Tours: Building Ancient Egypt - Revision history

imported>Fielran: updated imageneed template, removed inaccurate noimage marker

2023-06-14T02:10:11Z

updated imageneed template, removed inaccurate noimage marker

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:10, 14 June 2023
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	{{Imageneed}}		{{Imageneed\|''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]''}}
	'''Understand the different techniques used by ancient [[Egypt]]ians to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.'''		'''Understand the different techniques used by ancient [[Egypt]]ians to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.'''
	<tabber>		<tabber>

imported>Darman36 at 13:00, 7 November 2022

2022-11-07T13:00:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 7 November 2022
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	{{Imageneed}}		{{Imageneed}}
	'''Understand the different techniques used by ancient [[Egypt~~\|Egyptians~~]] to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.'''		'''Understand the different techniques used by ancient [[Egypt]]ians to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.'''

	<tabber>		<tabber>
	\|-\|The Quarries=		\|-\|The Quarries=
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	For these very important structures, Egyptians used [[limestone]], sandstone, and harder materials such as granite, quartzite and travertine. These heavy stone blocks were so prized that they were often transported from quarries located hundreds of kilometers away.		For these very important structures, Egyptians used [[limestone]], sandstone, and harder materials such as granite, quartzite and travertine. These heavy stone blocks were so prized that they were often transported from quarries located hundreds of kilometers away.

	\|-\|Limestone=		\|-\|Limestone=
	Limestone was common and easy to extract from quarries on the east bank of the [[Nile]].		Limestone was common and easy to extract from quarries on the east bank of the [[Nile]].
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	Limestone was used for the building of the first [[pyramid]]s, and for most of the religious buildings of the {{Wiki\|Old Kingdom of Egypt\|Old}} and {{Wiki\|Middle Kingdom of Egypt\|Middle Kingdoms}}.		Limestone was used for the building of the first [[pyramid]]s, and for most of the religious buildings of the {{Wiki\|Old Kingdom of Egypt\|Old}} and {{Wiki\|Middle Kingdom of Egypt\|Middle Kingdoms}}.

	\|-\|The Open Pit Quarry=		\|-\|The Open Pit Quarry=
	Ancient Egyptians preferred to use sedimentary rock beds, or layers like sandstone and limestone, because they were often easier to extract.		Ancient Egyptians preferred to use sedimentary rock beds, or layers like sandstone and limestone, because they were often easier to extract.

	The common method used to extract stone was the open pit quarry. Stone cutters would find quality stone, shape and dig it out on site. Open pit quarries enabled many workers to work simultaneously on many blocks, which allowed for better productivity.		The common method used to extract stone was the open pit quarry. Stone cutters would find quality stone, shape and dig it out on site. Open pit quarries enabled many workers to work simultaneously on many blocks, which allowed for better productivity.

	\|-\|Cutting Technique=		\|-\|Cutting Technique=
	Workers would draw a large grid directly on the stone's surface, taking care to leave a space between the blocks. This allowed them to isolate the different blocks and create a trench that would make the extraction easier.		Workers would draw a large grid directly on the stone's surface, taking care to leave a space between the blocks. This allowed them to isolate the different blocks and create a trench that would make the extraction easier.
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	For harder rocks like granite, workers cut a series of holes and hammered wooden wedges into them. They then soaked the wood until it swelled and caused the rock to split.		For harder rocks like granite, workers cut a series of holes and hammered wooden wedges into them. They then soaked the wood until it swelled and caused the rock to split.

	\|-\|Accessing Finer Limestone=		\|-\|Accessing Finer Limestone=
	The gallery extraction technique was used when the desired rock was buried under layers of rubble.		The gallery extraction technique was used when the desired rock was buried under layers of rubble.
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	This pit required a descending platform. Designed like a stairway, it allowed them to free multiple galleries of blocks.		This pit required a descending platform. Designed like a stairway, it allowed them to free multiple galleries of blocks.
			</tabber>
			<tabber>
	\|-\|Splitting Technique=		\|-\|Splitting Technique=
	To cut the stone, they created a longitudinal kerf, or slit, and then cut the rock at a 90-degree angle.		To cut the stone, they created a longitudinal kerf, or slit, and then cut the rock at a 90-degree angle.
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	Wooden wedges were inserted in the rock and hammered in. Shock waves were then generated using hammers, fracturing the blocks at the seam.		Wooden wedges were inserted in the rock and hammered in. Shock waves were then generated using hammers, fracturing the blocks at the seam.

	~~</tabber>~~
	~~<tabber>~~
	\|-\|Support Sections=		\|-\|Support Sections=
	To maintain the stability of these mining pits over the course of quarrying, workers would leave support sections of unexcavated rock.		To maintain the stability of these mining pits over the course of quarrying, workers would leave support sections of unexcavated rock.

	\|-\|The Worker's Shrine=		\|-\|The Worker's Shrine=
	In every quarry, dedicated shrines were established to offer protection for the workers.		In every quarry, dedicated shrines were established to offer protection for the workers.
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	Every mine and quarry of ancient Egypt included a scorpion charmer, who was said to use magical powers to ward off the dangerous insects and keep the workers safe.		Every mine and quarry of ancient Egypt included a scorpion charmer, who was said to use magical powers to ward off the dangerous insects and keep the workers safe.

	</tabber>		</tabber>
	[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]		[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]

imported>Batfan13 at 05:30, 6 November 2022

2022-11-06T05:30:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 6 November 2022
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	Only religious temples and funerary monuments were meant to stand the ravages of time.		Only religious temples and funerary monuments were meant to stand the ravages of time.

	For these very important structures, Egyptians used limestone, sandstone, and harder materials such as granite, quartzite and travertine. These heavy stone blocks were so prized that they were often transported from quarries located hundreds of kilometers away.		For these very important structures, Egyptians used [[limestone]], sandstone, and harder materials such as granite, quartzite and travertine. These heavy stone blocks were so prized that they were often transported from quarries located hundreds of kilometers away.

	\|-\|Limestone=		\|-\|Limestone=

imported>Soranin at 12:09, 10 September 2022

2022-09-10T12:09:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 10 September 2022
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	This particular limestone had marine fossils in it however, preventing it from being easily decorated and polished. Used as the main building material, the structure would then be finished with a finer limestone that was polished smooth, and decorated as needed.		This particular limestone had marine fossils in it however, preventing it from being easily decorated and polished. Used as the main building material, the structure would then be finished with a finer limestone that was polished smooth, and decorated as needed.

	Limestone was used for the building of the first [[~~pyramids~~]], and for most of the religious buildings of the {{Wiki\|Old Kingdom of Egypt\|Old}} and {{Wiki\|Middle Kingdom of Egypt\|Middle Kingdoms}}.		Limestone was used for the building of the first [[pyramid]]s, and for most of the religious buildings of the {{Wiki\|Old Kingdom of Egypt\|Old}} and {{Wiki\|Middle Kingdom of Egypt\|Middle Kingdoms}}.

	\|-\|The Open Pit Quarry=		\|-\|The Open Pit Quarry=

imported>Lady Kyashira: Created page with "{{Imageneed}} '''Understand the different techniques used by ancient Egyptians to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.''' |-|The Quarries= Const..."

2021-07-11T12:58:34Z

Created page with "{{Imageneed}} '''Understand the different techniques used by ancient Egyptians to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.''' <tabber> |-|The Quarries= Const..."

Páàjì titun

{{Imageneed}}
'''Understand the different techniques used by ancient [[Egypt|Egyptians]] to quarry stone blocks, and build their monuments.'''

<tabber>
|-|The Quarries=
Constructed with bricks made of mud, most ancient Egyptian buildings were not permanent.

Only religious temples and funerary monuments were meant to stand the ravages of time.

For these very important structures, Egyptians used limestone, sandstone, and harder materials such as granite, quartzite and travertine. These heavy stone blocks were so prized that they were often transported from quarries located hundreds of kilometers away.

|-|Limestone=
Limestone was common and easy to extract from quarries on the east bank of the [[Nile]].

This particular limestone had marine fossils in it however, preventing it from being easily decorated and polished. Used as the main building material, the structure would then be finished with a finer limestone that was polished smooth, and decorated as needed.

Limestone was used for the building of the first [[pyramids]], and for most of the religious buildings of the {{Wiki|Old Kingdom of Egypt|Old}} and {{Wiki|Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdoms}}.

|-|The Open Pit Quarry=
Ancient Egyptians preferred to use sedimentary rock beds, or layers like sandstone and limestone, because they were often easier to extract.

The common method used to extract stone was the open pit quarry. Stone cutters would find quality stone, shape and dig it out on site. Open pit quarries enabled many workers to work simultaneously on many blocks, which allowed for better productivity.

|-|Cutting Technique=
Workers would draw a large grid directly on the stone's surface, taking care to leave a space between the blocks. This allowed them to isolate the different blocks and create a trench that would make the extraction easier.

Stone workers used iron chisels for hard rock, and bronze or copper tools for softer rocks such as limestone.

Removing material between each block created a trench line. In some quarries, that trench was wide enough to accommodate a worker, who would then cut the block entirely on site.

For harder rocks like granite, workers cut a series of holes and hammered wooden wedges into them. They then soaked the wood until it swelled and caused the rock to split.

|-|Accessing Finer Limestone=
The gallery extraction technique was used when the desired rock was buried under layers of rubble.

This method was often necessary in order to find the whiter and finer limestone required for a smoother finish.

The first step was for the stone workers to create an access pit that would allow them to reach the desired wall of stone. Once a wall of quality stone was exposed, workers could then cut out smaller blocks.

This pit required a descending platform. Designed like a stairway, it allowed them to free multiple galleries of blocks.

|-|Splitting Technique=
To cut the stone, they created a longitudinal kerf, or slit, and then cut the rock at a 90-degree angle.

The lower side was determined along the geological layers or by using a horizontal cut.

Wooden wedges were inserted in the rock and hammered in. Shock waves were then generated using hammers, fracturing the blocks at the seam.

</tabber>
<tabber>
|-|Support Sections=
To maintain the stability of these mining pits over the course of quarrying, workers would leave support sections of unexcavated rock.

|-|The Worker's Shrine=
In every quarry, dedicated shrines were established to offer protection for the workers.

In particular, [[Serqet|Serket]], the scorpion goddess, was considered a very powerful deity among quarry workers.

Every mine and quarry of ancient Egypt included a scorpion charmer, who was said to use magical powers to ward off the dangerous insects and keep the workers safe.

</tabber>
[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]