Welcome to Assassin's Creed Wiki! Log in and join the community.
Iraq: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Kaikai947 mNo edit summary |
m Text replacement - "Basim Ibn Ishaq" to "Basim ibn Ishaq" |
||
| (6 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
|image1= ACMir Baghdad Overview.jpg | |image1= ACMir Baghdad Overview.jpg | ||
|caption1= Baghdad in the 860s | |caption1= Baghdad in the 860s | ||
|languages={{wiki|Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic}}<br>{{wiki|Kurdish languages|Kurdish}} | |languages= {{wiki|Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic}}<br>{{wiki|Kurdish languages|Kurdish}} | ||
|religion= [[Islam]] | |religion= [[Islam]] | ||
|demonym={{wiki|Iraqi}} | |demonym= {{wiki|Iraqis|Iraqi}} | ||
|current_state= {{wiki|Republic of Iraq}} | |current_state= {{wiki|Republic of Iraq}} | ||
|capital=[[Baghdad]] | |capital= [[Baghdad]] | ||
|assassin_branch= | |assassin_branch= [[Hidden Ones of Alamut|Alamut Brotherhood]] | ||
|templar_branch= | |templar_branch= [[Order of the Ancients]] | ||
|past_states=[[Babylonia]]<br>[[Abbasid Caliphate]] | |past_states= [[Babylonia]]<br>[[Abbasid Caliphate]] | ||
|historical_capitals= | |historical_capitals= | ||
|periods= | |periods= | ||
|major_conflicts= [[Iraq War]] | |major_conflicts= [[Iraq War]] | ||
|region=[[Asia]] | |region= [[Asia]] | ||
|features= | |features= | ||
|major_cities= {{wiki|Basra}} | |major_cities= {{wiki|Basra}} | ||
|major_landmarks= | |major_landmarks= | ||
|isu_vault(s)= | |isu_vault(s)= [[Northern Oasis vault]]<br>[[Excavation Site, Baghdad|Excavation Site]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Iraq''' is a country in the Middle East | '''Iraq''' is a country in the [[Middle East]] whose territory is analogous to [[Babylonia]] and more broadly to the ancient cultural region known as [[Mesopotamia]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The modern state of Iraq emerged out of colonialism as the [[British Empire|British]] and [[France|French]] partitioned the [[Ottoman Empire]] amongst themselves against promises of a united [[Arabia|Arab state]].<ref name="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">{{WP|McMahon–Hussein Correspondence}}</ref><ref name="Arab Revolt">{{WP|Arab Revolt}}</ref><ref name="Sharifian Solution">{{WP|Sharifian Solution}}</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch33">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Great War: The World in Upheaval". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 780–808.</ref> Despite this, the contemporary boundaries correspond roughly to those of older territorial entities, such as the province of Iraq under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]],<ref name="Abbasid provinces">[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cattette Cattette]. "[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbasid_Caliphate_850AD.png Abbasid Caliphate 850 AD]". ''Wikimedia Commons''. Last updated 29 March 2021. Accessed 8 November 2023.</ref> the ancient kingdom of [[Babylonia]], and the city-states of {{wiki|Sumer}}, all of which were situated in the {{wiki|Fertile Crescent|fertile plains}} between the rivers [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]].<ref name="Spielvogel 2018">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2018). "The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations". In ''Western Civilization'', 10th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, pp. 1–31.</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch1">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 2–129.</ref> | ===Origins=== | ||
The modern state of Iraq emerged out of colonialism as the [[British Empire|British]] and [[France|French]] {{Wiki|Sykes–Picot Agreement|partitioned}} the [[Ottoman Empire]] amongst themselves against promises of a united [[Arabia|Arab state]].<ref name="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">{{WP|McMahon–Hussein Correspondence}}</ref><ref name="Arab Revolt">{{WP|Arab Revolt}}</ref><ref name="Sharifian Solution">{{WP|Sharifian Solution}}</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch33">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Great War: The World in Upheaval". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 780–808.</ref> Despite this, the contemporary boundaries correspond roughly to those of older territorial entities, such as the province of Iraq under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]],<ref name="Abbasid provinces">[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cattette Cattette]. "[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abbasid_Caliphate_850AD.png Abbasid Caliphate 850 AD]". ''Wikimedia Commons''. Last updated 29 March 2021. Accessed 8 November 2023.</ref> the ancient kingdom of [[Babylonia]], and the city-states of {{wiki|Sumer}}, all of which were situated in the {{wiki|Fertile Crescent|fertile plains}} between the rivers [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]].<ref name="Spielvogel 2018">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2018). "The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations". In ''Western Civilization'', 10th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, pp. 1–31.</ref><ref name="Bentley 2015 ch1">Bentley, Jerry H., et al. (2015). "The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.". In ''Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past'', 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 2–129.</ref> | |||
When | ===Medieval period=== | ||
When the Abbasids [[Abbasid Revolution|overthrew]] the reigning [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyads]] in the mid-8th century, the new regime moved the capital from [[Damascus]] in the [[Levant]] to [[Baghdad]] in Iraq to be closer to the [[Iran|Persian]] allies who facilitated their victory.<ref name="Abbasid Revolution">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Abbasid Revolution|Codex: Abbasid Revolution]]</ref> Baghdad greatly grew to become an international hub of commerce, education, culture, and finance so that by the 9th century,<ref name="Center of a World">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Center of a World|Codex: Center of a World]]</ref> it was a cosmopolitan city at the forefront of the world's scientific and literary advances.<ref name="Scientific Method">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Scientific Method|Codex: Scientific Method]]</ref><ref name="Translation Movement">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Translation Movement|Codex: Translation Movement]]</ref><ref name="Healthcare">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Healthcare|Codex: Healthcare]]</ref><ref name="Arabic as a Cultural Unifier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Database: Arabic as a Cultural Unifier|Arabic as a Cultural Unifier]]</ref> | |||
By the mid-9th century, both the [[Assassins|Hidden Ones]] and their sworn rivals, the [[Order of the Ancients]], had spread their influence to Baghdad, with the latter infiltrating the Abbasid Caliphate's highest levels of power and corrupting the city's administration. The Ancients held control over Baghdad's trade,<ref name="Gilded Butterflies">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Gilded Butterflies]]</ref> military,<ref name="Den of the Beast">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Den of the Beast]]</ref> and government,<ref name="Judge and Executioner">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[Judge and Executioner]]</ref> and used their vast resources to set up excavation sites around the city to find [[Isu]] ruins and the [[Piece of Eden|artifacts]] they housed.<ref name="First Order">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[First Order]]</ref><ref name="The Great Symposium">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[The Great Symposium]]</ref> The Order even held sway over the caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]],<ref name="Master Thief">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[The Master Thief of Anbar]]</ref> whose [[concubine]] [[Qabiha]] secretly led the organization as its [[Ra's Al-Af'a]].<ref name="The Serpent's Nest">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[The Serpent's Nest]]</ref> | |||
In 2003, as part of the greater "[[War on Terror]]", the [[United States]] invaded Iraq. The [[ | During the [[Anarchy at Samarra]], a period of extreme instability caused by the succession crisis following al-Mutawakkil's sudden death in 861, the Hidden Ones worked to diminish the Order's influence over the Caliphate. [[Basim ibn Ishaq]] assassinated the Ancients operating in Baghdad, gradually removing the Order's corruption,<ref name="ACMir">''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]</ref> but also inadvertently leading to a {{Wiki|Abbasid civil war (865–866)|civil war}} between the reigning caliph, [[al-Musta'in]], who was supported by the [[Turkic Army]], and his cousin [[Al-Mu'tazz|Abu 'Abdallah]], who challenged his claim to the throne.<ref name="Judge and Executioner"/><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' – [[The Head of the Snake]]</ref> | ||
The Caliphate's rule continued to be turbulent throughout the following centuries, and the Abbasid period eventually came to an end in 1258. The [[Mongol Empire]]'s [[Sack of Baghdad]], which targeted much of the city's intellectual institutions like the [[House of Wisdom]],<ref name="Revelations novel">[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]]</ref> was the death-knell to the already weakened Abbasids and led to a decline that lasted many centuries.{{Fact|8 November 2023}} | |||
===Modern times=== | |||
In 1936,<ref>{{WP|Baghdad Battery}}</ref> a group of archaeologists in an Iraqi digging site uncovered an Isu artifact they named the [[Baghdad Battery]], though its function would remain a mystery for many decades.<ref name="File: Baghdad Battery">''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' – [[Noob's personal files]]: Crypto-History: Artifacts</ref> | |||
In 2003, as part of the greater "[[War on Terror]]", the [[United States]] invaded Iraq. The [[Templars]] had planned the [[Iraq War]] as early as December 2000 and expected their puppet, President [[George W. Bush]], would restart U.S-Iraq animosities and, therefore, provide work for [[Dick Cheney]]'s military contractors.<ref name="Rift">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Rifts]]: Cluster 7</ref> The war toppled {{Wiki|Saddam Hussein}}'s government, and American occupation lasted until 2011.<ref>{{WP|Iraq War}}</ref> | |||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
{{Incomplete list}} | {{Incomplete list}} | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' {{1stm}} | *''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' {{1stm}} | ||
*''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' {{Mo}} | |||
*''[[Echoes of History]]'' {{Mo}} | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Daughter of No One]]'' | |||
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage – A Soar of Eagles]]'' | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Scroll box|content={{Reflist|2}}}} | ||
<!--[zh:伊拉克]--> | |||
[[Category:Iraq| ]] | |||
[[Category:Countries in Asia]] | [[Category:Countries in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Middle East]] | |||
Latest revision as of 01:07, 25 May 2026
Iraq is a country in the Middle East whose territory is analogous to Babylonia and more broadly to the ancient cultural region known as Mesopotamia.
History[edit | edit source]
Origins[edit | edit source]
The modern state of Iraq emerged out of colonialism as the British and French partitioned the Ottoman Empire amongst themselves against promises of a united Arab state.[1][2][3][4] Despite this, the contemporary boundaries correspond roughly to those of older territorial entities, such as the province of Iraq under the Abbasid Caliphate,[5] the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, and the city-states of Sumer, all of which were situated in the fertile plains between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates.[6][7]
Medieval period[edit | edit source]
When the Abbasids overthrew the reigning Umayyads in the mid-8th century, the new regime moved the capital from Damascus in the Levant to Baghdad in Iraq to be closer to the Persian allies who facilitated their victory.[8] Baghdad greatly grew to become an international hub of commerce, education, culture, and finance so that by the 9th century,[9] it was a cosmopolitan city at the forefront of the world's scientific and literary advances.[10][11][12][13]
By the mid-9th century, both the Hidden Ones and their sworn rivals, the Order of the Ancients, had spread their influence to Baghdad, with the latter infiltrating the Abbasid Caliphate's highest levels of power and corrupting the city's administration. The Ancients held control over Baghdad's trade,[14] military,[15] and government,[16] and used their vast resources to set up excavation sites around the city to find Isu ruins and the artifacts they housed.[17][18] The Order even held sway over the caliph al-Mutawakkil,[19] whose concubine Qabiha secretly led the organization as its Ra's Al-Af'a.[20]
During the Anarchy at Samarra, a period of extreme instability caused by the succession crisis following al-Mutawakkil's sudden death in 861, the Hidden Ones worked to diminish the Order's influence over the Caliphate. Basim ibn Ishaq assassinated the Ancients operating in Baghdad, gradually removing the Order's corruption,[21] but also inadvertently leading to a civil war between the reigning caliph, al-Musta'in, who was supported by the Turkic Army, and his cousin Abu 'Abdallah, who challenged his claim to the throne.[16][22]
The Caliphate's rule continued to be turbulent throughout the following centuries, and the Abbasid period eventually came to an end in 1258. The Mongol Empire's Sack of Baghdad, which targeted much of the city's intellectual institutions like the House of Wisdom,[23] was the death-knell to the already weakened Abbasids and led to a decline that lasted many centuries. [citation needed]
Modern times[edit | edit source]
In 1936,[24] a group of archaeologists in an Iraqi digging site uncovered an Isu artifact they named the Baghdad Battery, though its function would remain a mystery for many decades.[25]
In 2003, as part of the greater "War on Terror", the United States invaded Iraq. The Templars had planned the Iraq War as early as December 2000 and expected their puppet, President George W. Bush, would restart U.S-Iraq animosities and, therefore, provide work for Dick Cheney's military contractors.[26] The war toppled Saddam Hussein's government, and American occupation lasted until 2011.[27]
Appearances[edit | edit source]
 This list is incomplete. You can help the Assassin's Creed Wiki by expanding it.
|
|---|
- Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (first mentioned)
- Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag (mentioned only)
- Echoes of History (mentioned only)
- Assassin's Creed: Mirage
- Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Daughter of No One
- Assassin's Creed: Mirage – A Soar of Eagles
