Tours: Ancient Egyptian Cultivation - Revision history

imported>Lady Kyashira at 11:32, 13 January 2023

2023-01-13T11:32:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 13 January 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Imageneed}}~~
	'''Learn about the ancient [[Egypt\|Egyptian]] agricultural techniques.'''		'''Learn about the ancient [[Egypt\|Egyptian]] agricultural techniques.'''

imported>Lady Kyashira at 11:32, 13 January 2023

2023-01-13T11:32:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 13 January 2023
Line 4:		Line 4:
	<tabber>		<tabber>
	\|-\|Irrigation & Shadoof=		\|-\|Irrigation & Shadoof=
			[[File:DTAE - Relief of irrigation.png\|thumb\|250px\|Irrigation using a shaduf / 19th Dynasty]]
	The new grain types of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty\|Ptolemaic period]] required a great deal of water. Farmers needed to ensure they had effective, consistent irrigation. The [[Nile]]'s rising and receding waters naturally irrigated most of the crops. Areas where the Nile didn't reach, such as gardens and vegetable plots, required an irrigation tool known as the shadoof.		The new grain types of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty\|Ptolemaic period]] required a great deal of water. Farmers needed to ensure they had effective, consistent irrigation. The [[Nile]]'s rising and receding waters naturally irrigated most of the crops. Areas where the Nile didn't reach, such as gardens and vegetable plots, required an irrigation tool known as the shadoof.

Line 9:		Line 10:

	\|-\|Bringing Water to the Fields=		\|-\|Bringing Water to the Fields=
			[[File:DTAE - 20th century photo of Abydos.png\|thumb\|250px\|Abydos, Sakieh / 20th Century]]
	Later a sakia, or water wheel, was invented. The sakia needed animals to turn the wheel, which rotated buckets through the water.		Later a sakia, or water wheel, was invented. The sakia needed animals to turn the wheel, which rotated buckets through the water.

Line 16:		Line 18:

	\|-\|Threshing & Winnowing=		\|-\|Threshing & Winnowing=
			[[File:DTAE - Relief scene of harvesting, treshing and winnowing.png\|thumb\|250px\|Harvesting, Treshing and winnowing. Tomb of Paheri / 2012]]
	The threshing process separated the grain from its husk.		The threshing process separated the grain from its husk.

Line 23:		Line 26:

	\|-\|Recycling Chaff=		\|-\|Recycling Chaff=
			[[File:DTAE - Brick Mold.png\|thumb\|250px\|Brick mold / New Kingdom]]
	Winnowing was the stage where workers used wooden scoops to throw ears in the air. The wind carried off the chaff, leaving the heavier seeds to fall to the ground.		Winnowing was the stage where workers used wooden scoops to throw ears in the air. The wind carried off the chaff, leaving the heavier seeds to fall to the ground.

Line 32:		Line 36:

	\|-\|Transport=		\|-\|Transport=
			[[File:DTAE - Mural scene of grain loading.png\|thumb\|250px\|Mural: people loading grains on a boat]]
	Transporting large amounts of grain required ships equipped to carry heavy loads. These goods were moved during the Nile's flooding season, when the river was deep enough for large ships.		Transporting large amounts of grain required ships equipped to carry heavy loads. These goods were moved during the Nile's flooding season, when the river was deep enough for large ships.

Line 39:		Line 44:
	<tabber>		<tabber>
	\|-\|Grain Distribution=		\|-\|Grain Distribution=
			[[File:DTAE Model of granary with scribe and overseer.png\|thumb\|250px\|Model of a granary with scribe and overseer / Middle Kingdom]]
	Having reached [[Alexandria]]'s inner harbor, the wheat was unloaded under the supervision of a civil servant in charge of wheat management.		Having reached [[Alexandria]]'s inner harbor, the wheat was unloaded under the supervision of a civil servant in charge of wheat management.

Line 44:		Line 50:

	\|-\|Granaries=		\|-\|Granaries=
			[[File:DTAE - Model of granary with scribes.png\|thumb\|250px\|A model of a granary with scribes / Middle Kingdom]]
	Grain storage facilities were located across all of Egypt.		Grain storage facilities were located across all of Egypt.

Line 55:		Line 62:

	\|-\|Grain Processing=		\|-\|Grain Processing=
			[[File:DTAE - Mural scene of sifting meal.png\|thumb\|250px\|Sifting Meal, Tomb of Rekhmire / Middle Kingdom]]
	When the grain was ready for processing, it was poured into bowis and pounded into a coarse flour.		When the grain was ready for processing, it was poured into bowis and pounded into a coarse flour.

Line 62:		Line 70:

	\|-\|Sand Everywhere=		\|-\|Sand Everywhere=
			[[File:DTAE - Model seive.png\|thumb\|250px\|Model Seive from a Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Temple / New Kingdom]]
	The sieves used by Ancient Egyptians were unable to filter out sand and stones. Grit often passed into the flour, causing long-term tooth abrasions among all classes of Egyptians.		The sieves used by Ancient Egyptians were unable to filter out sand and stones. Grit often passed into the flour, causing long-term tooth abrasions among all classes of Egyptians.

	</tabber>		</tabber>
	[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]		[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]

imported>Lady Kyashira: Created page with "{{Imageneed}} '''Learn about the ancient Egyptian agricultural techniques.''' |-|Irrigation & Shadoof= The new grain types of the Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptole..."

2021-07-11T13:14:03Z

Created page with "{{Imageneed}} '''Learn about the ancient Egyptian agricultural techniques.''' <tabber> |-|Irrigation & Shadoof= The new grain types of the Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptole..."

Páàjì titun

{{Imageneed}}
'''Learn about the ancient [[Egypt|Egyptian]] agricultural techniques.'''

<tabber>
|-|Irrigation & Shadoof=
The new grain types of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic period]] required a great deal of water. Farmers needed to ensure they had effective, consistent irrigation. The [[Nile]]'s rising and receding waters naturally irrigated most of the crops. Areas where the Nile didn't reach, such as gardens and vegetable plots, required an irrigation tool known as the shadoof.

The shadoof allowed easy transport of water from its source. It consisted of a tall wooden frame with a long pivoting pole and suspended bucket. The system could be raised and lowered with little effort.

|-|Bringing Water to the Fields=
Later a sakia, or water wheel, was invented. The sakia needed animals to turn the wheel, which rotated buckets through the water.

It drew the water to an elevation of 3.5 meters, and enabled a great deal of control over the irrigation process.

This improvement supplied larger areas and thus resulted in larger harvests.

|-|Threshing & Winnowing=
The threshing process separated the grain from its husk.

Workers would spread the ears on clean ground. Oxen, cows or donkeys were then guided back and forth to trample the grain. This continuous movement worked the grain loose while preventing the animals from eating it.

Unwanted chaff and straw were swept away, or gathered and added to the mud used to make bricks, to make them stronger.

|-|Recycling Chaff=
Winnowing was the stage where workers used wooden scoops to throw ears in the air. The wind carried off the chaff, leaving the heavier seeds to fall to the ground.

This action was repeated until the undesired materials were sifted out.

Grain waste was mixed with manure or other organic substances to produce brick-shaped dung toaves that could be easily burned.

A standardized brick size enabled Egyptians to mass produce this byproduct, and use it as a commodity.

|-|Transport=
Transporting large amounts of grain required ships equipped to carry heavy loads. These goods were moved during the Nile's flooding season, when the river was deep enough for large ships.

The transports stopped at checkpoints to accommodate customs and police controls, as well as for technical requirements and weather conditions.

</tabber>
<tabber>
|-|Grain Distribution=
Having reached [[Alexandria]]'s inner harbor, the wheat was unloaded under the supervision of a civil servant in charge of wheat management.

Portions were distributed to Alexandria's city market, and the remaining stockpile was either exported or stored in warehouses.

|-|Granaries=
Grain storage facilities were located across all of Egypt.

Temples and institutions had large silos, while individual houses had storage sheds.

In some houses, arched cellars were built into the foundations. These watertight chambers were accessible from the ground floor, through a trapdoor.

Royal granaries acted as the storehouse and distribution centers, and managed state payments to civil servants, soldiers and the police.

Though plastered on the inside, silos weren't completely sealed and so remained susceptible to mice infestations.

|-|Grain Processing=
When the grain was ready for processing, it was poured into bowis and pounded into a coarse flour.

That flour was then passed through a sieve to make it a finer quality, and further ground between stones.

Ancient Egyptians did not stock flour. Instead, fresh grain was portioned out each time to produce flour as it was needed.

|-|Sand Everywhere=
The sieves used by Ancient Egyptians were unable to filter out sand and stones. Grit often passed into the flour, causing long-term tooth abrasions among all classes of Egyptians.

</tabber>
[[Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]