Arsuf: Difference between revisions
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|image = Arsuf.jpg | |image = Arsuf.jpg | ||
|date = 6th or 5th century BCE | |date = 6th or 5th century BCE | ||
|abandoned = 1265 | |||
|factions = [[Saracens]]<br />[[Crusaders]] | |factions = [[Saracens]]<br />[[Crusaders]] | ||
|targets = [[Robert de Sablé]]}} | |targets = [[Robert de Sablé]] | ||
'''Arsuf''', also known as '''Arsur''' or '''Apollonia''', was an ancient city within the [[Kingdom]], located on a cliff above the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. In 1191, the plains around Arsuf | }} | ||
'''Arsuf''', also known as '''Arsur''' or '''Apollonia''', was an ancient city within the [[Kingdom]], located on a cliff above the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. In 1191, the plains around Arsuf were the site of the [[Battle of Arsuf]], fought between the [[Crusaders|Crusader]] army led by King [[Richard I of England]] and the [[Saracens|Saracen]] forces of [[Saladin]]. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Early history=== | ===Early history=== | ||
Founded by {{Wiki|Phoenicia|Phoenicians}} in the 6th | Founded by {{Wiki|Phoenicia|Phoenicians}} in the 6th or 5th century BCE, Arsuf was initially a part of the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]]. However, during the {{Wiki|Hellenistic period}}, it became an anchorage town that was ruled by {{Wiki|Seleucid Empire|Seleucids}} and was renamed Apollonia. Later, under [[Roman Empire|Roman rule]], the size of the town increased, becoming an important settlement along Via Maris, the coastal road. In 113 CE, the city was partially destroyed by an earthquake, but recovered quickly and developed trade with [[Italy]] and North Africa. Captured by Muslims in 640 CE, the Semitic name of Arsuf was restored and the town was surrounded by a fortified wall to resist the constant attacks of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] fleets from the sea.<ref name="Wiki">{{WP|Arsuf}}</ref> | ||
In 1101, Arsuf fell to an army of [[Crusaders]] led by {{Wiki|Baldwin I of Jerusalem}}. The Crusaders, who called it Arsur, rebuilt the city's walls and created the Lordship of Arsur in the Kingdom of [[Jerusalem]]. However, in 1187, Arsuf was once again captured by the Muslim [[Saracens]].<ref name="Wiki"/><ref name="AC1">''[[Assassin's Creed]]''</ref> | |||
===Third Crusade=== | ===Third Crusade=== | ||
In 1191, a major battle took place close to Arsuf between the forces of [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] and [[Saladin]]. The [[Assassins|Assassin]] [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]] entered the area in search of [[Robert de | In 1191, a major [[Battle of Arsuf|battle]] took place close to Arsuf between the forces of [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] and [[Saladin]]. The [[Assassins|Assassin]] [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]] entered the area in search of [[Robert de Sablé]], who was reuniting with Richard for a briefing in the upcoming battle. Crusader and Saracen scouting parties were scattered around the plains with the bulk of the army moving through the coastal road. Altaïr fought his way through the plains, slaying many soldiers, both Crusader and Saracen.<ref name="Assassination">''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' – [[Assassination II (Robert de Sablé)]]</ref> | ||
[[File:BoA 8.png|thumb|left|250px|Crusaders at the Battle of Arsuf]] | [[File:BoA 8.png|thumb|left|250px|Crusaders at the Battle of Arsuf]] | ||
Upon reaching the encampment, the Assassin was surrounded by members of the [[Templars|Knights Templar]], though Richard gave him a chance to speak. Altaïr accused de | Upon reaching the encampment, the Assassin was surrounded by members of the [[Templars|Knights Templar]], though Richard gave him a chance to speak. Altaïr accused de Sablé of secretly plotting to undermine the English king, though his comment was dismissed by the [[Grand Master of the Templar Order]]. To settle the affair, Richard directed the two into a final duel, so the man "whose side God favors" would win. While Altaïr was then confronted by a dozen Templars and Robert, he managed to win the fight, despite the unfavorable odds.<ref name="Assassination"/> | ||
With his final breath, Robert informed Altaïr that [[Al Mualim]], the [[Mentor]] of the [[Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins|Levantine Assassins]], had secretly been a Templar ally. Following this, with Richard's consent, the Assassin left for [[Masyaf]] to confront his master.<ref name="Assassination"/> The Crusaders ultimately emerged victorious from the Battle of Arsuf, and subsequently took control of the city.<ref name="Wiki"/> | |||
===Modern times=== | ===Modern times=== | ||
By 1261, Arsuf was ruled by the [[Knights Hospitalier]], though it was captured by Sultan Baibars in 1265, after 40 days of siege. The [[Mamluks]] then completely destroyed the town, fearing the return of the Crusaders. The remains of the fortress and city still stood during [[modern times]], within the jurisdiction of the Apollonia National Park in Herzliyya, [[Israel]]. In 1995, a new village named Arsuf was established north of the fortress. | By 1261, Arsuf was ruled by the [[Knights Hospitalier]], though it was captured by Sultan Baibars in 1265, after 40 days of siege. The [[Mamluks]] then completely destroyed the town, fearing the return of the Crusaders. The remains of the fortress and city still stood during [[modern times]], within the jurisdiction of the Apollonia National Park in Herzliyya, [[Israel]]. In 1995, a new village named Arsuf was established north of the fortress.<ref name="Wiki"/> | ||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
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{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{AC}} | {{AC}} | ||
[[ar:أرسوف]] | [[ar:أرسوف]] | ||
[[es:Arsuf]] | [[es:Arsuf]] | ||
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[[Category:Israel]] | [[Category:Israel]] | ||
[[Category:Mediterranean]] | [[Category:Mediterranean]] | ||
[[Category:Levant]] | |||
Revision as of 18:35, 1 June 2025
Arsuf, also known as Arsur or Apollonia, was an ancient city within the Kingdom, located on a cliff above the Mediterranean Sea. In 1191, the plains around Arsuf were the site of the Battle of Arsuf, fought between the Crusader army led by King Richard I of England and the Saracen forces of Saladin.
History
Early history
Founded by Phoenicians in the 6th or 5th century BCE, Arsuf was initially a part of the Persian Empire. However, during the Hellenistic period, it became an anchorage town that was ruled by Seleucids and was renamed Apollonia. Later, under Roman rule, the size of the town increased, becoming an important settlement along Via Maris, the coastal road. In 113 CE, the city was partially destroyed by an earthquake, but recovered quickly and developed trade with Italy and North Africa. Captured by Muslims in 640 CE, the Semitic name of Arsuf was restored and the town was surrounded by a fortified wall to resist the constant attacks of Byzantine fleets from the sea.[1]
In 1101, Arsuf fell to an army of Crusaders led by Baldwin I of Jerusalem. The Crusaders, who called it Arsur, rebuilt the city's walls and created the Lordship of Arsur in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. However, in 1187, Arsuf was once again captured by the Muslim Saracens.[1][2]
Third Crusade
In 1191, a major battle took place close to Arsuf between the forces of Richard the Lionheart and Saladin. The Assassin Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad entered the area in search of Robert de Sablé, who was reuniting with Richard for a briefing in the upcoming battle. Crusader and Saracen scouting parties were scattered around the plains with the bulk of the army moving through the coastal road. Altaïr fought his way through the plains, slaying many soldiers, both Crusader and Saracen.[3]
Upon reaching the encampment, the Assassin was surrounded by members of the Knights Templar, though Richard gave him a chance to speak. Altaïr accused de Sablé of secretly plotting to undermine the English king, though his comment was dismissed by the Grand Master of the Templar Order. To settle the affair, Richard directed the two into a final duel, so the man "whose side God favors" would win. While Altaïr was then confronted by a dozen Templars and Robert, he managed to win the fight, despite the unfavorable odds.[3]
With his final breath, Robert informed Altaïr that Al Mualim, the Mentor of the Levantine Assassins, had secretly been a Templar ally. Following this, with Richard's consent, the Assassin left for Masyaf to confront his master.[3] The Crusaders ultimately emerged victorious from the Battle of Arsuf, and subsequently took control of the city.[1]
Modern times
By 1261, Arsuf was ruled by the Knights Hospitalier, though it was captured by Sultan Baibars in 1265, after 40 days of siege. The Mamluks then completely destroyed the town, fearing the return of the Crusaders. The remains of the fortress and city still stood during modern times, within the jurisdiction of the Apollonia National Park in Herzliyya, Israel. In 1995, a new village named Arsuf was established north of the fortress.[1]
Appearances
- Assassin's Creed (first appearance)
- Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
Arsuf on Wikipedia
- ↑ Assassin's Creed
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Assassin's Creed – Assassination II (Robert de Sablé)
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