177900
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Liu Xu. (945). The Old Book of Tang. Scroll 200: "An Lushan (and his son Qingxu), Gao Shang, Sun Xianzhe, Shi Siming (and his son Chaoyi)", pp. 213. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 3 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=944936
  3. ↑ Liu Xu. (945). The Old Book of Tang. Scroll 108: "Gao Xianzhi, Feng Changqing, Geshu Han". Chinese Text Project. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=389968
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Liu Xu. (945). The Old Book of Tang. Scroll 194. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 4 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=402785
  5. ↑ Liu Xu. (945). The Old Book of Tang. Scroll 111. Chinese Text Project. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=271174
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Liu Xu (945). The Old Book of Tang. "Royal Annals No. 10 – Suzong", pp. 10. Chinese Text Project. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=243534
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 Ouyang Xiu. (1060). "Royal Annals No. 5 – Ruizong and Xuanzong". In The New Book of Tang, pp. 5. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 2 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=566908
  8. ↑ Ouyang Xiu. (1060). "Royal Annals No. 6 – Suzong and Daizong", pp. 6. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 7 March 2024.
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 Sima Guang. (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Scroll 217. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 4 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=233207
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Sima Guang. (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Scroll 218. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 6 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=260925
  11. ↑ Sima Guang. (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Scroll 219. Chinese Text Project. Accessed 7 March 2024. https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=136920
  12. ↑ 雲淡心遠 [Yüntan-Hsinyüan]. (2023). 漁陽鼙鼓動地來 [Yüyang P'i Tung Ti Lai]. In 唐朝大變局 [T'ang-c'hao Ta-pien Chü]. Taipei, Taiwan: Banner Publishing, pp. 127–132.
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Finale: Assassination
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