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The '''Nationalist Party of China''' (中國國民黨, Mandarin: ''Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng''), popularly known as the '''Kuomintang''' ('''KMT'''), is a major political party of the [[Republic of China]]. Founded by [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Templar Grand Master]] [[Sun Yat-sen]],<ref name="Templars 2">''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Templars 2|Chapter 2]]</ref> it advocated a liberal democratic republic for China and was one of the revolutionary groups behind the {{wiki|Xinhai Revolution}} that overthrew the [[Qing dynasty]] in 1912. Within a short time of its establishment, the Republic of China splintered into [[Warlord Era|warlord states]], with the KMT controlling the southern province of {{wiki|Guangdong}}.<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.2">Mitter, Rana. (2016). "The Old Order and the New". In ''Modern China: A Very Short Introduction''. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–38.</ref>
The '''Nationalist Party of China''' (中國國民黨, Mandarin: ''Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng''), popularly known as the '''Kuomintang''' ('''KMT'''), is a major political party of the [[Republic of China]]. Founded by [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Templar Grand Master]] [[Sun Yat-sen]],<ref name="Templars 2">''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Templars 2|Issue #002]]</ref> it advocated a liberal democratic republic for China and was one of the revolutionary groups behind the {{wiki|Xinhai Revolution}} that overthrew the [[Qing dynasty]] in 1912. Within a short time of its establishment, the Republic of China splintered into [[Warlord Era|warlord states]], with the KMT controlling the southern province of {{wiki|Guangdong}}.<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.2">Mitter, Rana. (2016). "The Old Order and the New". In ''Modern China: A Very Short Introduction''. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–38.</ref>


[[Assassins]] ended Sun Yat-sen's life<ref name="Templars 2" /> in 1925,<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.2" /> and by 1927, the party had come under the leadership of [[Chiang Kai-shek]],<ref name="Templars 2" /> the generalissimo bent on reunifying China with a [[Northern Expedition]].<ref name="Templars 3">''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Templars 3|Chapter 3]]</ref> His military campaign was surreptitiously aided by the [[Shanghai Rite of the Templar Order|Shanghai Rite]], who hoped to renew the KMT's association with the Order by offering Chiang the grand master position. Arriving in Shanghai on 12 April 1927, Chiang not only rebuffed the Templar offer, but he also unleashed a [[Shanghai massacre of 1927|surprise purge]] of the KMT's [[Communism|communist]] allies.<ref name="Templars 3" />  
[[Assassins]] ended Sun Yat-sen's life<ref name="Templars 2" /> in 1925,<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.2" /> and by 1927, the party had come under the leadership of [[Chiang Kai-shek]],<ref name="Templars 2" /> the generalissimo bent on reunifying China with a [[Northern Expedition]].<ref name="Templars 3">''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars]]'' – [[Assassin's Creed: Templars 3|Issue #003]]</ref> His military campaign was surreptitiously aided by the [[Shanghai Rite of the Templar Order|Shanghai Rite]], who hoped to renew the KMT's association with the Order by offering Chiang the grand master position. Arriving in Shanghai on 12 April 1927, Chiang not only rebuffed the Templar offer, but he also unleashed a [[Shanghai massacre of 1927|surprise purge]] of the KMT's [[Communism|communist]] allies.<ref name="Templars 3" />  


This event precipitated the [[Chinese Civil War|civil war]] between the KMT and the {{wiki|Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party}} (CCP),<ref name="Black Cross">''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars – Volume 1: Black Cross]]''</ref> at the onset only one conflict in a wider arena of warring states<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.2" /> and with an interlude during the [[World War II|Japanese invasion of China]].<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.3">Mitter, Rana. (2016). "Making China Modern". In ''Modern China: A Very Short Introduction''. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 39–70.</ref> Defeated by the CCP across all China in 1949, the KMT fled to {{wiki|Taiwan}}, which they violently seized on the pretext of inheriting former Qing imperial possessions.<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.4">Ibid., "Is Chinese society modern?", pp. 71–95.</ref> There, they reestablished their government while the CCP declared the {{wiki|People's Republic of China}} (PRC),<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.3" /> with both sides claiming ''de jure'' sovereignty over China, with Taiwan as an inalienable constituent. After decades of one-party rule under the KMT, the Republic of China (ROC) democratized in the 1990s, making way for multiparty elections.<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.4" /> At the present, the KMT remains one of the two main parties of the ROC, opposite the {{wiki|Democratic Progressive Pary}} representing Taiwanese nationalism.
This event precipitated the [[Chinese Civil War|civil war]] between the KMT and the {{wiki|Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party}} (CCP),<ref name="Black Cross">''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars – Volume 1: Black Cross]]''</ref> at the onset only one conflict in a wider arena of warring states<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.2" /> and with an interlude during the [[World War II|Japanese invasion of China]].<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.3">Mitter, Rana. (2016). "Making China Modern". In ''Modern China: A Very Short Introduction''. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 39–70.</ref> Defeated by the CCP across all China in 1949, the KMT fled to {{wiki|Taiwan}}, which they violently seized on the pretext of inheriting former Qing imperial possessions.<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.4">Ibid., "Is Chinese society modern?", pp. 71–95.</ref> There, they reestablished their government while the CCP declared the {{wiki|People's Republic of China}} (PRC),<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.3" /> with both sides claiming ''de jure'' sovereignty over China, with Taiwan as an inalienable constituent. After decades of one-party rule under the KMT, the Republic of China (ROC) democratized in the 1990s, making way for multiparty elections.<ref name="Mitter 2016 ch.4" /> At the present, the KMT remains one of the two main parties of the ROC, opposite the {{wiki|Democratic Progressive Pary}} representing Taiwanese nationalism.

Revision as of 21:06, 17 May 2023

The Nationalist Party of China (中國國民黨, Mandarin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng), popularly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a major political party of the Republic of China. Founded by Templar Grand Master Sun Yat-sen,[1] it advocated a liberal democratic republic for China and was one of the revolutionary groups behind the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1912. Within a short time of its establishment, the Republic of China splintered into warlord states, with the KMT controlling the southern province of Guangdong.[2]

Assassins ended Sun Yat-sen's life[1] in 1925,[2] and by 1927, the party had come under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek,[1] the generalissimo bent on reunifying China with a Northern Expedition.[3] His military campaign was surreptitiously aided by the Shanghai Rite, who hoped to renew the KMT's association with the Order by offering Chiang the grand master position. Arriving in Shanghai on 12 April 1927, Chiang not only rebuffed the Templar offer, but he also unleashed a surprise purge of the KMT's communist allies.[3]

This event precipitated the civil war between the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),[4] at the onset only one conflict in a wider arena of warring states[2] and with an interlude during the Japanese invasion of China.[5] Defeated by the CCP across all China in 1949, the KMT fled to Taiwan, which they violently seized on the pretext of inheriting former Qing imperial possessions.[6] There, they reestablished their government while the CCP declared the People's Republic of China (PRC),[5] with both sides claiming de jure sovereignty over China, with Taiwan as an inalienable constituent. After decades of one-party rule under the KMT, the Republic of China (ROC) democratized in the 1990s, making way for multiparty elections.[6] At the present, the KMT remains one of the two main parties of the ROC, opposite the Democratic Progressive Pary representing Taiwanese nationalism.

Appearances

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Assassin's Creed: Templars – Issue #002
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mitter, Rana. (2016). "The Old Order and the New". In Modern China: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–38.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Assassin's Creed: Templars – Issue #003
  4. ↑ Assassin's Creed: Templars – Volume 1: Black Cross
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mitter, Rana. (2016). "Making China Modern". In Modern China: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 39–70.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ibid., "Is Chinese society modern?", pp. 71–95.

zh:国民党

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