imported>Lady Kyashira: XOdeyssusx moved page Egypt: The Founding of Cyrene to Tours: The Founding of Cyrene

2021-07-10T06:32:11Z

XOdeyssusx moved page Egypt: The Founding of Cyrene to Tours: The Founding of Cyrene

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imported>Lady Kyashira: Created page with "'''Learn about the city of Cyrene.''' |-|Cyrenaica= File:DT Map of the World - Mediterranean.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the world by Eratosthenes of Cyrene, circa..."

2021-07-07T15:06:08Z

Páàjì titun

'''Learn about the city of [[Cyrene]].'''

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|-|Cyrenaica=
[[File:DT Map of the World - Mediterranean.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the world by Eratosthenes of Cyrene, circa 240 BCE]]
[[Cyrenaica]] stretches across the coast of northwest [[Africa]]. It was known as Pentopolis in antiquity, a reference to the five main cities that formed the [[Greece|Greek]] colonies.

Built on a lush plateau of the [[Green Mountains]] in what is present day [[Libya]], a colony of Greek settlers formed the city in 630 BCE.

[[Cyrene]]'s population quickly grew, spreading out across the terraces of the plateau, making it the first and largest of the five colonies.

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|-|Cyrene=
[[File:DT - Arcesilaus Cup.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Arcesilaus II of Cyrene|Arcesilaus II]], king of [[Cyrene]], supervising the weighing and storage of [[silphium]].]]
The city of Cyrene was founded by [[Battos Aristottle]], guided by the [[Pythia|Oracle of Delphi]].

Overcrowded and suffering from drought, Battos's home island of [[Thera]] could not sustain its citizens. Battos consulted the oracle who told them to journey to the North African coast in search of arable land.

A series of kings reigned over the city in the first two centuries. However, rebellion eventually ended the monarchy and henceforth, the city was governed by the aristocracy.

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|-|Cyrene's Key Features=
[[File:DT - Agora of Cyrene.png|thumb|250px|Agora of Cyrene]]
The key features of Cyrene were temples dedicated to gods: [[Apollonion of Cyrene|Apollo]], [[Demeter]] and [[Temple of Zeus, Cyrene|Zeus]] alongside Ptolemaic gods such as [[Isis|Iset]] and [[Serapis]].

A large [[Agora of Cyrene|agora]] defined the city center, and on the western edge, the famed [[Roman Akropolis|Acropolis]] was built.

A fortification wall was added around the harbor at the end of the 2nd century CE. As the city grew, more buildings were constructed beyond the walls.

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|-|An Economic Powerhouse=
[[File:DT_-_Aristippos.jpg|thumb|250px|Two-faced bust, likely Aristippus of Cyrene and his daughter, Arete]]
Under [[Roman Republic|Roman]] influence Cyrene became an economic powerhouse, rising in status
throughout the Mediterranean.

Cyrene's school of medicine rivaled all others except for that of the Greek city [[Kos|Cos]].

Some of the great minds in ancient math, astronomy and geography were born or established in the various schools of the city, which included an institute of philosophy founded by [[Aristippos]], a pupil of [[Sokrates|Socrates]].

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|-|The Fall of Cyrene=
[[File:DT - Cyrene statue.jpg|thumb|250px|Statue of a draped woman, acephalous]]
From 115 to 117 CE there was a {{Wiki|Kitos War|revolt}} in the [[Jews|Jewish]] quarter that greatly damaged the city of Cyrene.

Over time, a succession of battles, poor management of its silphium crop and earthquakes eventually took their toll on the city.

It was completely abandoned in 365 CE.

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|-|Cyrene & Apollonia=
[[File:DT - Cyrene & Apollonia.png|thumb|250px|Apollonia]]
The nearby port of [[Apollonia]] was an ideal location with its natural cove, sheltered by two islands and rocky inlets.

Along with a lighthouse, the port was later equipped with quays and warehouses to accommodate the increased shipping traffic.

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|-|Apollonia's Fate=
[[File:DT_-_Apollonia_ruins.jpg|thumb|250px|Apollonia Ruins On Landscape Against Cloudy Sky]]
With its success as a commercial trading port, Apollonia surpassed Cyrene to eventually become the capital of the Pentapolis.

A number of earthquakes gradually shifted the city causing many of its original structures to sink. Some of its ruins can still be seen underwater.

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[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]

Tours: The Founding of Cyrene - Revision history

imported>Lady Kyashira: XOdeyssusx moved page Egypt: The Founding of Cyrene to Tours: The Founding of Cyrene

imported>Lady Kyashira: Created page with "'''Learn about the city of Cyrene.''' |-|Cyrenaica= File:DT Map of the World - Mediterranean.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the world by Eratosthenes of Cyrene, circa..."