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| |image = Palazzo Laterano.jpg}} | | |image = Palazzo Laterano.jpg}} |
| The '''Palazzo Laterano,''' formally the '''Apostolic Palace of the Lateran''' (Italian: ''Palazzo Apostolico Lateranense''), is an ancient palace of the [[Roman Empire]] and later the main Papal residence for over a thousand years. It is the location of a [[Lair of Romulus]] in ''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''. | | The '''Palazzo Laterano,''' formally the '''Apostolic Palace of the Lateran''' (Italian: ''Palazzo Apostolico Lateranense''), is an ancient palace of the [[Roman Empire]] and later the main Papal residence for over a thousand years. It is the location of a [[Lair of Romulus]] in ''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''. |
| ===Pre-papal use===
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| The site on which the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano sits was occupied during the early Roman Empire by the domus of the Plautii Laterani family. The Laterani served as administrators for several emperors; Lucius Sextius Lateranus was the first plebeian to attain the rank of consul. One of the Laterani, Consul-designate Plautius Lateranus, became famous for being accused by Nero of conspiracy against the emperor. The accusation resulted in the confiscation and redistribution of his properties.
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| ===Constantinian era===
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| The ''Domus Laterani'' fell into the hands of the emperor when Constantine I married his second wife Fausta, sister of Maxentius. Known by that time as the ''Domus Faustae'' or "House of Fausta," the structure was eventually given to the Bishop of [[Rome]] by Constantine. The actual date of the gift is unknown but scholars believe it had to have been during the pontificate of Pope Miltiades, in time to host a synod of bishops in 313 that was convened to challenge the Donatist schism, declaring Donatism as heresy. The basilica of the ''domus'' was converted and extended, eventually becoming the cathedral of Rome, the seat of the popes as patriarchs of Rome.
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| ===10th century restoration===
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| In the tenth Century Sergius III restored it after a disastrous fire, and later it was greatly embellished by Innocent III. This was the period of its greatest magnificence, when Dante speaks of it as beyond all human achievements. At this time the centre of the piazza was occupied by the palace and tower of the Annibaldi family. Between this palace and the Lateran basilica was the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, which at the time was erroneously believed to represent the Christian Emperor Constantine (which association probably accounted for its preservation). A copy of the equestrian statue is now placed in the centre of the Capitoline Square while the original has been safely preserved for display in the nearby Capitoline Museums.<br />In its place, an obelisk was erected. Originally commissioned by Pharaoh Tuthmosis III, it was completed by his grandson, Tuthmosis IV. At 32.18 m (45.70 m including the base) it is the tallest obelisk in Rome and the largest standing ancient Egyptian obelisk in the world, weighing over 230 tons. Following the annexation of Egypt to the Empire, it was taken from the temple of Amun in Karna and brought to Alexandria with another obelisk by Constantius II. From there it was brought on its own to Rome in 357 to decorate the ''spina'' of the Circus Maximus. The dedication on the base however, gives the glory to Constantine I, not to his son who brought it to Rome.
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| The whole of the front of the palace was taken up with the ''Aula Concilii'' ("Hall of the Council"), a magnificent hall with eleven apses, in which were held the various Councils of the Lateran during the medieval period. The private apartments of the popes in this palace were situated between this ''Triclinium'' and the city walls.
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| ===Avignon Papacy===
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| The fall of the palace from this position of glory was the result of the departure of the popes from Rome during the Avignon Papacy.
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| Two destructive fires, in 1307 and 1361, did irreparable harm, and although vast sums were sent from Avignon for the rebuilding, the palace never again attained its former splendour. When the popes returned to Rome they resided first at Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere, then at Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and lastly fixed their residence at the [[Vatican]]. Sixtus V, more concerned with rationalized urban planning than the preservation of antiquities, then destroyed what still remained of the ancient palace of the Lateran in 1586 and erected the present much smaller edifice in its place.
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| ==Trivia== | | ==Trivia== |
The Palazzo Laterano, formally the Apostolic Palace of the Lateran (Italian: Palazzo Apostolico Lateranense), is an ancient palace of the Roman Empire and later the main Papal residence for over a thousand years. It is the location of a Lair of Romulus in Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood.
Trivia
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See Also
