François Duvalier: Difference between revisions
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| death = 21 April 1971 (aged 64)<br>Port-au-Prince, Republic of Haiti | | death = 21 April 1971 (aged 64)<br>Port-au-Prince, Republic of Haiti | ||
| species = [[Human]] | | species = [[Human]] | ||
| affiliates = | | affiliates = {{Wiki|Government of Haiti}} | ||
*{{wiki|National Unity Party (Haiti)|National Unity Party}} | |||
[[Templars]]}} | |||
'''François Duvalier''' (1907 – 1971), also known by his nickname '''Papa Doc''', was the President of [[Haiti]] from 1957 to his death. He was also affiliated with the [[Templars|Templar Order]], though his political regime under their guidance was later crushed when he was killed by the [[Assassins]] in 1971. | '''François Duvalier''' (1907 – 1971), also known by his nickname '''Papa Doc''', was the President of [[Haiti]] from 1957 to his death. He was also affiliated with the [[Templars|Templar Order]], though his political regime under their guidance was later crushed when he was killed by the [[Assassins]] in 1971. | ||
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===Political regime=== | ===Political regime=== | ||
After becoming President in 1957, Duvalier swiftly consolidated power, establishing a paramilitary force known as the ''{{Wiki|Tonton Macoutes}}'' to suppress dissent.<ref name="WP"/> In 1963, after the success of the {{Wiki|Yaws}} treatment program, Duvalier | After becoming President in 1957, Duvalier swiftly consolidated power, establishing a paramilitary force known as the ''{{Wiki|Tonton Macoutes}}'' to suppress dissent.<ref name="WP"/> In 1963, after the success of the {{Wiki|Yaws}} treatment program, Duvalier discussed it with his generals and [[Israel]]'s {{Wiki|Haiti–Israel relations|Haitian delegate}} Joel Barromi.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://coldwarresistance.wordpress.com/2020/12/01/faces-of-cold-war-resistance-francois-papa-doc-duvalier/| title=Faces of Cold War Resistance: François “Papa Doc” Duvalier| publisher=''Cold War Resistance''| author="scientificinquirer"| date=1 December 2020| accessdate=1 January 2024| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202083806/https://coldwarresistance.wordpress.com/2020/12/01/faces-of-cold-war-resistance-francois-papa-doc-duvalier/| archivedate=2 December 2020}}</ref> In 1964, he declared himself "{{Wiki|President for life}}", concentrating power in his hands. The {{Wiki|Duvalier dynasty|regime}} engaged in widespread {{Wiki|Human rights in Haiti|human rights abuses}}, including {{Wiki|Political repression|political persecution}}, {{Wiki|torture}}, and {{Wiki|extrajudicial killing}}s. The notorious Papa Doc ruled through fear and manipulated {{Wiki|Haitian Vodou|Vodou}} {{Wiki|Haitian mythology|traditions}} to instill a sense of mysticism around his regime.<ref name="WP"/> | ||
===Death=== | ===Death=== | ||
Due to Duvalier's tyrannical rule over Haiti as well as his alliance with the Templars, the Assassins had Duvalier killed on 21 April 1971.<ref name="glyph">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' - [[Glyphs#15|Glyph 15: "Guardians"]]</ref> Though the Assassins ended his life, the oppressive regime continued under Duvalier's son {{Wiki|Jean-Claude Duvalier|Jean-Claude}} while the Templars later successfully pushed the narrative Duvalier had died from his life-long {{Wiki|heart disease}}.<ref name="WP"/> | |||
===Legacy=== | ===Legacy=== | ||
Details of Duvalier's assassination were later collected by the | Details of Duvalier's assassination were later collected by the Assassin [[Clay Kaczmarek]] in late 2012 while he was held captive by [[Abstergo Industries]] at their [[Animus Project laboratory]] in [[Rome]]. He then hid the information within the [[Animus|Animus 1.28]] in [[Glyphs|Glyph]] puzzles for his successor, [[Desmond Miles]].<ref name="glyph"/> Sometime in early September,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[The Desmond Files]]</ref> solved the puzzle set titled "Guardians", in which Duvalier was included in a list of assassinated historical individuals.<ref name="glyph" /> | ||
==Appearances== | ==Appearances== | ||
Revision as of 08:25, 1 January 2024
François Duvalier (1907 – 1971), also known by his nickname Papa Doc, was the President of Haiti from 1957 to his death. He was also affiliated with the Templar Order, though his political regime under their guidance was later crushed when he was killed by the Assassins in 1971.
Biography
Early life
Born in Port-au-Prince in 1907, François Duvalier, son of Duval Duvalier and Ulyssia Abraham, completed a medical degree in 1934 and served as a staff physician. After studying public health at the University of Michigan, he joined a campaign to combat tropical diseases in Haiti. Known as "Papa Doc" by his patients, Duvalier played a significant role in public health, tackling diseases like typhus and malaria.[1]
Political regime
After becoming President in 1957, Duvalier swiftly consolidated power, establishing a paramilitary force known as the Tonton Macoutes to suppress dissent.[1] In 1963, after the success of the Yaws treatment program, Duvalier discussed it with his generals and Israel's Haitian delegate Joel Barromi.[2] In 1964, he declared himself "President for life", concentrating power in his hands. The regime engaged in widespread human rights abuses, including political persecution, torture, and extrajudicial killings. The notorious Papa Doc ruled through fear and manipulated Vodou traditions to instill a sense of mysticism around his regime.[1]
Death
Due to Duvalier's tyrannical rule over Haiti as well as his alliance with the Templars, the Assassins had Duvalier killed on 21 April 1971.[3] Though the Assassins ended his life, the oppressive regime continued under Duvalier's son Jean-Claude while the Templars later successfully pushed the narrative Duvalier had died from his life-long heart disease.[1]
Legacy
Details of Duvalier's assassination were later collected by the Assassin Clay Kaczmarek in late 2012 while he was held captive by Abstergo Industries at their Animus Project laboratory in Rome. He then hid the information within the Animus 1.28 in Glyph puzzles for his successor, Desmond Miles.[3] Sometime in early September,[4] solved the puzzle set titled "Guardians", in which Duvalier was included in a list of assassinated historical individuals.[3]
Appearances
- Assassin's Creed II (photo only)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
François Duvalier on Wikipedia
- ↑ "scientificinquirer" (1 December 2020). Faces of Cold War Resistance: François “Papa Doc” Duvalier. Cold War Resistance. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved on 1 January 2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Assassin's Creed II - Glyph 15: "Guardians"
- ↑ Assassin's Creed: Initiates – The Desmond Files