Middle Ages - Revision history

Soranin: Text replacement - "Basim Ibn Ishaq" to "Basim ibn Ishaq"

2026-05-24T23:05:43Z

Text replacement - "Basim Ibn Ishaq" to "Basim ibn Ishaq"

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 25 May 2026
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	[[File:AC Twelve Trials Valhalla Q10 Ravensthorpe.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Ravensthorpe]]		[[File:AC Twelve Trials Valhalla Q10 Ravensthorpe.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Ravensthorpe]]
	Following the [[Unification of Norway\|unification]] of [[Norway]] under King [[Harald Fairhair]], the [[Raven Clan]], a group of Vikings, refused to swear fealty to the new king and departed their homeland.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Seas of Fate]]</ref> Like many before them, they set their sights on colonizing England and established a new home that would come to be named [[Ravensthorpe]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Settling Down]]</ref> The settlement was also part of a larger plan by [[Basim ~~Ibn~~ Ishaq]] and [[Hytham]] to re-establish the Hidden Ones in England, who had been completely absent from the island since the Roman Empire's departure in 430 CE.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[To Serve the Light...]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref>		Following the [[Unification of Norway\|unification]] of [[Norway]] under King [[Harald Fairhair]], the [[Raven Clan]], a group of Vikings, refused to swear fealty to the new king and departed their homeland.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Seas of Fate]]</ref> Like many before them, they set their sights on colonizing England and established a new home that would come to be named [[Ravensthorpe]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Settling Down]]</ref> The settlement was also part of a larger plan by [[Basim ibn Ishaq]] and [[Hytham]] to re-establish the Hidden Ones in England, who had been completely absent from the island since the Roman Empire's departure in 430 CE.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[To Serve the Light...]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref>

	The Raven Clan was soon caught in the [[Assassin-Templar War\|ancient conflict]] between the Hidden Ones and their mortal enemies, the Order of the Ancients. The clan's [[shieldmaiden]] [[Eivor Varinsdottir]] became an ally of the Hidden Ones and unwittingly helped King [[Alfred the Great\|Alfred]] of [[Wessex]] purge the last vestiges of the Order from England,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Breaking the Order]]</ref> allowing him to reform it into the Knights Templar, otherwise known as the [[Templars\|Templar Order]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier"/>		The Raven Clan was soon caught in the [[Assassin-Templar War\|ancient conflict]] between the Hidden Ones and their mortal enemies, the Order of the Ancients. The clan's [[shieldmaiden]] [[Eivor Varinsdottir]] became an ally of the Hidden Ones and unwittingly helped King [[Alfred the Great\|Alfred]] of [[Wessex]] purge the last vestiges of the Order from England,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Breaking the Order]]</ref> allowing him to reform it into the Knights Templar, otherwise known as the [[Templars\|Templar Order]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier"/>

Soranin at 23:51, 11 May 2026

2026-05-11T23:51:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 12 May 2026
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	Following the [[Unification of Norway\|unification]] of [[Norway]] under King [[Harald Fairhair]], the [[Raven Clan]], a group of Vikings, refused to swear fealty to the new king and departed their homeland.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Seas of Fate]]</ref> Like many before them, they set their sights on colonizing England and established a new home that would come to be named [[Ravensthorpe]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Settling Down]]</ref> The settlement was also part of a larger plan by [[Basim Ibn Ishaq]] and [[Hytham]] to re-establish the Hidden Ones in England, who had been completely absent from the island since the Roman Empire's departure in 430 CE.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[To Serve the Light...]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref>		Following the [[Unification of Norway\|unification]] of [[Norway]] under King [[Harald Fairhair]], the [[Raven Clan]], a group of Vikings, refused to swear fealty to the new king and departed their homeland.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Seas of Fate]]</ref> Like many before them, they set their sights on colonizing England and established a new home that would come to be named [[Ravensthorpe]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Settling Down]]</ref> The settlement was also part of a larger plan by [[Basim Ibn Ishaq]] and [[Hytham]] to re-establish the Hidden Ones in England, who had been completely absent from the island since the Roman Empire's departure in 430 CE.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[To Serve the Light...]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref>

	The Raven Clan ~~would become~~ caught in an [[Assassin-Templar War\|ancient conflict]] between the Hidden Ones and their mortal enemies, the Order of the Ancients. The clan's [[shieldmaiden]] [[Eivor Varinsdottir]] became an ally of the Hidden Ones and unwittingly helped King [[Alfred the Great\|Alfred]] of [[Wessex]] ~~eliminate~~ the last vestiges of the Order in England,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Breaking the Order]]</ref> allowing him to reform it into the Knights Templar, otherwise known as the [[Templars\|Templar Order]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier"/>		The Raven Clan was soon caught in the [[Assassin-Templar War\|ancient conflict]] between the Hidden Ones and their mortal enemies, the Order of the Ancients. The clan's [[shieldmaiden]] [[Eivor Varinsdottir]] became an ally of the Hidden Ones and unwittingly helped King [[Alfred the Great\|Alfred]] of [[Wessex]] purge the last vestiges of the Order from England,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Breaking the Order]]</ref> allowing him to reform it into the Knights Templar, otherwise known as the [[Templars\|Templar Order]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier"/>

	Aside from the Lothbrok family, Guthrum, and the Raven Clan, other notable participants in the Viking invasion of England included [[Geirmund Hel-hide]], the son of [[Hjorr Halfsson]] and [[Ljufvina Bjarmarsdottir]],<ref name="Geirmund's Saga" /> and the Stensson brothers, [[Ulf Stensson\|Ulf]] and [[Björn Stensson\|Björn]].<ref name="Departure"/> Eventually, the Vikings would be confined to the northernmost regions of England when Alfred returned from his exile after the [[Battle of Chippenham\|Battle of Cippanhamm]] and mustered an army to defeat Guthrum at the [[Battle of Edington]]. Alfred's actions laid the foundation for what became the Kingdom of England, founded by his grandson [[Æthelstan]] in 927.<ref name="EoV">''[[Echoes of History\|Echoes of History: Vikings]]'' – Episode 5: The Dawn of a New Era</ref>		Aside from the Lothbrok family, Guthrum, and the Raven Clan, other notable participants in the Viking invasion of England included [[Geirmund Hel-hide]], the son of [[Hjorr Halfsson]] and [[Ljufvina Bjarmarsdottir]],<ref name="Geirmund's Saga" /> and the Stensson brothers, [[Ulf Stensson\|Ulf]] and [[Björn Stensson\|Björn]].<ref name="Departure"/> Eventually, the Vikings would be confined to the northernmost regions of England when Alfred returned from his exile after the [[Battle of Chippenham\|Battle of Cippanhamm]] and mustered an army to defeat Guthrum at the [[Battle of Edington]]. Alfred's actions laid the foundation for what became the Kingdom of England, founded by his grandson [[Æthelstan]] in 927.<ref name="EoV">''[[Echoes of History\|Echoes of History: Vikings]]'' – Episode 5: The Dawn of a New Era</ref>
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Scroll box\|content={{Reflist\|2}}}}		{{Scroll box\|content={{Reflist}}}}
	{{Timeline}}		{{Timeline}}
	<!--[[zh:中世纪]]-->		<!--[zh:中世纪]-->
	[[Category:Timeline]]		[[Category:Timeline]]
	[[Category:Europe]]		[[Category:Europe]]

Soranin at 14:02, 6 May 2026

2026-05-06T14:02:02Z

Show changes

imported>Gener4l Cl4ank4 at 00:09, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T00:09:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 19 August 2025
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	In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>		In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>

	In Western Europe, [[Charlemagne]] helped consolidate and expand the [[Franks]] to much of [[France]], [[Belgium]], western [[Germany]] and northern [[Italy]]. He was then crowned "Roman Emperor" by Pope [[Leo III]] on {{wiki\|Christmas Eve}} in 800. Charlemagne would create the [[Carolingian Empire]], the director precursor to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Poor Fellow-Soldier]]</ref>		In Western Europe, [[Charlemagne]] helped consolidate and expand the [[Franks]] to much of [[France]], [[Belgium]], western [[Germany]], and northern [[Italy]]. He was then crowned "Roman Emperor" by Pope [[Leo III]] on {{wiki\|Christmas Eve}} in 800. Charlemagne would create the [[Carolingian Empire]], the director precursor to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Poor Fellow-Soldier]]</ref>

	[[File:ACV SoP Tapestry of Charlemagne's crowing.png\|thumb\|250px\|Tapestry depicting Charlemagne]]		[[File:ACV SoP Tapestry of Charlemagne's crowing.png\|thumb\|250px\|Tapestry depicting Charlemagne]]
	Unbeknownst to his subjects, Charlemagne was also a leader in the Order of the Ancients in spite of his strong [[Christianity\|Christian]] beliefs. In 803, an Anglo-Saxon scholar known as [[Alcuin]] had discovered that the Order had infiltrated the church, intent on corrupting its beliefs. One year after the investigation, he wrote a letter to Charlemagne urging him to steer clear from the Order, unaware that he was a member of the organization. A week later, he died under mysterious circumstances.<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier" />		Unbeknownst to his subjects, Charlemagne was also a leader of the Order of the Ancients in spite of his strong [[Christianity\|Christian]] beliefs. In 803, an Anglo-Saxon scholar known as [[Alcuin]] had discovered that the Order had infiltrated the church, intent on corrupting its beliefs. One year after the investigation, he wrote a letter to Charlemagne urging him to steer clear from the Order, unaware that he was a member of the organization. A week later, Alcuin died under mysterious circumstances.<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier" />

	Over fifty years after the Lindisfarne raid, the [[Vikings]] would sail down the [[Seine]] to [[Siege of Paris (845)\|besiege]] the Carolingian capital of [[Paris]] in one of their most ambitious raids yet. [[Ragnar Lothbrok]], a young Viking leader from [[Sweden]], led a force of 4,000 men to plunder and occupy the city before departing after Frankish king [[Charles the Bald]] paid a ransom of 7,000 livres of [[silver]] and [[gold]]. Twenty years later, Ragnar landed in [[Northumbria]] and attempted to outdo his [[Sons of Ragnar\|sons]] by planning to conquer the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, using only two ships. However, he was captured by [[ealdorman]] [[Ælla of Northumbria\|Ælla]] and put to death by being thrown into a pit of snakes.<ref>''[[Echoes of History]]: Vikings'' – Episode 2: Dragon of the Seas</ref><ref name="LostDrengir">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Lost Drengir of Ragnar Lothbrok]]</ref>		Over fifty years after the Lindisfarne raid, the [[Vikings]] would sail down the [[Seine]] to [[Siege of Paris (845)\|besiege]] the Carolingian capital of [[Paris]] in one of their most ambitious raids yet. [[Ragnar Lothbrok]], a young Viking leader from [[Sweden]], led a force of 4,000 men to plunder and occupy the city before departing after Frankish king [[Charles the Bald]] paid a ransom of 7,000 livres of [[silver]] and [[gold]]. Twenty years later, Ragnar landed in [[Northumbria]] and attempted to outdo his [[Sons of Ragnar\|sons]] by planning to conquer the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, using only two ships. However, he was captured by [[ealdorman]] [[Ælla of Northumbria\|Ælla]] and put to death by being thrown into a pit of snakes.<ref>''[[Echoes of History]]: Vikings'' – Episode 2: Dragon of the Seas</ref><ref name="LostDrengir">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Lost Drengir of Ragnar Lothbrok]]</ref>

imported>Gener4l Cl4ank4 at 00:07, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T00:07:47Z

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imported>Darman36: /* Appearances */

2025-03-21T16:04:26Z

Appearances

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 21 March 2025
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	*''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Daughter of No One]]''		*''[[Assassin's Creed: Mirage – Daughter of No One]]''
	*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]'' {{Mdat}}		*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]'' {{Mdat}}
			*''[[Assassin's Creed: Shadows]]'' {{Mdat}}

	==References==		==References==

imported>Darman36: /* Early Middle Ages */

2025-03-02T17:22:03Z

Early Middle Ages

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:22, 2 March 2025
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	[[File:ACMir Baghdad Overview.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age]]		[[File:ACMir Baghdad Overview.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age]]
	In [[Arabia]], a man by the name of [[Muhammad]] created a new religion known as [[Islam]]. Soon, this new faith quickly spread across the [[Middle East]] and [[Africa\|North Africa]], even reaching as far as [[Spain]] through the rapid expansion of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] after the death of Muhammad in 632. The Umayyads were stopped from expanding into Europe any further by {{wiki\|Charles Martel}} of [[Francia]] in the {{wiki\|Battle of Tours}}. Eventually, they were overthrown by the [[Abbasid Caliphate\|Abbasids]] led by [[~~Abul Abbas As~~-Saffah]] in 750, though one surviving prince [[Abd al-Rahman I]] fled to Muslim-controlled Spain to establish the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].		In [[Arabia]], a man by the name of [[Muhammad]] created a new religion known as [[Islam]]. Soon, this new faith quickly spread across the [[Middle East]] and [[Africa\|North Africa]], even reaching as far as [[Spain]] through the rapid expansion of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] after the death of Muhammad in 632. The Umayyads were stopped from expanding into Europe any further by {{wiki\|Charles Martel}} of [[Francia]] in the {{wiki\|Battle of Tours}}. Eventually, they were overthrown by the [[Abbasid Caliphate\|Abbasids]] led by [[al-Saffah]] in 750, though one surviving prince [[Abd al-Rahman I]] fled to Muslim-controlled Spain to establish the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].

	In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>		In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>

imported>Soranin: /* Early Middle Ages */

2025-02-23T14:05:11Z

Early Middle Ages

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 23 February 2025
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	In 1001, the people of [[Rome]] revolted against Pope [[Sylvester II]], a leader in the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order\|Roman Rite]] of the [[Templars]], who was branded a heretic for his support and promotion of science.<ref name="Encyclopedia">''[[Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia]]''</ref>		In 1001, the people of [[Rome]] revolted against Pope [[Sylvester II]], a leader in the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order\|Roman Rite]] of the [[Templars]], who was branded a heretic for his support and promotion of science.<ref name="Encyclopedia">''[[Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia]]''</ref>

	In 1054, [[Papacy\|Pope]] {{wiki\|Pope Leo IX\|Leo IX}} and {{wiki\|Patriarch Michael I}} of the Byzantine Empire excommunicated each other, because of disputes over the usage of unleavened bread in the liturgy and fasting days, papal authority over all of Christendom, the procession of the Holy Spirit and disagreements over the teachings of [[Jesus of Nazareth\|Jesus Christ]]. This split within Christianity was known as the {{wiki\|~~East-West~~ Schism}} and it directly led to the creation of the Eastern Orthodox Church.		In 1054, [[Papacy\|Pope]] {{wiki\|Pope Leo IX\|Leo IX}} and {{wiki\|Patriarch Michael I}} of the Byzantine Empire excommunicated each other, because of disputes over the usage of unleavened bread in the liturgy and fasting days, papal authority over all of Christendom, the procession of the Holy Spirit and disagreements over the teachings of [[Jesus of Nazareth\|Jesus Christ]]. This split within Christianity was known as the {{wiki\|East–West Schism}} and it directly led to the creation of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

	In 1060, [[Edward the Confessor]] died without a male heir. Soon, a power struggle for the throne of England ensued between Rollo's descendant [[William the Conqueror]] and the Anglo-Saxon king {{wiki\|Harold Godwinson}}. William eventually made an alliance with Norwegian king [[Harald Hardrada]] to invade England and overthrow Goodwinson. The invasion eventually culminated in 1066 with the decisive {{wiki\|Battle of Hastings}} where William crushed Goodwinson's forces. Because Harald had died in the {{wiki\|Battle of Stamford Bridge}}, William became the first Norman king of England.<ref name="EoV">''Echoes of History: Vikings'' – Episode 5: The Dawn of a New Era</ref> It was also marked the end of the Early Middle Ages and the Viking Age with the rapid spread of Christianity and the gradual decline of paganism throughout much of Europe.		In 1060, [[Edward the Confessor]] died without a male heir. Soon, a power struggle for the throne of England ensued between Rollo's descendant [[William the Conqueror]] and the Anglo-Saxon king {{wiki\|Harold Godwinson}}. William eventually made an alliance with Norwegian king [[Harald Hardrada]] to invade England and overthrow Goodwinson. The invasion eventually culminated in 1066 with the decisive {{wiki\|Battle of Hastings}} where William crushed Goodwinson's forces. Because Harald had died in the {{wiki\|Battle of Stamford Bridge}}, William became the first Norman king of England.<ref name="EoV">''Echoes of History: Vikings'' – Episode 5: The Dawn of a New Era</ref> It was also marked the end of the Early Middle Ages and the Viking Age with the rapid spread of Christianity and the gradual decline of paganism throughout much of Europe.

imported>Darman36: Using "Age of Discovery" feels very Eurocentric and (I think?) implies "Discovery doctrine", when we already know the lands were occupied.

2025-01-05T01:26:02Z

Using "Age of Discovery" feels very Eurocentric and (I think?) implies "Discovery doctrine", when we already know the lands were occupied.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:26, 5 January 2025
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	{{Update\|''[[Discovery Tour: Viking Age]]''}}		{{Update\|''[[Discovery Tour: Viking Age]]''}}
	{{Imageneed}}		{{Imageneed}}
	The '''Middle Ages''', also known as the '''medieval period''', was a period in [[Europe\|European]] history which lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, beginning with the {{Wiki\|Fall of the Western Roman Empire\|fall}} of the [[Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]] before transitioning into the [[Renaissance]] and the [[Age of Discovery]].		The '''Middle Ages''', also known as the '''medieval period''', was a period in [[Europe\|European]] history which lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, beginning with the {{Wiki\|Fall of the Western Roman Empire\|fall}} of the [[Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]] before transitioning into the [[Renaissance]] and the [[Age of Discovery\|Age of Sail]].

	==History==		==History==
	===Early Middle Ages===		===Early Middle Ages===
	[[File:ACV Statue of Saint Helen.png\|thumb\|250px\|Aftermath of the collapse of the [[Roman Empire]]]]		[[File:ACV Statue of Saint Helen.png\|thumb\|250px\|Aftermath of the collapse of the Roman Empire]]
	The early Medieval period saw the large scale migration of the {{Wiki\|Germanic peoples}} into northern and mainland Europe, occupying territories owned by the Roman Empire and forming various new kingdoms including [[Francia]]. In Northern Europe, the Germanic {{Wiki\|Angles}}, {{Wiki\|Saxons}}, and {{Wiki\|Jutes}} migrated to [[Great Britain]], forming the bulk and foundation of what eventually became the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England\|England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]].<ref name="ACV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]''</ref>		The early Medieval period, sometimes referred to as the "'''{{Wiki\|Dark Ages (historiography)\|Dark Ages}}'''", saw the large scale migration of the {{Wiki\|Germanic peoples}} into northern and mainland Europe, occupying territories owned by the Roman Empire and forming various new kingdoms including [[Francia]]. In Northern Europe, the Germanic {{Wiki\|Angles}}, {{Wiki\|Saxons}}, and {{Wiki\|Jutes}} migrated to [[Great Britain]], forming the bulk and foundation of what eventually became the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England\|England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]].<ref name="ACV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]''</ref>

	Amidst the rapid displacement of the native {{wiki\|Romano-British}} population, a young ~~man known as~~ [[Arthur Pendragon]] emerged as ~~the~~ leader ~~of the Britons~~ after he pulled [[Excalibur]] from the stone which proved that he was the true king of England.<ref name="Glyph">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs#5\|Glyph 5: "Instruments of Power"]]</ref> Furthermore, Arthur was a member of an [[Isu]] religious cabal known as the [[Order of the Ancients]], who would aid him in uniting England against the invading [[Anglo-Saxons]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]''</ref> At one point, he had placed his sword beneath an [[Isu Barracks\|Isu structure]] beneath [[Stonehenge]] with an accompanying note hoping that whoever found Excalibur, it would serve them well.<ref name="ACV"/> Sadly for Arthur, he would grow disillusioned with the Order and he was eventually betrayed by his wife, best friend and son at the {{wiki\|Battle of Camlann}}.<ref name="ACH">''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]'' – Epilogue</ref> Eventually, Arthur's efforts to preserve ~~the~~ Roman and Celtic ~~culture of England~~ proved all for naught as the Anglo-Saxons quickly took control and established the [[Heptarchy]], a collection of seven kingdoms that existed throughout all of England and Wales.		Amidst the rapid displacement of the native {{wiki\|Romano-British}} population, a young [[Britons\|Briton]] named [[Arthur Pendragon]] emerged as a leader after he pulled [[Excalibur]] from the stone which proved that he was the true king of England.<ref name="Glyph">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs#5\|Glyph 5: "Instruments of Power"]]</ref> Furthermore, Arthur was a member of an [[Isu]] religious cabal known as the [[Order of the Ancients]], who would aid him in uniting England against the invading [[Anglo-Saxons]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]''</ref> At one point, he had placed his sword beneath an [[Isu Barracks\|Isu structure]] beneath [[Stonehenge]] with an accompanying note hoping that whoever found Excalibur, it would serve them well.<ref name="ACV"/> Sadly for Arthur, he would grow disillusioned with the Order and he was eventually betrayed by his wife [[Guinevere]], best friend [[Lancelot]], and illegitimate son [[Mordred]] at the {{wiki\|Battle of Camlann}}.<ref name="ACH">''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]'' – Epilogue</ref> Eventually, Arthur's efforts to preserve England's Roman and Celtic cultures proved all for naught as the Anglo-Saxons quickly took control and established the [[Heptarchy]], a collection of seven kingdoms that existed throughout all of England and Wales.

	The period also saw a period of cultural resurgence in the [[Byzantine Empire]] under the reign of [[Justinian I]] from the reconquest of [[Italy]] and other lands west by [[Belisarius]] to the reconstruction of the [[Hagia Sophia]] and the codification of Western law between 527 and 541 CE.<ref name="ACB">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Porta Pinciana]]</ref> The "{{wiki\|plague of Justinian}}" killed 40% of the population and eventually put an end to Byzantine aspirations of recreating the old Roman Empire after the death of Justinian I in 565.		The period also saw a period of cultural resurgence in the [[Byzantine Empire]] under the reign of [[Justinian I]] from the reconquest of [[Italy]] and other lands west by [[Belisarius]] to the reconstruction of the [[Hagia Sophia]] and the codification of Western law between 527 and 541 CE.<ref name="ACB">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Porta Pinciana]]</ref> The "{{wiki\|plague of Justinian}}" killed 40% of the population and eventually put an end to Byzantine aspirations of recreating the old Roman Empire after the death of Justinian I in 565.

imported>Gener4l Cl4ank4 at 21:37, 5 June 2024

2024-06-05T21:37:03Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 25 May 2026
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	[[File:AC Twelve Trials Valhalla Q10 Ravensthorpe.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Ravensthorpe]]		[[File:AC Twelve Trials Valhalla Q10 Ravensthorpe.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Ravensthorpe]]
	Following the [[Unification of Norway\|unification]] of [[Norway]] under King [[Harald Fairhair]], the [[Raven Clan]], a group of Vikings, refused to swear fealty to the new king and departed their homeland.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Seas of Fate]]</ref> Like many before them, they set their sights on colonizing England and established a new home that would come to be named [[Ravensthorpe]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Settling Down]]</ref> The settlement was also part of a larger plan by [[Basim ~~Ibn~~ Ishaq]] and [[Hytham]] to re-establish the Hidden Ones in England, who had been completely absent from the island since the Roman Empire's departure in 430 CE.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[To Serve the Light...]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref>		Following the [[Unification of Norway\|unification]] of [[Norway]] under King [[Harald Fairhair]], the [[Raven Clan]], a group of Vikings, refused to swear fealty to the new king and departed their homeland.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Seas of Fate]]</ref> Like many before them, they set their sights on colonizing England and established a new home that would come to be named [[Ravensthorpe]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Settling Down]]</ref> The settlement was also part of a larger plan by [[Basim ibn Ishaq]] and [[Hytham]] to re-establish the Hidden Ones in England, who had been completely absent from the island since the Roman Empire's departure in 430 CE.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[To Serve the Light...]]</ref><ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[A Brief History of the Hidden Ones]]</ref>

	The Raven Clan was soon caught in the [[Assassin-Templar War\|ancient conflict]] between the Hidden Ones and their mortal enemies, the Order of the Ancients. The clan's [[shieldmaiden]] [[Eivor Varinsdottir]] became an ally of the Hidden Ones and unwittingly helped King [[Alfred the Great\|Alfred]] of [[Wessex]] purge the last vestiges of the Order from England,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Breaking the Order]]</ref> allowing him to reform it into the Knights Templar, otherwise known as the [[Templars\|Templar Order]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier"/>		The Raven Clan was soon caught in the [[Assassin-Templar War\|ancient conflict]] between the Hidden Ones and their mortal enemies, the Order of the Ancients. The clan's [[shieldmaiden]] [[Eivor Varinsdottir]] became an ally of the Hidden Ones and unwittingly helped King [[Alfred the Great\|Alfred]] of [[Wessex]] purge the last vestiges of the Order from England,<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[Breaking the Order]]</ref> allowing him to reform it into the Knights Templar, otherwise known as the [[Templars\|Templar Order]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier"/>

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	In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>		In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>

	In Western Europe, [[Charlemagne]] helped consolidate and expand the [[Franks]] to much of [[France]], [[Belgium]], western [[Germany]] and northern [[Italy]]. He was then crowned "Roman Emperor" by Pope [[Leo III]] on {{wiki\|Christmas Eve}} in 800. Charlemagne would create the [[Carolingian Empire]], the director precursor to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Poor Fellow-Soldier]]</ref>		In Western Europe, [[Charlemagne]] helped consolidate and expand the [[Franks]] to much of [[France]], [[Belgium]], western [[Germany]], and northern [[Italy]]. He was then crowned "Roman Emperor" by Pope [[Leo III]] on {{wiki\|Christmas Eve}} in 800. Charlemagne would create the [[Carolingian Empire]], the director precursor to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Poor Fellow-Soldier]]</ref>

	[[File:ACV SoP Tapestry of Charlemagne's crowing.png\|thumb\|250px\|Tapestry depicting Charlemagne]]		[[File:ACV SoP Tapestry of Charlemagne's crowing.png\|thumb\|250px\|Tapestry depicting Charlemagne]]
	Unbeknownst to his subjects, Charlemagne was also a leader in the Order of the Ancients in spite of his strong [[Christianity\|Christian]] beliefs. In 803, an Anglo-Saxon scholar known as [[Alcuin]] had discovered that the Order had infiltrated the church, intent on corrupting its beliefs. One year after the investigation, he wrote a letter to Charlemagne urging him to steer clear from the Order, unaware that he was a member of the organization. A week later, he died under mysterious circumstances.<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier" />		Unbeknownst to his subjects, Charlemagne was also a leader of the Order of the Ancients in spite of his strong [[Christianity\|Christian]] beliefs. In 803, an Anglo-Saxon scholar known as [[Alcuin]] had discovered that the Order had infiltrated the church, intent on corrupting its beliefs. One year after the investigation, he wrote a letter to Charlemagne urging him to steer clear from the Order, unaware that he was a member of the organization. A week later, Alcuin died under mysterious circumstances.<ref name="Poor Fellow-Soldier" />

	Over fifty years after the Lindisfarne raid, the [[Vikings]] would sail down the [[Seine]] to [[Siege of Paris (845)\|besiege]] the Carolingian capital of [[Paris]] in one of their most ambitious raids yet. [[Ragnar Lothbrok]], a young Viking leader from [[Sweden]], led a force of 4,000 men to plunder and occupy the city before departing after Frankish king [[Charles the Bald]] paid a ransom of 7,000 livres of [[silver]] and [[gold]]. Twenty years later, Ragnar landed in [[Northumbria]] and attempted to outdo his [[Sons of Ragnar\|sons]] by planning to conquer the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, using only two ships. However, he was captured by [[ealdorman]] [[Ælla of Northumbria\|Ælla]] and put to death by being thrown into a pit of snakes.<ref>''[[Echoes of History]]: Vikings'' – Episode 2: Dragon of the Seas</ref><ref name="LostDrengir">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Lost Drengir of Ragnar Lothbrok]]</ref>		Over fifty years after the Lindisfarne raid, the [[Vikings]] would sail down the [[Seine]] to [[Siege of Paris (845)\|besiege]] the Carolingian capital of [[Paris]] in one of their most ambitious raids yet. [[Ragnar Lothbrok]], a young Viking leader from [[Sweden]], led a force of 4,000 men to plunder and occupy the city before departing after Frankish king [[Charles the Bald]] paid a ransom of 7,000 livres of [[silver]] and [[gold]]. Twenty years later, Ragnar landed in [[Northumbria]] and attempted to outdo his [[Sons of Ragnar\|sons]] by planning to conquer the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, using only two ships. However, he was captured by [[ealdorman]] [[Ælla of Northumbria\|Ælla]] and put to death by being thrown into a pit of snakes.<ref>''[[Echoes of History]]: Vikings'' – Episode 2: Dragon of the Seas</ref><ref name="LostDrengir">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' – [[The Lost Drengir of Ragnar Lothbrok]]</ref>

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	[[File:ACMir Baghdad Overview.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age]]		[[File:ACMir Baghdad Overview.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age]]
	In [[Arabia]], a man by the name of [[Muhammad]] created a new religion known as [[Islam]]. Soon, this new faith quickly spread across the [[Middle East]] and [[Africa\|North Africa]], even reaching as far as [[Spain]] through the rapid expansion of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] after the death of Muhammad in 632. The Umayyads were stopped from expanding into Europe any further by {{wiki\|Charles Martel}} of [[Francia]] in the {{wiki\|Battle of Tours}}. Eventually, they were overthrown by the [[Abbasid Caliphate\|Abbasids]] led by [[~~Abul Abbas As~~-Saffah]] in 750, though one surviving prince [[Abd al-Rahman I]] fled to Muslim-controlled Spain to establish the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].		In [[Arabia]], a man by the name of [[Muhammad]] created a new religion known as [[Islam]]. Soon, this new faith quickly spread across the [[Middle East]] and [[Africa\|North Africa]], even reaching as far as [[Spain]] through the rapid expansion of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] after the death of Muhammad in 632. The Umayyads were stopped from expanding into Europe any further by {{wiki\|Charles Martel}} of [[Francia]] in the {{wiki\|Battle of Tours}}. Eventually, they were overthrown by the [[Abbasid Caliphate\|Abbasids]] led by [[al-Saffah]] in 750, though one surviving prince [[Abd al-Rahman I]] fled to Muslim-controlled Spain to establish the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].

	In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>		In 793, a group of [[Norsemen\|Norse]] raiders known as the [[Vikings]] led a military expedition off the coast of northeastern England. Among the participants in this expedition was the [[Viking raider\|ancestor]] of [[Juhani Otso Berg]] who fought and killed a Saxon warrior in combat. This became known as the [[Lindisfarne raid]] and it marked the beginning of the [[Viking Age]] as well as the [[Viking expansion\|subsequent expansion]] across most of [[Europe]] from the rivers of [[Russia]] to the shores of [[Ireland]] over the course of two centuries.<ref name="Lindsifarne">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]'' – [[Numbskull's personal files]]: "Otso Berg's Profile: Lindsifarne"</ref> Some would also lend their services to the [[Byzantine Empire]] as bodyguards and these Vikings would eventually become known as the [[Varangian\|Varangians]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref>

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	In 1001, the people of [[Rome]] revolted against Pope [[Sylvester II]], a leader in the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order\|Roman Rite]] of the [[Templars]], who was branded a heretic for his support and promotion of science.<ref name="Encyclopedia">''[[Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia]]''</ref>		In 1001, the people of [[Rome]] revolted against Pope [[Sylvester II]], a leader in the [[Roman Rite of the Templar Order\|Roman Rite]] of the [[Templars]], who was branded a heretic for his support and promotion of science.<ref name="Encyclopedia">''[[Assassin's Creed Encyclopedia]]''</ref>

	In 1054, [[Papacy\|Pope]] {{wiki\|Pope Leo IX\|Leo IX}} and {{wiki\|Patriarch Michael I}} of the Byzantine Empire excommunicated each other, because of disputes over the usage of unleavened bread in the liturgy and fasting days, papal authority over all of Christendom, the procession of the Holy Spirit and disagreements over the teachings of [[Jesus of Nazareth\|Jesus Christ]]. This split within Christianity was known as the {{wiki\|~~East-West~~ Schism}} and it directly led to the creation of the Eastern Orthodox Church.		In 1054, [[Papacy\|Pope]] {{wiki\|Pope Leo IX\|Leo IX}} and {{wiki\|Patriarch Michael I}} of the Byzantine Empire excommunicated each other, because of disputes over the usage of unleavened bread in the liturgy and fasting days, papal authority over all of Christendom, the procession of the Holy Spirit and disagreements over the teachings of [[Jesus of Nazareth\|Jesus Christ]]. This split within Christianity was known as the {{wiki\|East–West Schism}} and it directly led to the creation of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

	In 1060, [[Edward the Confessor]] died without a male heir. Soon, a power struggle for the throne of England ensued between Rollo's descendant [[William the Conqueror]] and the Anglo-Saxon king {{wiki\|Harold Godwinson}}. William eventually made an alliance with Norwegian king [[Harald Hardrada]] to invade England and overthrow Goodwinson. The invasion eventually culminated in 1066 with the decisive {{wiki\|Battle of Hastings}} where William crushed Goodwinson's forces. Because Harald had died in the {{wiki\|Battle of Stamford Bridge}}, William became the first Norman king of England.<ref name="EoV">''Echoes of History: Vikings'' – Episode 5: The Dawn of a New Era</ref> It was also marked the end of the Early Middle Ages and the Viking Age with the rapid spread of Christianity and the gradual decline of paganism throughout much of Europe.		In 1060, [[Edward the Confessor]] died without a male heir. Soon, a power struggle for the throne of England ensued between Rollo's descendant [[William the Conqueror]] and the Anglo-Saxon king {{wiki\|Harold Godwinson}}. William eventually made an alliance with Norwegian king [[Harald Hardrada]] to invade England and overthrow Goodwinson. The invasion eventually culminated in 1066 with the decisive {{wiki\|Battle of Hastings}} where William crushed Goodwinson's forces. Because Harald had died in the {{wiki\|Battle of Stamford Bridge}}, William became the first Norman king of England.<ref name="EoV">''Echoes of History: Vikings'' – Episode 5: The Dawn of a New Era</ref> It was also marked the end of the Early Middle Ages and the Viking Age with the rapid spread of Christianity and the gradual decline of paganism throughout much of Europe.

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	{{Update\|''[[Discovery Tour: Viking Age]]''}}		{{Update\|''[[Discovery Tour: Viking Age]]''}}
	{{Imageneed}}		{{Imageneed}}
	The '''Middle Ages''', also known as the '''medieval period''', was a period in [[Europe\|European]] history which lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, beginning with the {{Wiki\|Fall of the Western Roman Empire\|fall}} of the [[Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]] before transitioning into the [[Renaissance]] and the [[Age of Discovery]].		The '''Middle Ages''', also known as the '''medieval period''', was a period in [[Europe\|European]] history which lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, beginning with the {{Wiki\|Fall of the Western Roman Empire\|fall}} of the [[Roman Empire\|Western Roman Empire]] before transitioning into the [[Renaissance]] and the [[Age of Discovery\|Age of Sail]].

	==History==		==History==
	===Early Middle Ages===		===Early Middle Ages===
	[[File:ACV Statue of Saint Helen.png\|thumb\|250px\|Aftermath of the collapse of the [[Roman Empire]]]]		[[File:ACV Statue of Saint Helen.png\|thumb\|250px\|Aftermath of the collapse of the Roman Empire]]
	The early Medieval period saw the large scale migration of the {{Wiki\|Germanic peoples}} into northern and mainland Europe, occupying territories owned by the Roman Empire and forming various new kingdoms including [[Francia]]. In Northern Europe, the Germanic {{Wiki\|Angles}}, {{Wiki\|Saxons}}, and {{Wiki\|Jutes}} migrated to [[Great Britain]], forming the bulk and foundation of what eventually became the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England\|England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]].<ref name="ACV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]''</ref>		The early Medieval period, sometimes referred to as the "'''{{Wiki\|Dark Ages (historiography)\|Dark Ages}}'''", saw the large scale migration of the {{Wiki\|Germanic peoples}} into northern and mainland Europe, occupying territories owned by the Roman Empire and forming various new kingdoms including [[Francia]]. In Northern Europe, the Germanic {{Wiki\|Angles}}, {{Wiki\|Saxons}}, and {{Wiki\|Jutes}} migrated to [[Great Britain]], forming the bulk and foundation of what eventually became the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England\|England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]].<ref name="ACV">''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]''</ref>

	Amidst the rapid displacement of the native {{wiki\|Romano-British}} population, a young ~~man known as~~ [[Arthur Pendragon]] emerged as ~~the~~ leader ~~of the Britons~~ after he pulled [[Excalibur]] from the stone which proved that he was the true king of England.<ref name="Glyph">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs#5\|Glyph 5: "Instruments of Power"]]</ref> Furthermore, Arthur was a member of an [[Isu]] religious cabal known as the [[Order of the Ancients]], who would aid him in uniting England against the invading [[Anglo-Saxons]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]''</ref> At one point, he had placed his sword beneath an [[Isu Barracks\|Isu structure]] beneath [[Stonehenge]] with an accompanying note hoping that whoever found Excalibur, it would serve them well.<ref name="ACV"/> Sadly for Arthur, he would grow disillusioned with the Order and he was eventually betrayed by his wife, best friend and son at the {{wiki\|Battle of Camlann}}.<ref name="ACH">''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]'' – Epilogue</ref> Eventually, Arthur's efforts to preserve ~~the~~ Roman and Celtic ~~culture of England~~ proved all for naught as the Anglo-Saxons quickly took control and established the [[Heptarchy]], a collection of seven kingdoms that existed throughout all of England and Wales.		Amidst the rapid displacement of the native {{wiki\|Romano-British}} population, a young [[Britons\|Briton]] named [[Arthur Pendragon]] emerged as a leader after he pulled [[Excalibur]] from the stone which proved that he was the true king of England.<ref name="Glyph">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs#5\|Glyph 5: "Instruments of Power"]]</ref> Furthermore, Arthur was a member of an [[Isu]] religious cabal known as the [[Order of the Ancients]], who would aid him in uniting England against the invading [[Anglo-Saxons]].<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]''</ref> At one point, he had placed his sword beneath an [[Isu Barracks\|Isu structure]] beneath [[Stonehenge]] with an accompanying note hoping that whoever found Excalibur, it would serve them well.<ref name="ACV"/> Sadly for Arthur, he would grow disillusioned with the Order and he was eventually betrayed by his wife [[Guinevere]], best friend [[Lancelot]], and illegitimate son [[Mordred]] at the {{wiki\|Battle of Camlann}}.<ref name="ACH">''[[Assassin's Creed: Heresy]]'' – Epilogue</ref> Eventually, Arthur's efforts to preserve England's Roman and Celtic cultures proved all for naught as the Anglo-Saxons quickly took control and established the [[Heptarchy]], a collection of seven kingdoms that existed throughout all of England and Wales.

	The period also saw a period of cultural resurgence in the [[Byzantine Empire]] under the reign of [[Justinian I]] from the reconquest of [[Italy]] and other lands west by [[Belisarius]] to the reconstruction of the [[Hagia Sophia]] and the codification of Western law between 527 and 541 CE.<ref name="ACB">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Porta Pinciana]]</ref> The "{{wiki\|plague of Justinian}}" killed 40% of the population and eventually put an end to Byzantine aspirations of recreating the old Roman Empire after the death of Justinian I in 565.		The period also saw a period of cultural resurgence in the [[Byzantine Empire]] under the reign of [[Justinian I]] from the reconquest of [[Italy]] and other lands west by [[Belisarius]] to the reconstruction of the [[Hagia Sophia]] and the codification of Western law between 527 and 541 CE.<ref name="ACB">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' – [[Database: Porta Pinciana]]</ref> The "{{wiki\|plague of Justinian}}" killed 40% of the population and eventually put an end to Byzantine aspirations of recreating the old Roman Empire after the death of Justinian I in 565.