Egyptian hieroglyphs - Revision history

Soranin: /* Decipherment */

2026-05-10T16:50:41Z

Decipherment

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 10 May 2026
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	Between the 5th century BCE and the [[Renaissance]], knowledge of hieroglyphs was entirely lost. Many experts attempted to decipher the language with little success. Some groundwork was made in discovering the grammatical structure, and in the confirmation that {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s were markers for the names of royalty. The next big breakthrough in deciphering the language came with the unearthing of the Rosetta Stone.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Lost Knowledge"</ref>		Between the 5th century BCE and the [[Renaissance]], knowledge of hieroglyphs was entirely lost. Many experts attempted to decipher the language with little success. Some groundwork was made in discovering the grammatical structure, and in the confirmation that {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s were markers for the names of royalty. The next big breakthrough in deciphering the language came with the unearthing of the Rosetta Stone.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Lost Knowledge"</ref>

	In June 1798, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] {{Wiki\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria\|invaded}} Egypt and [[Levant\|Syria]], intending to push out the [[British Empire]]'s influence and replace it with the new [[First French Republic]]. In July 1799, while the [[French Army]] camped in the port city {{Wiki\|Rosetta}} 40 km east of [[Alexandria]], the engineering [[officer]] {{Wiki\|Pierre-François Bouchard}} found the stone.<ref>{{WP\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria}}</ref> The fact that the stone was written in three different languages meant that experts could finally translate it from something else.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "The Rosetta Stone"</ref> The stone's hieroglyphic section was only fully translated more than 20 years after it [[Jean-François Champollion]] acquired a copy of the transcript.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Deciphering the Rosetta Stone"</ref> Champollion's research was compiled in an autographical manuscript ''{{Wiki~~\|fr:Grammaire égyptienne~~\|Grammaire égyptienne}}'' (lit. "Egyptian grammar"), published posthumously in France in 1836.<ref name="Complex Writing" />		In June 1798, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] {{Wiki\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria\|invaded}} Egypt and [[Levant\|Syria]], intending to push out the [[British Empire]]'s influence and replace it with the new [[First French Republic]]. In July 1799, while the [[French Army]] camped in the port city {{Wiki\|Rosetta}} 40 km east of [[Alexandria]], the engineering [[officer]] {{Wiki\|Pierre-François Bouchard}} found the stone.<ref>{{WP\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria}}</ref> The fact that the stone was written in three different languages meant that experts could finally translate it from something else.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "The Rosetta Stone"</ref> The stone's hieroglyphic section was only fully translated more than 20 years after it [[Jean-François Champollion]] acquired a copy of the transcript.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Deciphering the Rosetta Stone"</ref> Champollion's research was compiled in an autographical manuscript ''{{Wiki\|Grammaire égyptienne}}'' (lit. "Egyptian grammar"), published posthumously in France in 1836.<ref name="Complex Writing" />

	By the 19th century, more progress had been made on the language. Jean-Baptiste Bigant created multiple charts with all known hieroglyphs on it. The English scholar Sir [[Alan Gardiner]] created a list classifying the common hieroglyphic signs and their variants. His findings were later publisher in his identically-titled 1927 book ''{{Wiki\|Egyptian Grammar (book)\|Egyptian Grammar}}''.<ref name="The Number of Hieroglyphs" />		By the 19th century, more progress had been made on the language. Jean-Baptiste Bigant created multiple charts with all known hieroglyphs on it. The English scholar Sir [[Alan Gardiner]] created a list classifying the common hieroglyphic signs and their variants. His findings were later publisher in his identically-titled 1927 book ''{{Wiki\|Egyptian Grammar (book)\|Egyptian Grammar}}''.<ref name="The Number of Hieroglyphs" />

imported>Soranin: logographic appeared twice

2025-12-24T13:27:21Z

logographic appeared twice

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 24 December 2025
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	{{Era\|Culture}}{{WP-REAL}}		{{Era\|Culture}}{{WP-REAL}}
	[[File:ACO_DT_-_Jean_Francois_Champollion_hieroglyphs.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|Jean-François Champollion's hieroglyph translations recorded in ''La Grammaire égyptienne'']]		[[File:ACO_DT_-_Jean_Francois_Champollion_hieroglyphs.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|Jean-François Champollion's hieroglyph translations recorded in ''La Grammaire égyptienne'']]
	'''Egyptian hieroglyphs''' were the formal {{Wiki\|writing system}} used in ancient [[Egypt]]. Hieroglyphs simultaneously combined {{Wiki\|Logogram\|logographic}}, {{Wiki\|Syllable\|syllabic}}, {{Wiki\|alphabet~~}}ic, and {{Wiki\|logograph~~}}ic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters.<ref name="Wiki">{{WP\|Egyptian hieroglyphs}}</ref> Hieroglyphics were used as sacred writing, appearing on monuments, statues, and religious papyrus texts.<ref name="The Different Scripts">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]'' – [[Tours: Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs]]: "The Different Scripts"</ref>		'''Egyptian hieroglyphs''' were the formal {{Wiki\|writing system}} used in ancient [[Egypt]]. Hieroglyphs simultaneously combined {{Wiki\|Logogram\|logographic}}, {{Wiki\|Syllable\|syllabic}}, and {{Wiki\|alphabet}}ic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters.<ref name="Wiki">{{WP\|Egyptian hieroglyphs}}</ref> Hieroglyphics were used as sacred writing, appearing on monuments, statues, and religious papyrus texts.<ref name="The Different Scripts">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]'' – [[Tours: Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs]]: "The Different Scripts"</ref>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==

imported>Soranin: /* Decipherment */

2025-10-27T20:20:56Z

Decipherment

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:20, 27 October 2025
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	In June 1798, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] {{Wiki\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria\|invaded}} Egypt and [[Levant\|Syria]], intending to push out the [[British Empire]]'s influence and replace it with the new [[First French Republic]]. In July 1799, while the [[French Army]] camped in the port city {{Wiki\|Rosetta}} 40 km east of [[Alexandria]], the engineering [[officer]] {{Wiki\|Pierre-François Bouchard}} found the stone.<ref>{{WP\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria}}</ref> The fact that the stone was written in three different languages meant that experts could finally translate it from something else.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "The Rosetta Stone"</ref> The stone's hieroglyphic section was only fully translated more than 20 years after it [[Jean-François Champollion]] acquired a copy of the transcript.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Deciphering the Rosetta Stone"</ref> Champollion's research was compiled in an autographical manuscript ''{{Wiki\|fr:Grammaire égyptienne\|Grammaire égyptienne}}'' (lit. "Egyptian grammar"), published posthumously in France in 1836.<ref name="Complex Writing" />		In June 1798, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] {{Wiki\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria\|invaded}} Egypt and [[Levant\|Syria]], intending to push out the [[British Empire]]'s influence and replace it with the new [[First French Republic]]. In July 1799, while the [[French Army]] camped in the port city {{Wiki\|Rosetta}} 40 km east of [[Alexandria]], the engineering [[officer]] {{Wiki\|Pierre-François Bouchard}} found the stone.<ref>{{WP\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria}}</ref> The fact that the stone was written in three different languages meant that experts could finally translate it from something else.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "The Rosetta Stone"</ref> The stone's hieroglyphic section was only fully translated more than 20 years after it [[Jean-François Champollion]] acquired a copy of the transcript.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Deciphering the Rosetta Stone"</ref> Champollion's research was compiled in an autographical manuscript ''{{Wiki\|fr:Grammaire égyptienne\|Grammaire égyptienne}}'' (lit. "Egyptian grammar"), published posthumously in France in 1836.<ref name="Complex Writing" />

	By the 19th century, more progress had been made on the language. Jean-Baptiste Bigant created multiple charts with all known hieroglyphs on it. The English scholar Sir ~~{{Wiki\|~~Alan Gardiner}} created a list classifying the common hieroglyphic signs and their variants. His findings were later publisher in his identically-titled 1927 book ''{{Wiki\|Egyptian Grammar (book)\|Egyptian Grammar}}''.<ref name="The Number of Hieroglyphs" />		By the 19th century, more progress had been made on the language. Jean-Baptiste Bigant created multiple charts with all known hieroglyphs on it. The English scholar Sir [[Alan Gardiner]] created a list classifying the common hieroglyphic signs and their variants. His findings were later publisher in his identically-titled 1927 book ''{{Wiki\|Egyptian Grammar (book)\|Egyptian Grammar}}''.<ref name="The Number of Hieroglyphs" />

	==Examples==		==Examples==

imported>Darman36: /* Behind the scenes */

2025-09-25T05:29:32Z

Behind the scenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:29, 25 September 2025
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	==Behind the scenes==		==Behind the scenes==
	As the ancient Egyptian spoken language was lost to time, [[Ubisoft]] opted to use English when making the 2016 video game ''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]'' and relied the conceit that the Animus was translating the into whatever gaming system language settings the player had selected. What few spoken Egyptian sound clips that exist in ''Origins'' are based upon Gardiner's ''Egyptian Grammar''.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: "Recreating the Egyptian Language"</ref>		As the ancient Egyptian spoken language was lost to time, [[Ubisoft]] opted to use English when making the 2016 video game ''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]'' and relied the conceit that the Animus was translating the dialogue into whatever gaming system language settings the player had selected. What few spoken Egyptian sound clips that exist in ''Origins'' are based upon Gardiner's ''Egyptian Grammar''.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: "Recreating the Egyptian Language"</ref>

	The pharaohs' names as depicted with hieroglyphs in {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s varies, with developers using either the monarchs' {{Wiki\|Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)\|prenomen}}s or throne names, their {{Wiki\|Nomen (ancient Egypt)\|nomen}}s or given names, or both. Ptolemy and Tutankhamun have both names displayed, though Ptolemy's has scant archaeological record behind it to facilitate an easy and localized translation; Ramesses and Nefertiti have just their prenomens; and Cleopatra has just her nomen, as no prenomen exists for her due to how short her reign was and the fact that Egypt became a {{Wiki\|Roman Egypt\|province}} of the new [[Roman Empire]] under Octavian following her death.		The pharaohs' names as depicted with hieroglyphs in {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s varies, with developers using either the monarchs' {{Wiki\|Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)\|prenomen}}s or throne names, their {{Wiki\|Nomen (ancient Egypt)\|nomen}}s or given names, or both. Ptolemy and Tutankhamun have both names displayed, though Ptolemy's has scant archaeological record behind it to facilitate an easy and localized translation; Ramesses and Nefertiti have just their prenomens; and Cleopatra has just her nomen, as no prenomen exists for her due to how short her reign was and the fact that Egypt became a {{Wiki\|Roman Egypt\|province}} of the new [[Roman Empire]] under Octavian following her death.

imported>Darman36: /Behind the scenes/ I was in process of getting to these pic names but was changing character pgs first. Thx though

2025-09-25T05:25:36Z

Behind the scenes: I was *in process* of getting to these pic names but was changing character pgs first. Thx though

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 25 September 2025
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	==Examples==		==Examples==
	<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">		<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">
	~~ACO_Hieroglyph~~-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')		ACO Hieroglyph-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')
	~~ACO_Hieroglyph~~-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		ACO Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	~~ACO_Hieroglyph~~-~~Ptolemy~~ (~~sml~~).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>~~(?)~~		ACO Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')
	~~ACO_CotP_Hieroglyph~~-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		ACO Hieroglyph-Ptolemy.png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>{{Cite\|25 Sept 2025}}
	~~ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph~~-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')		ACO CotP Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	~~ACO_CotP_Hieroglyph~~-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		ACO CotP Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	~~ACO_Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')~~		ACO CotP Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	~~ACO_Hieroglyph~~-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')		ACO Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==Behind the scenes==		==Behind the scenes==
	As the ancient Egyptian spoken language was lost to time, [[Ubisoft]] opted to ~~just~~ use English as the ~~spoken~~ language ~~in-game~~. ~~The small amounts of~~ Egyptian that ~~are spoken~~ in~~-game~~ are based upon Gardiner's ''Egyptian Grammar''.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: "Recreating the Egyptian Language"</ref>		As the ancient Egyptian spoken language was lost to time, [[Ubisoft]] opted to use English when making the 2016 video game ''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]'' and relied the conceit that the Animus was translating the into whatever gaming system language settings the player had selected. What few spoken Egyptian sound clips that exist in ''Origins'' are based upon Gardiner's ''Egyptian Grammar''.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: "Recreating the Egyptian Language"</ref>

			The pharaohs' names as depicted with hieroglyphs in {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s varies, with developers using either the monarchs' {{Wiki\|Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)\|prenomen}}s or throne names, their {{Wiki\|Nomen (ancient Egypt)\|nomen}}s or given names, or both. Ptolemy and Tutankhamun have both names displayed, though Ptolemy's has scant archaeological record behind it to facilitate an easy and localized translation; Ramesses and Nefertiti have just their prenomens; and Cleopatra has just her nomen, as no prenomen exists for her due to how short her reign was and the fact that Egypt became a {{Wiki\|Roman Egypt\|province}} of the new [[Roman Empire]] under Octavian following her death.

	==Appearances==		==Appearances==
	*''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]''		*''[[Assassin's Creed: Origins]]'' {{1st}}
	**''[[The Hidden Ones (DLC)\|The Hidden Ones]]''		**''[[The Hidden Ones (DLC)\|The Hidden Ones]]''
	**''[[The Curse of the Pharaohs]]''		**''[[The Curse of the Pharaohs]]''
			*''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt]]

	==References==		==References==

imported>Nemo72D at 04:17, 25 September 2025

2025-09-25T04:17:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:17, 25 September 2025
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	<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">		<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">
	ACO_Hieroglyph-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		ACO_Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	~~ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph~~-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		ACO_CotP_Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	~~ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph~~-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		ACO_CotP_Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')
	</gallery>		</gallery>

imported>Nemo72D at 04:15, 25 September 2025

2025-09-25T04:15:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:15, 25 September 2025
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	Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	~~Hieroglyph~~-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')		Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')
	Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')		Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')

imported>Nemo72D at 02:04, 25 September 2025

2025-09-25T02:04:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:04, 25 September 2025
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	==Examples==		==Examples==
	<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">		<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')
	Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)

imported>Nemo72D at 02:03, 25 September 2025

2025-09-25T02:03:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:03, 25 September 2025
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	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''twt-~~ꜥnḫ~~-~~jmn~~'')		Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')		Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')

imported>Nemo72D at 02:00, 25 September 2025

2025-09-25T02:00:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:00, 25 September 2025
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	Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''~~rꜥ-ms-sw~~'')		Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn'')		Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn'')
	Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 10 May 2026
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	Between the 5th century BCE and the [[Renaissance]], knowledge of hieroglyphs was entirely lost. Many experts attempted to decipher the language with little success. Some groundwork was made in discovering the grammatical structure, and in the confirmation that {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s were markers for the names of royalty. The next big breakthrough in deciphering the language came with the unearthing of the Rosetta Stone.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Lost Knowledge"</ref>		Between the 5th century BCE and the [[Renaissance]], knowledge of hieroglyphs was entirely lost. Many experts attempted to decipher the language with little success. Some groundwork was made in discovering the grammatical structure, and in the confirmation that {{Wiki\|cartouche}}s were markers for the names of royalty. The next big breakthrough in deciphering the language came with the unearthing of the Rosetta Stone.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Lost Knowledge"</ref>

	In June 1798, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] {{Wiki\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria\|invaded}} Egypt and [[Levant\|Syria]], intending to push out the [[British Empire]]'s influence and replace it with the new [[First French Republic]]. In July 1799, while the [[French Army]] camped in the port city {{Wiki\|Rosetta}} 40 km east of [[Alexandria]], the engineering [[officer]] {{Wiki\|Pierre-François Bouchard}} found the stone.<ref>{{WP\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria}}</ref> The fact that the stone was written in three different languages meant that experts could finally translate it from something else.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "The Rosetta Stone"</ref> The stone's hieroglyphic section was only fully translated more than 20 years after it [[Jean-François Champollion]] acquired a copy of the transcript.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Deciphering the Rosetta Stone"</ref> Champollion's research was compiled in an autographical manuscript ''{{Wiki~~\|fr:Grammaire égyptienne~~\|Grammaire égyptienne}}'' (lit. "Egyptian grammar"), published posthumously in France in 1836.<ref name="Complex Writing" />		In June 1798, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] {{Wiki\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria\|invaded}} Egypt and [[Levant\|Syria]], intending to push out the [[British Empire]]'s influence and replace it with the new [[First French Republic]]. In July 1799, while the [[French Army]] camped in the port city {{Wiki\|Rosetta}} 40 km east of [[Alexandria]], the engineering [[officer]] {{Wiki\|Pierre-François Bouchard}} found the stone.<ref>{{WP\|French invasion of Egypt and Syria}}</ref> The fact that the stone was written in three different languages meant that experts could finally translate it from something else.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "The Rosetta Stone"</ref> The stone's hieroglyphic section was only fully translated more than 20 years after it [[Jean-François Champollion]] acquired a copy of the transcript.<ref>''Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt'' – Tours: Jean-François Champollion: "Deciphering the Rosetta Stone"</ref> Champollion's research was compiled in an autographical manuscript ''{{Wiki\|Grammaire égyptienne}}'' (lit. "Egyptian grammar"), published posthumously in France in 1836.<ref name="Complex Writing" />

	By the 19th century, more progress had been made on the language. Jean-Baptiste Bigant created multiple charts with all known hieroglyphs on it. The English scholar Sir [[Alan Gardiner]] created a list classifying the common hieroglyphic signs and their variants. His findings were later publisher in his identically-titled 1927 book ''{{Wiki\|Egyptian Grammar (book)\|Egyptian Grammar}}''.<ref name="The Number of Hieroglyphs" />		By the 19th century, more progress had been made on the language. Jean-Baptiste Bigant created multiple charts with all known hieroglyphs on it. The English scholar Sir [[Alan Gardiner]] created a list classifying the common hieroglyphic signs and their variants. His findings were later publisher in his identically-titled 1927 book ''{{Wiki\|Egyptian Grammar (book)\|Egyptian Grammar}}''.<ref name="The Number of Hieroglyphs" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:17, 25 September 2025
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	<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">		<gallery captionalign="center" position="center" widths="180">
	ACO_Hieroglyph-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Bayek.png\|[[Bayek]]<br>(''bw-y3-k'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		ACO_Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	~~ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph~~-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		ACO_CotP_Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	~~ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph~~-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		ACO_CotP_Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')		ACO_Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')
	</gallery>		</gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:15, 25 September 2025
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	Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	~~Hieroglyph~~-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	~~Hieroglyph~~-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		ACO_Cotp_Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')		Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')
	Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')		Hieroglyph-Cleopatra.png\|[[Cleopatra]]<br>(''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts'')

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:03, 25 September 2025
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	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')		Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''twt-~~ꜥnḫ~~-~~jmn~~'')		Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''nb-ḫprw-rꜤ'')<br>(''twt-Ꜥnḫ-ꞽmn ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw-šmꜤꞽ'')
	Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')
	Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')		Hieroglyph-Medunamun.png\|[[Medunamun]]<br>(''b3.d-w-ı͗-mn.n'')

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:00, 25 September 2025
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	Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')		Hieroglyph-Aya.png\|[[Amunet\|Aya]]<br>(''3-y-ꜥj'')
	Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)		Hieroglyph-Ptolemy (sml).png\|[[Ptolemy XIII]]<br>(?)
	Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''~~rꜥ-ms-sw~~'')		Hieroglyph-RamessesII.png\|[[Ramesses II]]<br>(''wsr mȝˁt rˁ stp n rˁ'')
	Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn'')		Hieroglyph-Tutankhamun.png\|[[Tutankhamun]]<br>(''twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn'')
	Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')		Hieroglyph-Nefertiti.png\|Neferneferuaten [[Nefertiti]]<br>(''Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj'')