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{{Era|Locations}} | {{Era|Locations}}{{WP-REAL|Kaifeng}} | ||
{{WP-REAL|Kaifeng}} | {{Imageneed|''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]''}} | ||
{{Imageneed}} | '''Chenliu''' (陳留), presently known as '''Kaifeng''' (開封),<ref name="Dynasty 17">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Golden Turtles (Part 1)]]</ref> is a city in [[Henan]], [[China]] situated immediately east of [[Xingyang]] and [[Luoyang]] along the [[Yellow River]].<ref name="Dynasty 18">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Golden Turtles (Part 2)]]</ref> It was the seat of '''Chenliu Commandery''' (陳留郡) under the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907)<ref name="Dynasty 18" /> and the imperial capital of the [[Song dynasty|Song]] (960–1279) for the first half of its history prior to its {{wiki|Jingkang Incident|conquest}} by the {{wiki|Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jurchen Jin}}.<ref name="Kuhn 2009">Kuhn, Dieter. (2009). "Transforming the Capitals". In ''The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 187–212.</ref> | ||
'''Chenliu''' (陳留), presently known as '''Kaifeng''' (開封),<ref name="Dynasty 17">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Golden Turtles (Part 1)]]</ref> is a city in [[Henan]] situated immediately east of [[Xingyang]] and [[Luoyang]] along the [[Yellow River]].<ref name="Dynasty 18">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Golden Turtles (Part 2)]]</ref> It was the seat of '''Chenliu Commandery''' (陳留郡) under the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907)<ref name="Dynasty 18" /> and the imperial capital of the [[Song dynasty|Song]] (960–1279) for the first half of its history prior to its {{wiki|Jingkang Incident|conquest}} by the {{wiki|Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jurchen Jin}}.<ref name="Kuhn 2009">Kuhn, Dieter. (2009). "Transforming the Capitals". In ''The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 187–212.</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
When the [[An Lushan Rebellion]] broke out in 755,<ref name="Dynasty 10">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 3)]]</ref> Chenliu Commandery was placed under the supervision of Defence Officer (防禦使) [[Zhang Jieran]] to resist the ''[[jiedushi]]''{{'}}s advance. [[An Lushan]]'s army of 200,000 troops<ref name="Dynasty 15">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 8)]]</ref> crossed the [[Yellow River]] on 8 January 756,<ref name="Timeline">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14]]</ref><ref name="Sinica converter">兩千年中西曆轉換 [ | When the [[An Lushan Rebellion]] broke out in 755,<ref name="Dynasty 10">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 3)]]</ref> Chenliu Commandery was placed under the supervision of Defence Officer (防禦使) [[Zhang Jieran]] to resist the ''[[jiedushi]]''{{'}}s advance. [[An Lushan]]'s army of 200,000 troops<ref name="Dynasty 15">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Beacon Fire (Part 8)]]</ref> crossed the [[Yellow River]] on 8 January 756,<ref name="Timeline">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' – [[Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14]]</ref><ref name="Sinica converter">兩千年中西曆轉換 [Chinese–Western Two Thousand Year Calendar Converter]. Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures. Accessed 27 April 2023. https://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/</ref> Three days later, he attacked Chenliu and captured it with ease.<ref name="Timeline" /> Jieran was bound with ropes and presented to Lushan before the city gates, who killed him in a fury while grieving the execution of his favourite son [[An Qingzong]] in [[Chang'an]]. Filled with bloodlust, Lushan then proceeded to massacre the Chenliu prisoners-of-war, totalling nearly 10,000 men.<ref name="Dynasty 17" /> | ||
==Behind the scenes== | ==Behind the scenes== | ||
Chenliu features in the manhua ''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' (2020), where its fall to the rebel ''jiedushi'' An Lushan is depicted in [[Golden Turtles (Part 1)|Chapter 17]]. This event is dated in the chapter to the twelfth month of [[Tianbao era|Tianbao Year 14]], which is | Chenliu features in the manhua ''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' (2020), where its fall to the rebel ''jiedushi'' An Lushan is depicted in [[Golden Turtles (Part 1)|Chapter 17]]. This event is dated in the chapter to the twelfth month of [[Tianbao era|Tianbao Year 14]], which is misleadingly glossed to 755 CE of the {{wiki|Gregorian calendar}}. A relative chronology of events given in the [[Golden Turtles (Part 2)|following chapter]] is further corroborated in the later [[Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14|timeline]] appended to Volume 4: ''The Last Stand of Justice''. These dates correctly align with those given in the historical records the ''{{wiki|Old Book of Tang}}'' (945) and the ''{{wiki|Zizhi Tongjian}}'' (1084) but corresponds to January of 756 CE when [https://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/ converted] into the Gregorian calendar. | ||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:04, 17 January 2024
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Chenliu (陳留), presently known as Kaifeng (開封),[1] is a city in Henan, China situated immediately east of Xingyang and Luoyang along the Yellow River.[2] It was the seat of Chenliu Commandery (陳留郡) under the Tang dynasty (618–907)[2] and the imperial capital of the Song (960–1279) for the first half of its history prior to its conquest by the Jurchen Jin.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
When the An Lushan Rebellion broke out in 755,[4] Chenliu Commandery was placed under the supervision of Defence Officer (防禦使) Zhang Jieran to resist the jiedushi's advance. An Lushan's army of 200,000 troops[5] crossed the Yellow River on 8 January 756,[6][7] Three days later, he attacked Chenliu and captured it with ease.[6] Jieran was bound with ropes and presented to Lushan before the city gates, who killed him in a fury while grieving the execution of his favourite son An Qingzong in Chang'an. Filled with bloodlust, Lushan then proceeded to massacre the Chenliu prisoners-of-war, totalling nearly 10,000 men.[1]
Behind the scenes[edit | edit source]
Chenliu features in the manhua Assassin's Creed: Dynasty (2020), where its fall to the rebel jiedushi An Lushan is depicted in Chapter 17. This event is dated in the chapter to the twelfth month of Tianbao Year 14, which is misleadingly glossed to 755 CE of the Gregorian calendar. A relative chronology of events given in the following chapter is further corroborated in the later timeline appended to Volume 4: The Last Stand of Justice. These dates correctly align with those given in the historical records the Old Book of Tang (945) and the Zizhi Tongjian (1084) but corresponds to January of 756 CE when converted into the Gregorian calendar.
Appearances[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Golden Turtles (Part 1)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Golden Turtles (Part 2)
- ↑ Kuhn, Dieter. (2009). "Transforming the Capitals". In The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 187–212.
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Beacon Fire (Part 3)
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Beacon Fire (Part 8)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Assassin's Creed: Dynasty – Record of Major Events in Tianbao Year 14
- ↑ 兩千年中西曆轉換 [Chinese–Western Two Thousand Year Calendar Converter]. Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures. Accessed 27 April 2023. https://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/