Athens - Revision history

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==History==
==History==

===Foundation===
===Foundation===

Athens has been inhabited as early as the {{Wiki|Neolithic}} period, and by 1412 BCE, the settlement had become an important center of the {{Wiki|Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean}} civilization and the [[Akropolis Sanctuary|Akropolis]] was the site of a major [[Mycenae]]an fortress. From the 7th century, more stone buildings were being made, though many of these structures were not built to last. According to the myth, the half-man half-reptile [[Kekrops]] founded the city and became its first king.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Erechtheion</ref> As the gods Poseidon and Athena fighted for patronage of the city, they gave gift to the city. Depending on the version, on the [[Akropolis Sanctuary|Akropolis]], Poseidon gave a horse or a salty spring, while Athena offered an olive tree.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena"/> Eventually Athena won and the city was named after her.<ref name="Akropolis Origins">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: "Akropolis Origins"</ref> The olive tree became a sacred tree for the city <ref name="Olive Tree of Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Olive Tree of Athena</ref> and the owl of Athena, which symbolized the goddess's wisdom and protection, was often used in Athens' iconography.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Athenian Banner</ref> In the meantime, Poseidon was seen as a vengeful ruffian.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Contest Between Poseidon and Athena</ref>
Athens has been inhabited as early as the {{Wiki|Neolithic}} period, and by 1412 BCE, the settlement had become an important center of the {{Wiki|Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean}} civilization and the [[Akropolis Sanctuary|Akropolis]] was the site of a major [[Mycenae]]an fortress. From the 7th century, more stone buildings were being made, though many of these structures were not built to last. According to the myth, the half-man half-reptile [[Kekrops]] founded the city and became its first king.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Erechtheion</ref> As the gods Poseidon and Athena fighted for patronage of the city, they gave gift to the city. Depending on the version, on the [[Akropolis Sanctuary|Akropolis]], Poseidon gave a horse or a salty spring, while Athena offered an olive tree.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena"/> Eventually Athena won and the city was named after her.<ref name="Akropolis Origins">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: "Akropolis Origins"</ref> The olive tree became a sacred tree for the city<ref name="Olive Tree of Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Olive Tree of Athena</ref> and the owl of Athena, which symbolized the goddess's wisdom and protection, was often used in Athens' iconography.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Athenian Banner</ref> In the meantime, Poseidon was seen as a vengeful ruffian.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Contest Between Poseidon and Athena</ref>

According to mythology, during the reign of [[Aegeus]], Athens must paid a tribut to [[Krete]], sending young people to feed the [[Minotaur]] in the [[Labyrinth of Lost Souls|Labyrinth]]. His son [[Theseus]] promised that he would kill the monster and bring back the Athenian youth on a ship flying white sails, symbolizing victory and joy. Successful, Theseus forget to replace his ship's dark mourning sails. Assuming his son had died, the king threw himself off the steep bastion of the Akropolis, meeting his death on the ground below. The [[Aegean Sea]] was named after him.<ref name="Temple of Athena Nike">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Temple of Athena Nike</ref>
According to mythology, during the reign of [[Aegeus]], Athens must paid a tribut to [[Krete]], sending young people to feed the [[Minotaur]] in the [[Labyrinth of Lost Souls|Labyrinth]]. His son [[Theseus]] promised that he would kill the monster and bring back the Athenian youth on a ship flying white sails, symbolizing victory and joy. Successful, Theseus forget to replace his ship's dark mourning sails. Assuming his son had died, the king threw himself off the steep bastion of the Akropolis, meeting his death on the ground below. The [[Aegean Sea]] was named after him.<ref name="Temple of Athena Nike">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Temple of Athena Nike</ref>

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References

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	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Scroll box\|{{Reflist}}}}
	{{ACOD}}		{{ACOD}}
	<!--[[fr:Athènes]]		<!--[fr:Athènes]
	~~<!--~~[es:Atenas]~~-->~~		[es:Atenas]
	[[zh:雅典]]-->		[zh:雅典]-->
	[[Category:Capital cities]]		[[Category:Capital cities]]
	[[Category:Cities in Ancient Rome]]		[[Category:Cities in Ancient Rome]]

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	{{ACOD}}		{{ACOD}}
	<!--[[fr:Athènes]]		<!--[[fr:Athènes]]
	[[es:Atenas]]		<!--[es:Atenas]-->
	[[zh:雅典]]-->		[[zh:雅典]]-->
	[[Category:Capital cities]]		[[Category:Capital cities]]

Soranin: /* References */

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References

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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	{{ACOD}}		{{ACOD}}
	[[fr:Athènes]]		<!--[[fr:Athènes]]
	[[es:Atenas]]		[[es:Atenas]]
	[[zh:雅典]]		[[zh:雅典]]-->
	[[Category:Capital cities]]		[[Category:Capital cities]]
	[[Category:Cities in Ancient Rome]]		[[Category:Cities in Ancient Rome]]

imported>Darman36: /* Appearances */

2025-09-16T02:31:14Z

Appearances

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	*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]''		*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]''
	*''[[Assassin's Creed Roleplaying Game]]'' {{Mo}}		*''[[Assassin's Creed Roleplaying Game]]'' {{Mo}}
			*''[[Animus Hub]]'' {{Mdat}}

	==References==		==References==

imported>Darman36: /* Appearances */

2025-01-06T21:29:19Z

Appearances

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	**''[[Spears for Hire]]'' {{Mo}}		**''[[Spears for Hire]]'' {{Mo}}
	**''[[For Democracy!]]'' {{Mo}}		**''[[For Democracy!]]'' {{Mo}}
	*''[[Assassin's Creed: Where's the Assassin?]]'' {{~~c\|non-canonical appearance~~}}		*''[[Assassin's Creed: Where's the Assassin?]]'' {{Nc}}
	*''[[Echoes of History]]'' {{Mo}}		*''[[Echoes of History]]'' {{Mo}}
	*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]''		*''[[Assassin's Creed: Nexus VR]]''
			*''[[Assassin's Creed Roleplaying Game]]'' {{Mo}}

	==References==		==References==

imported>Francesco75: /* Modern times */

2024-06-02T11:03:29Z

Modern times

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	===Modern times===		===Modern times===
	In the early 19th century, Greece became independent and the state decided to revive the Akropolis' Classical ruins, removing the medieval and modern buildings.<ref name="Perikles' Akropolis"/>		In the early 19th century, Greece became independent and the state decided to revive the Akropolis' Classical ruins, removing the medieval and modern buildings.<ref name="Perikles' Akropolis"/>

			In 1896, Athens held the first modern Olympics games which were revived by the French nobleman [[Pierre de Coubertin]].<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]] - The Olympic Heritage</ref>

	In 1952, members of the American School of Archaeology planted an olive tree on the Akropolis as a spiritual descendant of the sacred olive tree planted during the foundation of Athens.<ref name="Olive Tree of Athena"/>		In 1952, members of the American School of Archaeology planted an olive tree on the Akropolis as a spiritual descendant of the sacred olive tree planted during the foundation of Athens.<ref name="Olive Tree of Athena"/>

imported>Francesco75: /* Roman Era */

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Roman Era

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	In the 6th century CE, the last philosophers of Athens were expelled by the edict of the emperor [[Justinian I]].<ref name="Kynosarges"/>		In the 6th century CE, the last philosophers of Athens were expelled by the edict of the emperor [[Justinian I]].<ref name="Kynosarges"/>
	As for the rest of the Roman Empire, the worship of the Greek gods faded away with the expansion of the [[Christianity]]. The Temple of Hephaistos was converted into a Christian church.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Agora of Athens]]: The Hephaisteion</ref> In 590 CE, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian Greek Church dedicated to Maria Parthenos. The church became the fourth most important pilgrimage destination in the [[Byzantine Empire]], after [[Constantinople]], Ephesus, and Thessalonica. With the Great Schism of the 11th century, the Parthenon became an Orthodox Church.<ref name="Parthenon Exterior">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: ~~Battle~~ of ~~Amphipolis~~]]: Parthenon Exterior</ref>		As for the rest of the Roman Empire, the worship of the Greek gods faded away with the expansion of the [[Christianity]]. The Temple of Hephaistos was converted into a Christian church.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Agora of Athens]]: The Hephaisteion</ref> In 590 CE, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian Greek Church dedicated to Maria Parthenos. The church became the fourth most important pilgrimage destination in the [[Byzantine Empire]], after [[Constantinople]], Ephesus, and Thessalonica. With the Great Schism of the 11th century, the Parthenon became an Orthodox Church.<ref name="Parthenon Exterior">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Parthenon Exterior</ref>

	====Duchy of Athens====		====Duchy of Athens====

imported>Darman36 at 22:00, 27 February 2024

2024-02-27T22:00:59Z

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	Between 536 and 533 BCE, the responsibility of organizing tragedies was entrusted to the archon of the city. Theater grew rapidly in popularity, and soon a permanent space for performing and watching plays was built on the slope of the Akropolis. During the 5th century BCE, theater became intertwined with Athens's democracy. It often functioned as an echo chamber for political ideas, and in some cases, it could even influence public opinion.<ref name="The Greek Theater">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: School of Greece - Theater]]: The Greek Theater</ref>		Between 536 and 533 BCE, the responsibility of organizing tragedies was entrusted to the archon of the city. Theater grew rapidly in popularity, and soon a permanent space for performing and watching plays was built on the slope of the Akropolis. During the 5th century BCE, theater became intertwined with Athens's democracy. It often functioned as an echo chamber for political ideas, and in some cases, it could even influence public opinion.<ref name="The Greek Theater">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: School of Greece - Theater]]: The Greek Theater</ref>

	In 530 BCE, Athens began to produce its coinage.<ref name="Laurion Mines Overview">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[~~Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece/The Laurion Silver Mines\|~~Tours: The Laurion Silver Mines]]: Laurion Mines Overview</ref>		In 530 BCE, Athens began to produce its coinage.<ref name="Laurion Mines Overview">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Laurion Silver Mines]]: Laurion Mines Overview</ref>

	In 528 BCE, Peisistratos' son [[Hippias]] became the new tyrant of Athens, ruling with absolute power, and brutally disposing of his enemies. Despite this, Athens was surprisingly peaceful and prosperous under his rule.<ref name="Hippias">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Hippias</ref> In 525 BCE, Peisistratos' sons built the [[Altar of Athena]] on the Akropolis for sacrifices to the goddess.<ref name="Altar of Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Altar of Athena</ref>		In 528 BCE, Peisistratos' son [[Hippias]] became the new tyrant of Athens, ruling with absolute power, and brutally disposing of his enemies. Despite this, Athens was surprisingly peaceful and prosperous under his rule.<ref name="Hippias">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Hippias</ref> In 525 BCE, Peisistratos' sons built the [[Altar of Athena]] on the Akropolis for sacrifices to the goddess.<ref name="Altar of Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Altar of Athena</ref>
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	In 510 BCE, Sparta invaded Attika, leading to Hippia's downfall. Exile by the Athenians, Hippias left for Asia Minor.<ref name="Hippias"/> In 508 BCE, Athens became a democracy, the citizens as the ekklesia met at the [[Pnyx]] to decide of the city matters and led by elected magistrates.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Democracy in Athens]]: Democracy as Heritage</ref> [[Kleisthenes]] reorganized the political system dividing Athens into ten tribes. The heroes' tribes were chosen among the city's mythical figures by the Oracle at Delphi. The chosen figures were [[Erechtheus]], Aigeus, [[Pandion]], Leos, Akamas, Oeneus, Kekrops II, Hippothoon, [[Ajax]], and Antiochos. A [[Monument of the Eponymous Heroes\|monument]] was built in their honor.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Eponymous Heroes</ref>		In 510 BCE, Sparta invaded Attika, leading to Hippia's downfall. Exile by the Athenians, Hippias left for Asia Minor.<ref name="Hippias"/> In 508 BCE, Athens became a democracy, the citizens as the ekklesia met at the [[Pnyx]] to decide of the city matters and led by elected magistrates.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Democracy in Athens]]: Democracy as Heritage</ref> [[Kleisthenes]] reorganized the political system dividing Athens into ten tribes. The heroes' tribes were chosen among the city's mythical figures by the Oracle at Delphi. The chosen figures were [[Erechtheus]], Aigeus, [[Pandion]], Leos, Akamas, Oeneus, Kekrops II, Hippothoon, [[Ajax]], and Antiochos. A [[Monument of the Eponymous Heroes\|monument]] was built in their honor.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Eponymous Heroes</ref>

	At the end of the 6th century BCE, Athens started exploiting the [[Lavrio Silver Mine]] and used its metal to produce its currency.<ref name="Laurion Mines Overview"/> The city leased out mining concessions to its citizens, who had their [[Slavery\|slaves]] to do most of the work, alongside poor day-laborers.<ref name="An Antique Mine">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[~~Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece/The Laurion Silver Mines\|~~Tours: The Laurion Silver Mines]]: An Antique Mine</ref>		At the end of the 6th century BCE, Athens started exploiting the [[Lavrio Silver Mine]] and used its metal to produce its currency.<ref name="Laurion Mines Overview"/> The city leased out mining concessions to its citizens, who had their [[Slavery\|slaves]] to do most of the work, alongside poor day-laborers.<ref name="An Antique Mine">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Laurion Silver Mines]]: An Antique Mine</ref>

	Circa 500 BCE, the [[Sanctuary of Zeus Polieos]] was built on the Akropolis.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Sanctuary of Zeus Polieos</ref>		Circa 500 BCE, the [[Sanctuary of Zeus Polieos]] was built on the Akropolis.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Sanctuary of Zeus Polieos</ref>
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	In 424 BCE, as [[Brasidas]] rallied Amphipolis and nearby cities without a fight, Athens dispatched the general [[Thucydides]] to take back the city but ultimately failed, leading to his exile.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Battle of Amphipolis]]: The Shame of Thucydides</ref> The Athenian politician [[Nicias]], as well as the city of Sparta, hoped that peace could be negotiated and established a truce in 423 BCE. But a year later, Kleon became one of Athens' strategists and led an army to Amphipolis.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Battle of Amphipolis]]: Eion Port</ref> Brasidas sought Kassandra aid for the upcoming [[Battle of Amphipolis]], which she accepted and promptly travelled to.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]'' – [[The Knights]]</ref> During the battle, both army's leaders died, Kleon being killed by Kassandra and Brasidas by Deimos. Athens and Sparta were encouraged to push the peace. In 421 BCE, the Athenian politician Nicias led the peace delegation, bringing the so-called treaty of Fifty-Year Peace.<ref name="The Fifty-Year Peace">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Battle of Amphipolis]]: The Fifty-Year Peace</ref> In the negotiations, Sparta requested that Athens free the prisoners of the Battle of Sphakteria.<ref name="Consequence"/> Kassandra returned to Athens and joined the Periklean Circle to celebrate the peace and comemorated the deads.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]'' – [[We Remember]]</ref>		In 424 BCE, as [[Brasidas]] rallied Amphipolis and nearby cities without a fight, Athens dispatched the general [[Thucydides]] to take back the city but ultimately failed, leading to his exile.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Battle of Amphipolis]]: The Shame of Thucydides</ref> The Athenian politician [[Nicias]], as well as the city of Sparta, hoped that peace could be negotiated and established a truce in 423 BCE. But a year later, Kleon became one of Athens' strategists and led an army to Amphipolis.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Battle of Amphipolis]]: Eion Port</ref> Brasidas sought Kassandra aid for the upcoming [[Battle of Amphipolis]], which she accepted and promptly travelled to.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]'' – [[The Knights]]</ref> During the battle, both army's leaders died, Kleon being killed by Kassandra and Brasidas by Deimos. Athens and Sparta were encouraged to push the peace. In 421 BCE, the Athenian politician Nicias led the peace delegation, bringing the so-called treaty of Fifty-Year Peace.<ref name="The Fifty-Year Peace">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: Battle of Amphipolis]]: The Fifty-Year Peace</ref> In the negotiations, Sparta requested that Athens free the prisoners of the Battle of Sphakteria.<ref name="Consequence"/> Kassandra returned to Athens and joined the Periklean Circle to celebrate the peace and comemorated the deads.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Odyssey]]'' – [[We Remember]]</ref>

	In 415 BCE, the Peloponnesian War resumed, Athens and Sparta fighting again for their hegemony on Greece.<ref name="The Fifty-Year Peace"/> When the Spartans occupied and fortified [[Dekelia]], Athens was cut off from important roads. The slaves in Laurion took advantage of this opportunity, and 20,000 of them fled the mines. Because of this, silver extraction in Laurion ceased, having a significant impact on Athens's economy. Its treasury gradually emptied, and it was left with no funds to rebuild its fleet. Deprived of resources, Athens was forced to melt two gold statues of Athena Nike to strike gold coins. The city also produced bronze coins covered in a thin silver layer to imitate and replace its tetradrachms.<ref name="Extracting Ore">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[~~Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece/The Laurion Silver Mines\|~~Tours: The Laurion Silver Mines]]: Extracting Ore</ref>		In 415 BCE, the Peloponnesian War resumed, Athens and Sparta fighting again for their hegemony on Greece.<ref name="The Fifty-Year Peace"/> When the Spartans occupied and fortified [[Dekelia]], Athens was cut off from important roads. The slaves in Laurion took advantage of this opportunity, and 20,000 of them fled the mines. Because of this, silver extraction in Laurion ceased, having a significant impact on Athens's economy. Its treasury gradually emptied, and it was left with no funds to rebuild its fleet. Deprived of resources, Athens was forced to melt two gold statues of Athena Nike to strike gold coins. The city also produced bronze coins covered in a thin silver layer to imitate and replace its tetradrachms.<ref name="Extracting Ore">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Laurion Silver Mines]]: Extracting Ore</ref>

	In 406 BCE, during the Battle of Arginousai, Athens lost a lot of men and ships. The Athenians demanded punishment without due process for the generals involved in the battle. However, Sokrates, who was the epistates at the time, refused to vote on the matter, stating that he would never perform an action that wasn't in accordance with the law.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Agora of Athens]]: Prytaneion</ref>		In 406 BCE, during the Battle of Arginousai, Athens lost a lot of men and ships. The Athenians demanded punishment without due process for the generals involved in the battle. However, Sokrates, who was the epistates at the time, refused to vote on the matter, stating that he would never perform an action that wasn't in accordance with the law.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Agora of Athens]]: Prytaneion</ref>

imported>Soranin: /* Golden Age */

2024-02-12T15:47:11Z

Golden Age

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	With the silver of Laurion and the Delian League Treasure, Perikles planned to rebuild the Akropolis citadel. He enlisted the help of renowned artists like the sculptor [[Phidias]], as well as the architects [[Iktinos]] and [[Kallikrates]], erecting the [[Parthenon]].<ref name="Perikles' Akropolis">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]:		With the silver of Laurion and the Delian League Treasure, Perikles planned to rebuild the Akropolis citadel. He enlisted the help of renowned artists like the sculptor [[Phidias]], as well as the architects [[Iktinos]] and [[Kallikrates]], erecting the [[Parthenon]].<ref name="Perikles' Akropolis">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]:
	Perikles' Akropolis</ref> Built between 447 and 432 BCE, the Parthenon alone cost nearly 3 million drachmae, the equivalent of approximately 12 tons of silver. To justify the massive cost, Perikles cited the need to immortalize Athens' greatness but also called attention to the jobs the project would create for hundreds of stone cutters, carpenters, metal workers, painters, and unskilled laborers, all of whom were grateful for the opportunity to make more money.<ref name="Akropolis Origins"/> In nine years, Phidias also built a ten-meter bronze [[Statue of Athena]] on the Akropolis.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]:		Perikles' Akropolis</ref> Built between 447 and 432 BCE, the Parthenon alone cost nearly 3 million drachmae, the equivalent of approximately 12 tons of silver. To justify the massive cost, Perikles cited the need to immortalize Athens' greatness but also called attention to the jobs the project would create for hundreds of stone cutters, carpenters, metal workers, painters, and unskilled laborers, all of whom were grateful for the opportunity to make more money.<ref name="Akropolis Origins"/> In nine years, Phidias also built a ten-meter bronze [[Statue of Athena]] on the Akropolis.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]:
	Athena Promachos</ref> The Altar of Athena Polias was remodeled to host sacrifices as large as the Panathenaia festival's hecatomb.<ref name="Altar of Athena"/> Between 437 and 432 BCE, the [[~~Propylaia~~]] was built under the supervision of either Phidias or [[Mnesikles]].<ref name="Propylaia">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Propylaia</ref>		Athena Promachos</ref> The Altar of Athena Polias was remodeled to host sacrifices as large as the Panathenaia festival's hecatomb.<ref name="Altar of Athena"/> Between 437 and 432 BCE, the [[Propylea]] was built under the supervision of either Phidias or [[Mnesikles]].<ref name="Propylaia">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Propylaia</ref>

	Between the 440s and the 430 BCE, Perikles ordered the construction of an [[Odeon of Perikles\|Odeon]] to be used in the Panathenaia festival. According to ancient sources, the building design was inspired by the tent of the Persian King Xerxes. The building's roof was made of timber from captured Persian ships. In this sense, the Odeon was both a triumphant symbol of Athens, and an insult to their Persian enemies.<ref name="The Odeon of Perikles"/>		Between the 440s and the 430 BCE, Perikles ordered the construction of an [[Odeon of Perikles\|Odeon]] to be used in the Panathenaia festival. According to ancient sources, the building design was inspired by the tent of the Persian King Xerxes. The building's roof was made of timber from captured Persian ships. In this sense, the Odeon was both a triumphant symbol of Athens, and an insult to their Persian enemies.<ref name="The Odeon of Perikles"/>

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	==History==		==History==
	===Foundation===		===Foundation===
	Athens has been inhabited as early as the {{Wiki\|Neolithic}} period, and by 1412 BCE, the settlement had become an important center of the {{Wiki\|Mycenaean Greece\|Mycenaean}} civilization and the [[Akropolis Sanctuary\|Akropolis]] was the site of a major [[Mycenae]]an fortress. From the 7th century, more stone buildings were being made, though many of these structures were not built to last. According to the myth, the half-man half-reptile [[Kekrops]] founded the city and became its first king.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Erechtheion</ref> As the gods Poseidon and Athena fighted for patronage of the city, they gave gift to the city. Depending on the version, on the [[Akropolis Sanctuary\|Akropolis]], Poseidon gave a horse or a salty spring, while Athena offered an olive tree.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena"/> Eventually Athena won and the city was named after her.<ref name="Akropolis Origins">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: "Akropolis Origins"</ref> The olive tree became a sacred tree for the city <ref name="Olive Tree of Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Olive Tree of Athena</ref> and the owl of Athena, which symbolized the goddess's wisdom and protection, was often used in Athens' iconography.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Athenian Banner</ref> In the meantime, Poseidon was seen as a vengeful ruffian.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Contest Between Poseidon and Athena</ref>		Athens has been inhabited as early as the {{Wiki\|Neolithic}} period, and by 1412 BCE, the settlement had become an important center of the {{Wiki\|Mycenaean Greece\|Mycenaean}} civilization and the [[Akropolis Sanctuary\|Akropolis]] was the site of a major [[Mycenae]]an fortress. From the 7th century, more stone buildings were being made, though many of these structures were not built to last. According to the myth, the half-man half-reptile [[Kekrops]] founded the city and became its first king.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Erechtheion</ref> As the gods Poseidon and Athena fighted for patronage of the city, they gave gift to the city. Depending on the version, on the [[Akropolis Sanctuary\|Akropolis]], Poseidon gave a horse or a salty spring, while Athena offered an olive tree.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena"/> Eventually Athena won and the city was named after her.<ref name="Akropolis Origins">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: "Akropolis Origins"</ref> The olive tree became a sacred tree for the city<ref name="Olive Tree of Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Olive Tree of Athena</ref> and the owl of Athena, which symbolized the goddess's wisdom and protection, was often used in Athens' iconography.<ref>''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Athenian Banner</ref> In the meantime, Poseidon was seen as a vengeful ruffian.<ref name="Contest Between Poseidon and Athena">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – Discovery Sites: Contest Between Poseidon and Athena</ref>

	According to mythology, during the reign of [[Aegeus]], Athens must paid a tribut to [[Krete]], sending young people to feed the [[Minotaur]] in the [[Labyrinth of Lost Souls\|Labyrinth]]. His son [[Theseus]] promised that he would kill the monster and bring back the Athenian youth on a ship flying white sails, symbolizing victory and joy. Successful, Theseus forget to replace his ship's dark mourning sails. Assuming his son had died, the king threw himself off the steep bastion of the Akropolis, meeting his death on the ground below. The [[Aegean Sea]] was named after him.<ref name="Temple of Athena Nike">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Temple of Athena Nike</ref>		According to mythology, during the reign of [[Aegeus]], Athens must paid a tribut to [[Krete]], sending young people to feed the [[Minotaur]] in the [[Labyrinth of Lost Souls\|Labyrinth]]. His son [[Theseus]] promised that he would kill the monster and bring back the Athenian youth on a ship flying white sails, symbolizing victory and joy. Successful, Theseus forget to replace his ship's dark mourning sails. Assuming his son had died, the king threw himself off the steep bastion of the Akropolis, meeting his death on the ground below. The [[Aegean Sea]] was named after him.<ref name="Temple of Athena Nike">''[[Discovery Tour: Ancient Greece]]'' – [[Tours: The Akropolis of Athens]]: Temple of Athena Nike</ref>