Editing Assassins

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{{Quote|We work in the dark, to serve the light. We are Assassins.|[[Niccolò Machiavelli]].|Assassin's Creed II}}
{{Faction Infobox
|image = AssassinLogo.png
|founder =
|leader = [[Mentor]]<ref name="Revelations">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]''</ref><ref name="The Fall #1">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Fall]]'' - ''Issue #1''</ref>
|headquarters = 
|locations =
|related =
*[[Vigilantes]]<ref name="AC">''[[Assassin's Creed]]''</ref><ref name="Brotherhood">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''</ref>
*[[Mercenaries]]<ref name="AC2">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]''</ref>
*[[Courtesans]]<ref name="AC2"/>
*[[Thieves]]<ref name="AC2"/>
*[[Romani]]<ref name="Revelations"/>
*[[Initiates]]<ref name="ACU">''[[Assassin's Creed: Unity]]''</ref>
*[[Rooks]]<ref name="ACS">''[[Assassin's Creed: Syndicate]]''</ref>
|formed = Prehistory
|reorganized = 1191<ref name="AC2"/>
|religion = {{wiki|Agnosticism}}<ref name="AC" /><ref name="ACU" />
Various
|collapsed =
|notable =
*[[Aquilus]]
*[[Hassan-i Sabbāh]]
*[[Rashid ad-Din Sinan]]
*[[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]]
*[[Thomas de Carneillon]]
*[[Ezio Auditore da Firenze]]
*[[Aguilar de Nerha]]
*[[Shao Jun]]
*[[Adéwalé]]
*[[Edward Kenway]]
*[[Aveline de Grandpré]]
*[[Ratonhnhaké:ton]]
*[[Arno Dorian]]
*[[Arbaaz Mir]]
*[[Jacob Frye]]
*[[Evie Frye]]
*[[Nikolai Orelov]]
*[[Daniel Cross]]
*[[Desmond Miles]]}}
The '''Assassin Order''', also known as the '''Assassin Brotherhood''', '''Liberalis Circulum''' (''Circle of Liberals'') during the time of the [[Roman Empire]], or '''Hashshashin''' during the Middle Ages, was an organized order of assassins and sworn enemies of the [[Templars]], against whom they fought a [[Assassin–Templar War|continuous, recondite war]] throughout the entirety of recorded [[Humans|human]] history. Whereas the Templars sought to save humanity from itself by controlling free will, the Assassin Order fought to ensure the survival of freedom, as it allowed for the progression of new ideas and the growth of individuality.

The Assassins, if not the Order itself, have existed since at least 456 BCE, throughout the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the [[Renaissance]], the Industrial Revolution and into the [[Modern times|Modern era]].

==The Creed==
{{Quote|Laa shay'a waqi'un mutlaq bale kouloun moumkin.<br/>("Nothing is true, everything is permitted" in Arabic.)|The Assassins' [[The Creed|Creed]].|Assassin's Creed II}}
The Order believes in a strong set of values that strictly govern their way of life, referred to as "the Creed". This Creed consists of three tenets:
#"Stay your blade from the flesh of an innocent."
#"Hide in plain sight, be one with the crowd."
#"Never compromise the Brotherhood."<ref name="AC"/>

These tenets permeated every aspect of the Assassins' daily life, as well as their fight for "peace in all things". The Assassins carry out their duties through political, strategic assassination, in the hope that killing one individual will lead to the salvation of thousands. They also believe that they fight on the behalf of those who do not possess the abilities, resources, or knowledge to speak out against those who abuse their power.<ref name="AC2"/>

==Ideals and goals==
===Skepticism===
{{Quote|You cannot '''know''' anything. Only suspect. You must expect to be wrong, to have overlooked something.|[[Malik Al-Sayf]] to [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]]|Assassin's Creed}}
Throughout its long existence, the Assassin Order has opposed tyrants and oppressors alike, priding itself as a "champion of the poor" and downtrodden,<ref name="Revelations"/> while assuming ideals such as equality and freedom and other principles associated with human rights. Though these principles may encourage the view that the Assassins are, like their sworn enemies the Templars, founded on a distinct set of ideals, at its roots, the Assassins' philosophy is grounded not in idealism, but in rationalism and epistemology, with the unique viewpoint that before one devises a specific code of ethics or belief system, one must first approach the world from a chiefly scientific standpoint, un-tempered by biases or such subjective products as morality or faith.<ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="ACBF"/> To an Assassin, knowledge should be obtained first and foremost through strict objective reasoning, but this method is disrupted by each individual's fundamental dependency on his or her own senses to acquire information. These senses can be deceived in some measure, or otherwise will never convey the precise intrinsic quality of an object. Consequently, they are rendered unreliable, with the end result being that "true" or "full" objectivity is, as Altaïr argued, unreachable.<ref name="AC2"/> The driving theory behind the Assassin's creed is thus that "one can only know that one knows nothing,"<ref name="AC"/><ref name="ACBF"/> a handicap corroborated by the [[Isu|Precursor]] [[Juno]], who cited this as a defect of [[humans]].<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

From this skepticism arises the Assassins' maxim that "nothing is true, everything is permitted," a relativistic assertion designed to provide an answer to the vastly disparate convictions over the perfect solution for humanity's ills: that there is no Truth and any attempted application of a singular ideal on a universal scale is first and foremost unrealistic. Moderation is therefore an inherent principle of the Assassins, who shun extremism as destructive to society. To treat one belief as absolute is to not only submit oneself to the irrationality of blind faith, but also to cloud oneself from the perspectives of inevitable dissenters. These perspectives must always be taken into account, not only in one's outlook of society and life, but also in aspects of one's work, which manifests in the Assassins' emphasis on precision and stealth, and has been referred to by Assassins such as Altaïr and [[Pierre Bellec]] as "variables."<ref name="AC"/><ref name="ACU"/>

The second component of the creed, "everything is permitted" is an extension of this principle of uncertainty. Because the quantity of variables is infinite, it follows that theoretically, anything within nature is possible, for as long as there is no absolute answer to any query, no impossibility can be ascertained, and therefore, one must remain vigilantly open-minded to the unexpected and unknown, without ever drawing a conclusion without being conscious of that conclusion's plausibility of error. Beyond being a further vessel for pluralism, Assassins are taught to be mindful of pretensions and their own capability to achieve either great dreams or great destruction. In essence, this corollary commands one to take responsibility for one's actions towards oneself and society at large.<ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="ACU"/>

Though the maxim as a whole is actually descriptive, not normative, it nevertheless serves as the threshold into Assassin ethos, wherein reason, not divinity or society, is the source for guidance;<ref name="AC"/> dogmatism is discouraged for its potential to brew prejudice and violence,<ref name="ACU"/>, and diversity of thought is respected as the closest conduit to reaching truth.

According to [[Haytham Kenway]], the Templar Order was "born of a realization" that humanity is fundamentally corrupt, necessitating strenuous control for it to be guided to peace.<ref name="AC3">''[[Assassin's Creed III]]''</ref> From the Assassin perspective, their brotherhood was born of the "realization" that to be wise, one must first liberate one's mind from the assumption of having acquired true knowledge.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

===Liberalism===
{{Quote|Twenty-two years ago, I stood where I stand now – and watched my loved ones die, betrayed by those I had called friends. Vengeance clouded my mind. It would have consumed me, were it not for the wisdom of a few strangers, who taught me to look past my instincts. They never preached answers, but guided me to learn from myself. We don't need anyone to tell us what to do; not Savonarola, not the Medici. We are free to follow our own path. There are those who will take that freedom from us, and too many of you gladly give it. But it is our ability to choose – whatever you think is true – that makes us human... There is no book or teacher to give you the answers, to show you the path. Choose your own way! Do not follow me, or anyone else|[[Ezio Auditore da Firenze]]|Assassin's Creed II}}

Though the Assassins' philosophy begins with a purely empirical assessment of life that seemingly verges on nihilism, their order is profoundly idealistic, with a deep sentiment for principles of social justice, humanitarianism, egalitarianism, and libertarianism.<ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="AC3"/>

It is aforementioned that the Assassins' justify perspectivalism with the view that it is logical and realistic, but it is further reinforced ethically by their ardent belief in the "sanctity of life" and each individual's humanity.<ref name="AC2"/> This, in conjunction with moral relativism, are the guiding motives behind their support for cultural diversity and free will. Assassins perceive societal norms and conventions as artificial structures that can hinder one's partiality and lead to prejudices. These false boundaries include but are not limited to national borders, gender, ethnicity, social class, and race. As a result, Assassins oppose discrimination of virtually every kind, with physical abuse and [[Slavery|slavery]] being especially abhorrent. <ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="AC3"/><ref name="ACBF"/><ref name="Freedom Cry">''[[Freedom Cry]]''</ref><ref name="ACRG"/><ref name="ACU"/>

===Goals & Motivations===
{{Quote|Man seeks dominion over all that he encounters. I suppose it is a natural tendency for us to aspire towards mastery of our surroundings. But this should not include other human beings. Every day more and more are pressed into service – by deception or by force. Others, though not so firmly imprisoned, are made to feel as if their lives are worthless. I have seen the ways in which men persecute women. Heard the cruel words hurled at those who come here from other lands. Watched as those who believe or act differently are made to suffer...<br/> We discuss such things often – watching as we do from the spires of Masyaf. What can be done to stop this? To encourage tolerance and equality? Some days we speak of education, believing that knowledge will free us from immorality. But as I walk the streets and see slaves sent off to auction – my heart grows cold. When I see the husband hurl abuses and stones at his wife, insisting she exists only to serve him – my fists clench. And when I see children torn from their parents so that another man might profit – sent off to suffer beneath the desert sun and die...<br/> ...On these days, I do not think that dialogue will make a difference. On these days, I can think only of how the perpetrators need to die|Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad|Assassin's Creed II}}

In light of their antipathy for authoritarianism, the Assassins throughout history fought under the banner of liberation for oppressed peoples. In spite of this, freedom was not at the heart of their ambitions, but peace. The Assassins aspired for the establishment of global prosperity and harmony, the genesis of what essentially amounts to utopia. In this, they shared with the Templars a sincere desire to resolve the chaos that plagued humanity. Their incompatible visions of the means by which such utopia could be achieved dismantled this common spirit.<ref name="AC"/> Unlike the Templars, who condemned humanity as irredeemably weak-minded and corrupt, the Assassins upheld faith, even love, in humanity as one of its core ideals.<ref name="Embers"/> Their fundamentally skeptic creed neither justified the defeatist attitude that was the hallmark of Templar ideology, nor endorsed the notion that a single group could be wise enough to impress a correct way of life or belief on the people at large.<ref name="AC2"/> Consequently, they scorned the notion that a short-cut to universal peace, especially in the form of global enslavement or elitist control, could be suitable as a solution to society's ills. Instead, they argued that humanity must be permitted to undergo the slow and arduous journey of developing tolerance for their myriad differences, a process derided as unrealistic and impossible by the Templars. In the Assassin view, peace is a product of education, not force,<ref name="AC"/> and this was only possible without the stringent control over information and society that authoritarians advocated. For this reason, and due to Altaïr's reformation of the Order and focus on free will, the Assassins identified with the ideals of liberty over the centuries, to the extent that by the [[American Revolution]], many Templars, notably [[Grand Master]] Haytham Kenway, believed that the Assassins had abandoned their goal of peace in favor of freedom as an ends, even accusing them of anarchism,<ref name="AC3"/><ref name="ACRG"/> although the Assassins supported democracy, not the abolition of order and government.<ref name="AC3"/><ref name="ACU"/><ref name="The Fall Deluxe">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Fall]]'' - ''Deluxe Edition''</ref>

Ironically, in spite of the Assassins' optimistic view of humanity as a whole, they did not always retain the same faith for adversaries of human rights. This is the guiding force behind their operations, of which assassinations take primacy. Altaïr could not help but doubt the efficacy of persuasion, lamenting that many abusers were far too cemented in their ways to be redeemed through dialogue. Echoing Altaïr's sentiment, [[Rebecca Crane]] once explained to [[Desmond Miles]] that sometimes, "there's no other way." To protect the lives of innocents, the Assassins believed that realistically, an ideal, noble resolution was not always possible (i.e. one may have to kill a perpetrator to save an innocent). For many members, compassion was a key motivation that paradoxically translated into objectives that very often revolved around murder.<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/> Perhaps most critically, social justice was a unifying theme among Assassins, and in this capacity, they served as a reactionary force against perceived oppression, tyranny, and abuses against humanity, becoming the mortal enemies of the Templars.<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="AC3"/>

===Paradoxes & Misconceptions===
{{Quote|What follows are the three great ironies of the Assassin Order: (1) Here we seek to promote peace, but murder is our means. (2) Here we seek to open the minds of men, but require obedience to a master and set of rules. (3) Here we seek to reveal the danger of blind faith, yet we are practitioners ourselves|Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad|Assassin's Creed II}}

To laymen and especially Templars, the creed is very often taken literally as a propagation of nihilism, anarchism, and self-gratification. The pirate [[Edward Kenway]], before being inducted into the Assassin Order, is a prime example of this, misconstruing the creed as a suggestion to "chase every desire."<ref name="ACBF"/> The Templar [[James Wardrop]], in his dying words to [[Shay Cormac]], bemoaned that "if everything is permitted, nothing is safe," implying that the maxim is a call for wanton hedonism.<ref name="ACRG">''[[Assassin's Creed: Rogue]]''</ref> Even the scholarly woman [[Sofia Sartor]] was apt to remark on the creed's "cynicism" upon first hearing it cited by her future husband, the [[Mentor]] Ezio Auditore.<ref name="Revelations"/>

As Altaïr reported in [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad's Codex|his codex]], it was not an uncommon occurrence that people newly exposed to the creed be waylaid by immorality or driven mad by the disintegration of a sense of security.<ref name="AC2"/> Experienced Assassins were often obliged to chide their pupils or outsiders for misinterpreting "everything is permitted" as a message to abolish all sense of moral restraint and discipline.<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="ACBF"/>

The Assassins' devotion to free will and their assertion of moral relativism can indeed invite questions of whether or not they and their creed are nihilistic or anarchic. Their liberal belief system, along with their support of cultural expression and life,<ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="Embers"/> would indicate otherwise. The creed itself, however, implies that all values are meaningless. A contradiction thus arises, which can be summarized as "why do Assassins adhere strictly to beliefs while asserting that none are true?" This can be taken even further into a charge of hypocrisy when one considers that Assassins preach freedom of beliefs and yet use violence to suppress those who reject their own beliefs (of free will), an accusation that the Templars [[Abu'l Nuqoud]] and [[Jubair al Hakim]] directed upon Altaïr with their dying words.<ref name="AC"/>

While Altaïr at the time noted that he had no "satisfactory answer" to these charges" even expressing fear that "none exist," Ezio Auditore and Edward Kenway both provided insight into how these paradoxes are resolved.

In addressing this paradox, Ezio explained that the creed itself is more akin to that of a scientific theory, rather than a doctrine in itself, and therefore it is neither meant to be followed nor obeyed, but merely understood.<ref name="Revelations"/> Edward Kenway, upon his induction into the Assassin Order, posed the same questions to the Mentor [[Ah Tabai]]. When Ah Tabai redirected them back to him, the former pirate answered that "it might be that this idea is only the beginning of wisdom, and not its final form."<ref name="ACBF"/> In other words, the creed would be a call to nihilism—and implicitly the Assassins hypocritical for not adhering wholly to it—if it were a dogma itself. It is not, however, the dogma of the Assassins for it can be said to be the scientific introduction ''to'' a belief system, one that formulated only the framework of an ideology, but not the completed complex of ideals itself. As such, while "nothing is true," and all beliefs and moral values can not be validated from an objective standpoint, it does not follow that morals and beliefs should be ''perceived'' as false from an ethical standpoint. While "everything is permitted" from a naturalistic perspective, it does not follow that everything must necessarily be ethically permissible. In other words, the creed is descriptive, not normative. The Assassins regard the creed as an exposition to their concept of wisdom, in that they believe that one must first understand the subjective origins of all beliefs and values before devising his or her own ideology, so as to remain open-minded and unprejudiced, but the relativity of beliefs does not make beliefs insignificant.<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/><ref name="ACBF"/>

While explaining why the creed is not meant to support nihilism or anarchism, it does not resolve the paradox that Assassins murder in the name of peace or kill those that disagree with their own ideals in the name of free will. Altaïr, in attempting to provide an answer, suggested that the creed incorporates an even deeper meaning: that paradoxes exist and are not impossible, or rather that it is because paradoxes exist and cannot be avoided, that "nothing is true.<ref name="AC2"/>

==Methods==
{{Quote|Cultures and religions and languages keep folks divided. But there's something in the Assassin's Creed that crosses all boundaries. A fondness for life and liberty.|Mary Read, on the Assassin's Creed and society.|Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag}}
===Precision and Stealth===
Throughout the long centuries of war between the Assassins and Templars, members of both factions often mused on the similarity of their goals and the contrast between their means.<ref name="AC" /><ref name="Revelations" /> Even so, it was a frequent contention of Templars that the Assassins' methods were identical to their own in principle: "a minor evil, for a greater good."<ref name="AC" /> Indeed, the Assassins extensively hunted and murdered [[assassination targets|key individuals]] they perceived to be corrupt or a danger to humanity, and this became one of their defining attributes.<ref name="AC" /><ref name="AC2" /> A critical distinction, however, lied in the strict tenet that an Assassin must refrain from harming an innocent. As Altaïr reflected, the Templars were brutal and lacked precision in their methods: burning books wholesale, committing grand massacres, and in later histories, instigating nation-wide purges.<ref name="AC" />

Accordingly, precision was a guiding principle behind the Assassins' technique and a factor behind their focus on stealth and discretion. By reducing collateral damage and the chance of open conflict, casualties would be minimized. Such a tactic aligned with their traditional respect for humanity and life, and in theory (though not always in practice), assassinations were to be carried out only in cases of utmost necessity. Once a target had been killed, agents were dissuaded from rejoicing in the death, and some even adopted the practice of paying last respects, no matter how vile they held them to be.<ref name="ACAC">''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]''</ref><ref name="AC2" /><ref name="AC3" />

Although not every Assassin operated on the level of perfectionism exhibited by [[Francesco Vecellio]],<ref name="ACPL">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]''</ref>, prodigious information was expected to be gathered before an assassination is attempted. Failure to do so could yield catastrophic errors, such as [[Arno Dorian]]'s mistaken murder of the Templar ally [[Chrétien Lafrenière]].<ref name="ACU" /> For their investigations, Assassins referred to a variety of means including but not limited to: [[eavesdropping|espionage]], [[pickpocketing|theft]] of documents, and mingling with locals.<ref name="AC" /><ref name="AC2" /><ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="ACPL" /><ref name="ACU" />

In some ways, the reforms of Altaïr promoted a greater level of stealth than under the tenure of his predecessor, Rashid ad-din Sinan. Previously, it was common practice for the Levantine Assassins to perform high-risk, near suicidal, yet awe-inspiring assassinations in crowded, public areas.<ref name="ACU" /> This tactic relied on shock to impress power—through fear—in the public imagination.<ref name="AC" /> Under Altaïr's direction, the Assassins retreated further into the shadows, and this approach was generally discouraged, if not outright abolished, and restrictions on formerly banned methods such as [[poison]] were lifted. While some members were impatient with the secrecy demanded by the brotherhood, feeling that it hampered progress and influence, Altaïr feared the great risks of exposure to public society. Ever mindful that Assassins could be branded as madmen and destroyed if they remained an open target, as evident in the [[Fall of Masyaf]] to the [[Mongol Empire]], Altaïr withdrew the brotherhood further into secrecy. Thus, security was another reason for the Assassins' policy of stealth.<ref name="AC" />

Despite this, it was not unknown for Assassins even after the High Middle Ages to resort to open conflict, and these uncommon tactics could range from the instigation of riots, employment of mercenaries, or even a direct militaristic assault on enemy bases.<ref name="Revelations" /><ref name="AC3" /><ref name="ACRG" />

===Social Reforms===
In Altaïr's time, the Assassins were markedly apprehensive that public promotion of their ideals could yield societal reforms. As a result, at first much of their activities revolved only around the elimination or sabotage of those they believed threatened the rights of humanity. With their dream that humanity arrive at utopia through free will, their way of guidance was often indirect, with an emphasis on individuals learning through self-experience. For instance, their way of teaching Ezio against the path of vengeance involved allowing him to experience that journey personally.

Over time, the brotherhood's policies evolved and during the [[Renaissance|Italian Renaissance]], the Assassins under the leadership of Ezio Auditore became more active at winning the hearts of the public. It was Ezio's conviction that the strength of the Assassins derived from the strength of the common people, a sentiment initially rebuffed by the cynical Mentor [[Niccolò Machiavelli]]. Accordingly, the Assassins' campaign in [[Rome]] was prolific in rehabilitating a city crumbling under the weight of [[Borgia]] corruption, such as funding renovations, sponsoring merchants, and rescuing civilians.<ref name="Brotherhood" /><ref name="The Fall Deluxe"/>

The order continued to adapt and reform gradually through the centuries, and by the 20th century, their activities began to shift over to non-violent social reforms rather than aggressive enforcement. The transition was tenuous: certain branches, such as the fledgling branch established in North America by [[Achilles Davenport]] and the Assassin-sponsored movement ''[[Narodnaya Volya]]'' engaged in operations smacking of terrorism. It was only after [[World War II]] that the Assassins definitively refocused their activities towards inspiring change through example. Assassinations became far rarer, and until the [[Great Purge|Great Purge of 2000]], the shadow war with the Templars defused to one waged through covert tampering of political elections instead.<ref name="The Fall Deluxe" />

==Practices==
===Induction===
{{Main|Initiation into the Assassin Order}}
[[File:Ascension 9.png|thumb|250px|Claudia Auditore being inducted into the Assassin Order in 1503]]
There were two ways of entering into the Order: through birth, like Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, Ezio Auditore and Desmond Miles,<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/> or through recruitment, like Assassin [[apprentices]], Edward Kenway and Shaun Hastings.<ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="ACBF">''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]''</ref><ref name="AC2"/>

After declaring oneself an Assassin under the Creed, a trainee would be tested to prove their worth over an unspecified period of time. For example, Ezio was tasked with hunting down Templar conspirators over years before he was officially inducted,<ref name="AC2"/> whereas Assassin apprentices had to gain enough experience in their contract missions across the world before joining the [[Assassins Guilds|Assassins Guild]] as fully-fledged members.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

===Training===
The Assassins spent their entire lives training to kill.<ref name="AC"/> From an early age, they were taught to observe their surroundings and plan ahead. Combat skills were essential and focused on bladed weaponry. However, the most important consideration in the Assassins' training was concealment. Stealth was the greatest weapon of the Assassins, and everything about their lives emphasized a devotion to it.<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/> It was essential for an Assassin to be able to reach their target unnoticed and then slip back into the crowd after they had struck.<ref name="AC"/>

Another significant focus of an Assassin's training was maneuverability. By the time an Assassin reached the [[Ranks|rank]] of Master Assassin, they were also a master of [[freerunning]], an early form of {{Wiki|parkour}} extensively utilized by the Assassins. Widely seen as alien by the general populace, this method of movement allowed the Assassins to reach areas not otherwise accessible. Freerunning gave the Assassins a significant advantage over nearly all of their enemies and city [[guards]], and could be used to traverse crowded urban environments quickly and efficiently.

[[File:AC1 Fight Instructor.png|thumb|250px|left|Altaïr with the combat trainer at Masyaf]]
However, not all Assassins were trained from birth, particularly those recruited later in life. Trainees had to learn the ways of their craft through personal experience and the teachings from other Assassins in the field. For example, Ezio learned many techniques from other Assassins and allies like [[Paola]], his uncle [[Mario Auditore]] and the [[Thieves|thief]] [[Rosa]], as well as several fundamental assassination techniques through reading Altaïr's Codex.<ref name="AC2"/> Centuries later, Edward Kenway used skills learned through [[piracy]] to better himself as an Assassin.<ref name="ACBF"/>

Unlike certain other factions, the Assassins did not have a specific style of fighting. Aside from their signature Hidden Blade, each branch used weapons and fighting styles native to the area. For example, the Turkish Assassins favored curved daggers,<ref name="Revelations"/> while the [[Chinese Assassins]] were trained in ''{{Wiki|Chinese martial arts|wushu}}''.<ref name="Embers">''[[Assassin's Creed: Embers]]''</ref>

===Equipment===
Throughout the ages, the Brotherhood has had many weapons at its disposal. During ancient times, the Assassins did not have any standard attire or equipment, but ancient Assassins were known for using [[Long weapons|spears]], [[poison]]s, [[bow]]s, and other armaments.<ref name="AC2"/> By the time of the High Middle Ages, they had assumed white as their general color and robes with beaked hoods as their common clothing.

This age also marked the appearance of the Assassins' signature weapon, the [[Hidden Blade]], a retractable blade first conceptualized by [[Darius]]. Other weapons used by the Assassins included swords, [[short blades]] and [[throwing knives]], though the Order forbade the use of poison as "a coward's tool". Many such rules changed under the leadership of Altaïr, who pioneered several inventions and techniques with the assistance of an [[Apple of Eden 2|Apple of Eden]]. These included the [[Poison Blade]], the [[Hidden Gun]], and new types of assassinations which dramatically altered the practices of the Order.<ref name="AC"/>

From the Renaissance onward, the Assassins' equipment did not change significantly, but some weapons were added to their arsenal. The use of armor over robes had become popular, although the white robes with beaked hoods persisted. Ezio Auditore and other Italian Assassins used a Hidden Gun, [[crossbow]], [[poison darts]], [[Bombs#Smoke bombs|smoke bombs]], and a secondary Hidden Blade, among more conventional weapons like swords and knives. Some regions also had unique weapons not seen elsewhere, like the [[Tomahawks|tomahawk]] of Ratonhnhaké:ton or [[Hookblade]]s used in the early 16th century Ottoman Empire. Still others, such as the [[Caribbean Assassins]], did not have beaked hoods as part of their standard attire.

In modern times, Assassins followed the rest of society into the new era. As technology progressed, guns became commonplace and computers became prevalent, with Assassins like Rebecca Crane and [[Hannah Mueller]] specializing in their use.<ref name="AC2"/><ref name="AC3"/><ref name="The Fall #2">''Assassin's Creed: The Fall - Issue #2''</ref> While Desmond Miles was being held by [[Abstergo Industries]] within their [[Animus Project laboratory|Roman facility]], a small group of Assassins attempted to rescue him, armed with automatic weapons.<ref name="AC"/>

===Burial===
Historically, Assassins always showed great respect for the dead. Their own were buried in crypts or large tombs, wrapped in a cloth shroud with their red sash spread across the body. The greatest Assassins were venerated in large tombs and entombed within sarcophagi, their likeness emblazoned on the lid and their symbol venerated in the flags of the tomb.<ref name="AC2"/>

For all assassination targets, unless circumstances prevented, Assassins would give them their last rites after they had passed away. Early in his career as an Assassin, Ezio Auditore was reprimanded by his uncle Mario for disrespecting the corpse of his target and longtime rival [[Vieri de' Pazzi]], instilling in him a respect for the dead.<ref name="AC2"/>

===Expulsion===
When an Assassin had behaved irrationally on several occasions, the [[Assassin Council]] could call for a vote of expulsion. The expulsion would include that the Assassin was stripped of their rank and exiled from the Brotherhood.

The Assassin Arno Dorian was expelled from the Order, after he had defied the Council's orders, performed several assassinations without the Council's consent and in their words "flouted the Creed at every step".<ref name="ACU"/>

In cases of extreme disregard for the Creed's tenets, an expelled member may further become the target of assassination by their former comrades, such examples being [[Perotto Calderon]] for the theft of the Shroud of Eden, and Shay Cormac for the theft of the Voynich manuscript.

==History==
===Formation===
The bloodline of the original Assassins was formed millennia ago, after members of the First Civilization conceived children with humans. These children had the appearance of humans, but were gifted with extra senses from the precursor race, such as [[Eagle Vision]]. However, throughout the years, these senses were spread thin into the genetic pool, and became dormant in many humans. Only those with high concentrations of First Civilization genetics could freely use the power in the modern era, or those who gained the ability through the [[Bleeding Effect]].

Regardless of ability, many of the resulting humans eventually banded together to accomplish the same goals shared with their modern-day descendants: the protection of the free will for all people, and the removal of individuals who would threaten the freedom of others.<ref name="AC2"/>

===Early Ancient era===
In 465 BCE, [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I]] was killed by the Persian Assassin Darius with a Hidden Blade, because the Achaemenid dynasty was being supported by the Templars. A century later, the Templar-affiliated conqueror known as [[Alexander the Great]] was poisoned by the Assassin [[Iltani]] in order to attain a [[Staves of Eden|Stave of Eden]].<ref name="AC2"/>

In 210 BCE, the Chinese Assassin [[Wei Yu]] killed the Emperor [[Qin Shi Huang]] with a spear, to free the people of the land from the Templar-backed tyrant.<ref name="AC2"/>

===Roman era===
====Republic of Rome====
[[File:Assassination of Julius Caesar.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Assassins killing Julius Caesar]]
During the Roman Republican era, the Assassin Order was a secret enemy of the {{Wiki|SPQR}} – the Senatus Populusque Romanus – a precursor to the Templar organization that composed the ruling body of the Roman Republic. Little is known of the Assassin Order's hierarchy and activities during this time, barring a few major assassinations. In 44 BCE, forty Assassins, who had previously been part of the Roman Senate, plotted the [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|assassination]] of the Roman dictator, [[Gaius Julius Caesar]].

[[Marcus Junius Brutus]] was tasked with plotting the assassination by [[Gaius Cassius Longinus]], after seeing visions granted by the First Civilization in the [[Colosseum Vault]]. Twenty-three of the forty Assassins stabbed Caesar to death at the Roman Senate.<ref name="Brotherhood"/> Following this event, the Assassins went their separate ways, but most were eventually tracked down and killed by Caesar's allies. Brutus himself committed suicide before the {{Wiki|Battle of Philippi}}, which his forces eventually lost. Afterward, his Brothers unsuccessfully tried to revive him with the [[Shroud of Eden]].<ref name="Project Legacy">''[[Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy]]''</ref>

====Roman Empire====
In 30 BCE, [[Cleopatra]], Caesar's former lover and Queen of [[Egypt]], was killed by the [[Egyptian Assassins|Egyptian Assassin]] [[Amunet]] with a venomous [[Snakes|snake]]. Years later, on 24 January 41 CE, Roman Emperor [[Caligula]] was stabbed to death by the Assassin [[Leonius]] under unknown circumstances.<ref name="AC2"/>

In 259 CE, the Assassins [[Accipiter]] and [[Aquilus]] safeguarded an [[Ankh]] for the Assassin Order, which was operating under the alias Liberalis Circulum. Aquilus' father, [[Lucius]], initially held the Ankh, but when he was killed by Templars, Aquilus fought to retrieve it. He uncovered a Templar traitor, [[Faustinus]], who pointed to Roman senator [[Caïus Fulvus Vultur]] as the ringleader before Aquilus eliminated him.

Though he was able to kill and retrieve the Ankh from Vultur, Aquilus died a captive of the [[Prefect of Lugdunum]]. Accipiter, Aquilus' cousin, managed to save Aquilus' wife, [[Valeria]], and she told him of the work that they were doing. Together, the two recovered the Ankh, and Valeria interred it in a shrine to Aquilus' memory.

===High Middle Ages===
During the Middle Ages, the Templars became a public knightly order under the name "Knights Templar". In the year 1090, control of the Assassins fell to [[Hassan-i Sabbāh]], who in turn changed the Assassin Order into a public organization. Under his command, public assassinations occurred much more often and the people were encouraged to stand up to their oppressors, realizing that they were not on their own.

During the 1170s, the Assassins were at odds with the [[Saracens]]; in 1174, thirteen Assassins were sent to the Sultan [[Salāḥ ad-Dīn|Saladin]]'s camp close to [[Damascus]] to assassinate him. They successfully infiltrated his tent, but were detected once inside. One Assassin was killed by a Saracen general and the others were executed upon trying to escape.<ref name="Secret Crusade">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade]]''</ref>

In 1176, Saladin led a siege on the Assassins' fortress at [[Masyaf]]. After the location of Saladin's tent was revealed by the Assassin spy [[Ahmad Sofian]], [[Umar Ibn-La'Ahad]] was sent to leave a [[Feathers|feather]] and a dagger with a threatening message at Saladin's bedside. Despite a careful approach, he was ultimately detected and killed a Saracen noble to make his escape. Ahmad Sofian confirmed Umar's identity under torture, and Umar gave himself up to execution to spare Ahmad's life.<ref name="Secret Crusade"/>

In 1189, the Assassins were betrayed by a man named [[Haras]], who captured Mentor Al Mualim and three other Assassins, and allowed Crusaders into Masyaf's village. Under the leadership of young Assassin Altaïr, members of the Brotherhood were able to force the Crusaders back. Altaïr personally assassinated Haras and saved Al Mualim, earning the rank of Master Assassin.<ref name="Revelations"/>

The next year, the Assassins began to hunt for the [[Adha|Chalice]], an object rumored to be so powerful that it could end the Crusades. Al Mualim wanted to keep it out of Templar hands, and sent Altaïr to recover it. Investigating the Chalice's location, he eventually tracked it to the Temple of Sand, but found the Templar leader [[Basilisk]] had removed it. As the structure began to crumble, Basilisk revealed that the Chalice was not an object, but a woman, then left Altaïr to die. However, Altaïr escaped and hunted Basilisk, uncovering the Templar plan to poison the water supply of [[Acre]].<ref name="Chronicles">''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]''</ref>

After foiling this plot, Altaïr followed the trail of the Chalice to [[Jerusalem]] and recognized her to be Adha, a former acquaintance of his. On Adha's instruction, Altaïr killed [[Harash]], a traitor to the Assassin Order. Altaïr then planned to run away with Adha, but she was soon captured by Basilisk and transported to an unknown location. Years later, Altaïr found her dead, and began hunting the individuals responsible for her murder.<ref name="Chronicles"/>

[[File:Almualimassassins.png|thumb|250px|Al Mualim and the Assassins in the fortress of Masyaf]]
In 1191, the Assassins were still in a secret battle with the Templars and their leader, [[Robert de Sable]]. It was during the [[Third Crusade]] that the Assassins learned of the Templars' interest in an ancient artifact hidden within the catacombs of [[Solomon's Temple]]. A mission to retrieve the artifact was organized, and though it was successful, it led to the death of [[Kadar Al-Sayf|one Assassin]], the disfigurement of [[Malik Al-Sayf|another]], and the arrival of the Templar army at the gates of Masyaf. The Assassins were nearly overwhelmed by the [[Siege of Masyaf|following battle]], but were ultimately able to drive the Templars from the fortress and village.<ref name="AC"/>

Following the assault, the Assassin blamed for prompting the assault – Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad – was reduced to the rank of [[novice]] and tasked with [[Hunt for the Nine|eliminating nine corrupt leaders]] who all answered to Robert de Sable. As Altaïr made his way through the list of both Crusaders and Saracen, he was unsettled by the realization that their goal to bring peace to the Holy Land was just, and that they were "misguided perhaps, but pure in motive."

This was a view shared by Al Mualim, who agreed with their goals, but felt that their attitude of "the end justifies the means" undermined the good they did. As his mission progressed, Altaïr sought to know what tied his victims together, and the discovery that they were all Templars reinforced his determination to bring an end to their plot.<ref name="AC"/>

By fall of 1191, Robert de Sable and his associates had been eliminated. However, it was soon discovered that Al Mualim was secretly a former member of de Sable's coalition and wished to use the Apple of Eden to force his rule upon the world. He was killed during a confrontation with Altaïr, who subsequently took on the position of Mentor of the [[Levantine Assassins|Levantine Order]].<ref name="AC"/> With full control over the Assassins, Altaïr set out to liberate the island of [[Cyprus]] from the Templars, who had recently purchased it from [[Richard I of England|King Richard I]]. After assassinating the Templar Grand Master [[Armand Bouchart]] and discovering the [[Templar Archive]],<ref name="Bloodlines">''[[Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines]]''</ref> Altaïr returned to Masyaf with [[Maria Thorpe]], de Sable's former disciple and Templar deserter.

[[File:Assault Armand Bouchart 14.png|thumb|left|250px|Altaïr writing the Codex]]
During this time, Altaïr began to write a detailed Codex based on information gleaned from the Apple of Eden.<ref name="Bloodlines"/> These secrets profoundly affected the Order, as new assassination techniques and equipment changed the way the organization operated. In 1209, Altaïr began to send his Assassins to cities throughout the world, after he was made aware of their existence by the Apple of Eden.<ref name="AC2"/>

In the year 1217, Altaïr set out with his wife Maria and son [[Darim Ibn-La'Ahad|Darim]] to kill [[Genghis Khan]], leaving Malik Al-Sayf as the Order's temporary leader. Khan's army had advanced westward rapidly, and Altaïr suspected that he possessed a Piece of Eden. On their journey, the family met with [[Mongolian Assassins|Mongolian Assassin]] [[Qulan Gal]], and the group worked together to end the threat. Ultimately, Darim and Qulan succeeded in killing the Khan in 1227.<ref name="Secret Crusade"/>

On their return to Masyaf, Altaïr found that his rival [[Abbas Sofian]] had taken over the Order, imprisoning Malik and killing Altaïr and Maria's youngest son, [[Sef Ibn-La'Ahad|Sef]]. Shortly after Altaïr's arrival, Malik was killed as well. Abbas then attempted to take the Apple from Altaïr, leading to Maria's death at the hands of [[Swami]], Abbas' lackey.<ref name="Revelations"/>

Altaïr and Darim fled Masyaf and Altaïr fell into a deep depression, obsessing over the Apple and ultimately driving Darim and Sef's family away. Continued study of the Apple led him to [[Memory Seals]], and taught him how to make several advanced gadgets. Recovering his mental fortitude, Altaïr returned to Masyaf in 1247 and found it in disrepair. He rallied Assassins loyal to him and Malik, and turned several of Abbas' henchmen to his side. Together they took the fortress, and Altaïr executed Abbas with the Hidden Gun, reclaiming the title of Mentor.<ref name="Revelations"/>

During this time, the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] threat continued advancing west, and Altaïr ordered his Assassins to abandon Masyaf and carry on their activities in secret. He trained and initiated the travelers [[Niccolò Polo|Niccolò]] and [[Maffeo Polo]] into the Order in 1257, then tasked them with creating Assassin guilds throughout the Old World. He then gave them his Codex and the Memory Seals for safekeeping in Constantinople before locking himself in [[Library of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad|the empty Masyaf library]].

===Late Middle Ages===
{{Quote|In this modern age, we are not as literal as our ancestors; but our seal is no less permanent...|Mario Auditore at Ezio's official induction into the Assassin Order.|Assassin's Creed II}}
[[File:AC-Encyclopedia-Italian Insignia.png|thumb|250px|Italian Renaissance variation of the Assassins' emblem]]
During the Late Middle Ages, the Order continued to thrive, despite being forced to adopt an even more secretive and isolated existence. When the Renaissance – a cultural movement – started in Italy, the Assassin Order primarily focused themselves in Italy, where the headquarters of the Templar Order were also located.<ref name="AC2"/>

In the early 14th century, the Assassins manipulated King [[Philip IV of France]] to try and destroy the Templars. They made the Church brand the Templars heretics, turning their own weapon against them, with the intention of finishing off the Templars. They managed to have the Templar Grand Master, [[Jacques de Molay]] burned at the stake, however, his nine most trusted men had escaped after he had passed on the knowledge of the ancients, and their Order continued to survive.<ref name="Revelations - Dossiers">''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' - ''[[Abstergo Files]]''</ref>

By 1321, various members of the Assassin Order had successfully integrated themselves into the everyday life of middle Italy, widely unknown to the average folk. That same year, a young sailor by the name of [[Domenico Auditore|Domenico]], the son of an Assassin, was apprenticed to the poet and Assassin [[Dante Alighieri]], who had been tasked with transporting Altaïr's Codex from [[Venice]] to [[Spain]].<ref name="AC2 - Crypt">''Assassin's Creed II'' - ''[[Auditore Family Crypt]]''</ref>

Upon Dante's death, however, the undertaking fell instead to Domenico. During the voyage, [[Piracy|pirates]] under the employ of the Templars ambushed the ship looking for the Codex, consequently raping and killing Domenico's [[Isabetta Auditore|wife]]. Fortunately for the Assassins, Domenico managed to break apart the Codex and hide its pages before he and [[Renato Auditore|his son]] were forced overboard.<ref name="AC2 - Crypt"/>

Eventually returning to Venice, Domenico found his father and his patron, [[Marco Polo]], an ally of the Assassins, dead. Thus, Domenico emptied the bank accounts of Messer Polo, and traveled to the city of [[Florence]] under the adopted name of [[House of Auditore|Auditore]]. He eventually constructed the [[Villa Auditore]] in the city of [[Monteriggioni]], which became the center of the Assassin Order in Italy up to the year 1500.<ref name="AC2 - Crypt"/>

Despite the order "modernizing" since the 12th century, they still retained many of the rituals and practices, albeit altered. The practice of removing one's ring finger had been ceased, although the seal of the Order was branded upon the finger instead with a heated iron. Although significantly fewer in number, the Assassins were supported by the [[courtesans]], thieves and [[mercenaries]] of Florence and Venice; the guilds of which were each run by a member of the Order.<ref name="AC2"/>

During this time period, the Assassins entered another span of increased hostility with the Templars, who were attempting to overthrow the ruling House of Medici in Florence, and [[Giovanni Mocenigo|the Doge]] of Venice. Having already [[Assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza|killed]] the [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza|Duke]] of [[Milan]] in 1476,<ref name="Lineage">''[[Assassin's Creed: Lineage]]''</ref> [[Rodrigo Borgia]], the Grand Master of the Templar Order, brought the noble families of [[House of Pazzi|Pazzi]] and [[House of Barbarigo|Barbarigo]] together to accomplish his goals.<ref name="AC2"/>

Entering into conflict with the Assassins, Borgia dealt a crippling blow to the Order in 1476, when he had the experienced Assassin [[Giovanni Auditore da Firenze]] and two of his sons, [[Federico Auditore da Firenze|Fredrico]] and [[Petruccio Auditore da Firenze|Petruccio]], executed. The third son, Ezio, managed to escape and sought aid from his uncle. With the aid of Ezio, the Assassins were able to counter Borgia's plot over a twenty-three year campaign, defeating him at every turn.<ref name="AC2"/>

In 1487, the Order of Assassins learned that the Templars had retrieved [[Ezio's Apple of Eden|another Apple of Eden]] from the island of Cyprus, and deemed its capture necessary. Following the artifact from [[Arsenale di Venezia|L'Arsenale di Venezia]], Ezio managed to overpower and replace the Templar guard carrying the artifact. Under this guise, Ezio met with Borgia himself, and the two engaged in battle.<ref name="AC2"/>

Borgia fled upon the arrival of other Assassins, and in doing so, the artifact fell into the hands of their Order. The Assassins of this age, however, were unaware of the nature of the artifact, although they did recognize it as one of the Pieces of Eden mentioned within Altaïr's Codex.<ref name="AC2"/>

[[File:Ascension 3.png|thumb|250px|left|The Assassins in Rome]]
By 1500, right after [[Cesare Borgia]] [[Siege of Monteriggioni|besieged]] the city of Monteriggioni, murdering Mario Auditore and once again claiming the Apple for the Templars, Ezio Auditore had moved to [[Rome]], meeting up with Niccolò Machiavelli and laying the foundations of a new "brotherhood" of Assassins. Utilizing the mercenaries, thieves and courtesans of [[Bartolomeo d'Alviano]], [[La Volpe]] and [[Claudia Auditore da Firenze]] respectively, Ezio's brotherhood worked to [[Liberation of Rome|combat the influence and power]] of the [[House of Borgia|Borgia family]], and by extension, the [[Papacy]] itself.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

Headquartered in an underground storeroom owned by [[Fabio Orsini]], on [[Tiber Island]] in the center of Rome, the Assassins began to spread their influence throughout the city, recruiting Rome's own citizens as Assassin apprentices under Ezio, eventually becoming inducted and branded into the Order as Assassins themselves. Under the instruction of Ezio, many Assassin recruits undertook a variety of missions across Europe and Asia in cities such as [[London]], [[Paris]], [[Barcelona]], Lisbon, [[Moscow]] and [[Calicut]].<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

There, the recruits killed and sabotaged Templars, the Templars' allies, and corrupt men in power, as well as defending and aiding their Assassin brothers and sisters, along with any willing to stand against the Borgia and the Church.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

Over a period of three years, Ezio's brotherhood whittled away the Borgia family's power, and with the murder of Rodrigo Borgia at the hands of his own son, and the arrest of Cesare by the [[Papal Guard]] of [[Julius II|Pope Julius II]], the Templars' influence over the city of Rome was shattered.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

Three years after [[Siege of Viana]] in 1507, when Ezio ended the threat of Cesare Borgia for once and all, the Assassin Mentor traveled to the ancient fortress of Masyaf, on a pilgrimage to learn about the origins of the Order. When he arrived, he discovered that the fortress had been overrun by the Templars, who were searching for the five [[Masyaf Keys|keys]], which would unlock a secret library beneath the fortress of Masyaf.<ref name="Revelations"/>

With one seal already in the Templars' possession, Ezio learned that the remaining four were hidden throughout the city of [[Constantinople]]. From there, Ezio made his way to the city in the hopes of obtaining the remaining seals.<ref name="Revelations"/>

When he arrived in Constantinople, Ezio was welcomed by the guild there, led by [[Yusuf Tazim]], and learned how to use their unique weapons. With the knowledge made known to him that the Templars had taken over the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] remnants, and in the recent years, had been attempting to overthrow the Ottomans, Ezio began to take a leading role in the conflict.<ref name="Revelations"/>

He retook all the [[Assassin Dens]] around the city and trained seven recruits to the rank of Master Assassin, assigning each to one of the dens. The Constantinople guild of Assassins also worked to help liberate and spread their Order's influence in other cities, namely [[Bursa]], [[Rhodes]], [[Marseille]], Damascus, Jerusalem, [[Madrid]], Lisbon, [[Tunis]], [[Tripoli]], [[Athens]], [[Algiers]] and [[Alexandria]], where they slowly whittled away Templar control, rebuilt the cities and protected them from attacks by the Templars.<ref name="Revelations"/>

They also rescued captured Assassins in these cities, and helped those who opposed the Templars. During these ventures, the Assassins were responsible for destroying the compound of the [[Knights Hospitalier]].<ref name="Revelations"/>

Together with Yusuf, Ezio protected the Ottoman prince [[Suleiman I]] from the Templars, while continuing his search for the keys. Befriending a Venetian lady, [[Sofia Sartor]], she deciphered a map containing the location of the keys. After finding four of the keys to Altaïr's library, Ezio traveled to [[Derinkuyu|Cappadocia]] – after asking Yusuf to protect Sofia at her [[Book shops|shop]] – to hunt down [[Manuel Palaiologos]] and find the final key. On doing so, he discovered that Manuel was not the true leader of the Byzantines, but that Suleiman's uncle – [[Ahmet]] – was.<ref name="Revelations"/>

On his return to Constantinople, Ezio made his way to Sofia's shop, only to find that Yusuf had been killed and Ahmet had captured Sofia, demanding the keys in exchange. However, after a full scale assault on the city's [[Harbor of Theodosius|Arsenal]], Ezio chased him over the countryside, culminating with Ahmet's brother, [[Selim I]], killing Ahmet by throwing the man from a cliff.<ref name="Revelations"/>

From there, Ezio and Sofia traveled to Masyaf and unlocked the library of Altaïr, where Ezio attempted to communicate with Desmond. Deciding that his mission was over, Ezio left behind his sword and Hidden Blade, resigning his life as an Assassin.<ref name="Revelations"/>

Once he had returned to Italy, Ezio appointed the Assassin [[Lodovico Ariosto]] as the Mentor of the Italian Assassins and then retired from the Order, marrying Sofia Sartor and having two children with her, [[Flavia Auditore|Flavia]] and [[Marcello Auditore]], while settling down on a [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] vineyard.<ref>[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)|''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' novel]]</ref><ref name="Embers"/>

As the Templars had been severely weakened in Europe, the Assassins began collecting and studying several Pieces of Eden. In 1510, Francesco Vecellio hunted down [[Niccolò di Pitigliano]], recovering the Shroud of Eden.<ref name="Project Legacy"/>

By 1519, [[Giovanni Borgia]] was secured a position aboard [[Hernán Cortés]]' ship, which was sailing to the {{Wiki|New World}}. After the Spanish troops began to ransack [[Tenochtitlan]], Giovanni recovered a [[Crystal Skulls|Crystal Skull]] from the [[Mayans|Mayan]] city, assassinating one of their priests to obtain it. On bringing it to [[Bombastus|Paracelsus]] for study, the Assassins found that it was not one of the Pieces.<ref name="Project Legacy"/>

In 1527, Giovanni accidentally read a tome belonging to Paracelsus and succeeded in crafting the Philosopher's Stone. After discovering that the tome was one half of the [[Book of Abraham]], he searched for the other half with [[Maria Amiel]], Paracelsus' assistant, but only found a translation. However, he did develop a relationship with Maria, with the two of them becoming romantically involved and later marrying each other.<ref name="Project Legacy"/>

In 1542, after studying the Crystal Skull over a long period of time, Giovanni found out that it could be used to communicate over large distances, seeing the face of a [[China|Chinese]] man in his mind.<ref name="Project Legacy"/>

Around this time, the Chinese Assassins were fighting desperately against the Templars. Several Chinese Emperors came to power through Templar support, who would then orchestrate the mass killings of Assassins. One such ruler was the [[Yongle Emperor]], who was killed by the Assassin [[Li Tong]] in 1424.<ref name="DiscoverYourLegacy">''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' - ''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Discover Your Legacy|Discover Your Legacy]]''</ref>

When Emperor [[Jiajing Emperor|Jiajing]] came to power, he nearly destroyed the Brotherhood in China, though a handful of Assassins fled west for support. [[Shao Jun]] and [[Zhu Jiuyuan|her Mentor]] escaped to Italy, though Jiajing's men killed Jun's Mentor along the way, leaving her to fend for herself. With no alternative, Jun went to Ezio to seek guidance and support.<ref name="Embers"/>

Though he initially wanted nothing to do with the Assassins anymore, he eventually relented and taught her how to rebuild her Brotherhood. Shao Jun, armed with this knowledge and [[Precursor boxes|a box]] that Ezio told her to open only if she lost her way, traveled back to China with the vow to rebuild the Chinese Brotherhood, no matter how long it took.<ref name="Embers"/><ref name="China">''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China]]''</ref>

===Colonial America===
As the reach of the {{Wiki|Old World}} spread to the New, the Assassins followed to ensure they were able to protect it from any advances the Templars made. In 1503, the Italian Assassins under Ezio were sent to recover a map of the New World made by [[Piri Reis]]. Using this map, they too began to send their forces to [[North America|America]]. The first Assassin to ever reach the New World was [[John de la Tour]], who set up a base for the Brotherhood there.<ref name="ACRG"/>

In 1510, the Assassins in [[Florida]] recruited [[Alonso Carlo]] and his adopted son, [[Miguel Ramón Carlo de Lugo]], to their cause. In 1521, Carlo was tasked with stopping the explorer [[Juan Ponce de León]] from reaching the [[Fountain of Youth]], where they knew he would find a Piece of Eden. While Miguel distracted León in conversation, a poisoned arrow killed the explorer, following which Miguel escaped.<ref name="DiscoverYourLegacy"/>

In the mid-1730s, Achilles Davenport was recruited to the Colonial branch of the Assassin Order and became its Mentor in 1746. The Templars, headed by Haytham Kenway, nearly decimated this branch of Assassins in 1763, wiping out most of its members and nearly all of its records. The exact nature of the attack was caused by former Assassin Shay Cormac who betrayed the Brotherhood after a failed attempt at locating a Temple using the Voynich manuscript and a Precursor box. Shay eventually realized the Assassins wouldn't stop trying to find these Temples and killed Assassin members Liam O'Brien, Hope Jensen, Louis-Joseph and Kesegowaase. After Liam's death, Haytham attempted to kill Achilles who was spared by Shay's convincing though forever wounded in the leg, effectively ending his time as an Assassin and he went into retirement.<ref name="ACRG"/>

Years later, Achilles mentored the young Assassin Ratonhnhaké:ton, who ultimately destroyed the Colonial Rite of the Templar Order through his actions during the American Revolutionary War. Ratonhnhaké:ton also rebuilt the province's Brotherhood, by recruiting several citizens of [[New York City|New York]] and [[Boston]].<ref name="AC3"/>

===Modern times===
{{Quote|In the old days, that usually meant killing anyone who became too powerful or greedy.'' [...] ''These days, it means subversion of established regimes.'' [...] ''Countries. Corporations. We change the system from within.|"The Mentor", in 2000, on the Assassin Order.|Assassin's Creed: The Fall}}

During the mid-19th century, at the start of the [[Sikh Empire]], the [[Indian Assassins|Indian Assassin]] [[Arbaaz Mir]] and ancestor to [[Monima Das]] was active in the search for a powerful [[Piece of Eden]] known as the [[Koh-i-Noor]]. During this period the Indian Assassins were led by the Assassin [[Hamid (Amritsar)|Hamid]] in the capital city of the Sikh Empire, [[Amritsar]].<ref name="Brahman">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brahman]]''</ref><ref name="India">''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: India]]''</ref>

[[File:Tungaska Explod v.png|thumb|250px|One of the Pieces of Eden, a Staff, destroyed in the Tunguska explosion]]
By the late 19th century, the Russian sect of the Assassin Order, the [[Narodnaya Volya]] (''People's Will''), played a vital role in overthrowing the Tsarist rule over [[Russia]]. The Assassins strongly assisted their close ally, Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks – as [[Aleksandr Ulyanov|Lenin's brother]] was an Assassin himself.

Due to the efforts of the Assassin Nikolai Orelov, the Templar-affiliated Tsar [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]] died of kidney failure and a Staff of Eden was destroyed in the [[Tunguska explosion]]. Without power, Tsarevich [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was removed from the throne and Russia became communistic.

By the 20th century, the tactics and practices of the Assassin Order had changed greatly.<ref name="The Fall #3">''Assassin's Creed: The Fall - Issue #3''</ref> Whilst the Order of Assassins had kept to their policy of remote camps and isolation,<ref name="AC"/> the Templars had begun to infiltrate society further; taking the form of many publicly known corporations such as [[NASA]],<ref name="AC"/> {{Wiki|Kraft Foods|Kraft}} and [[British Petroleum|BP]],<ref name="Brotherhood"/> which all secretly linked to the shadow-corporation Abstergo Industries.

The Templars [[Winston Churchill]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], and [[Adolf Hitler]] planned a war, [[World War II]], which would place the Templars in control. At the end of the war, Hitler was supposed to kill his double, created by the Piece of Eden in his control, and then escape. However, the Assassins spoiled this victory by assassinating Hitler as he exited the bunker that his body double was placed in.

The Assassins relied less upon killing powerful or greedy individuals, and more on changing the "established regime" from within, using politics as well as the blade to achieve their aims, such as rigging elections to keep Templars out of office.

The American presidential election of 2000 was one such election, with the Templars attempting to place their puppet [[George W. Bush]] into power, and the Assassins backing [[Al Gore]].<ref name="The Fall #3"/>

By the year 2000, the Hidden Blade had become a largely ceremonial weapon.<ref name="The Fall #3"/> In the meantime however, the Templars continued to search for and investigate the various Pieces of Eden they discovered throughout this period,<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/> whilst the Assassins continued their war against them; notably being responsible for the destruction of at least one Templar-controlled base in {{Wiki|Siberia}} in 1908, known in public as the Tunguska explosion.<ref name="AC2"/>

However, by the year 1985, the Templars, under the guise of their front-company Abstergo Industries, had begun kidnapping Assassins or those related to them in an attempt to locate even more Pieces of Eden.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

[[File:DanielKillMentor.png|thumb|250px|The Mentor's death at Cross' hands]]
That same year, a ten to eleven year old child, a descendant of the Assassin Nikolai Orelov, was kidnapped by Abstergo's [[Lineage Discovery and Acquisition|Lineage Research and Acquisition]] department and entered into the [[Animus Project]], later being codenamed "Daniel Cross".<ref name="The Fall #1"/> Years later, in 1998, Daniel joined the Assassin Order as a prospective, but with a mission to find the then-current Mentor.

Two years later, he was granted his wish and inducted into the Order by the Mentor himself; Cross subsequently murdered the Mentor with the very Hidden Blade he had been bequeathed by his victim just moments before, as a result of a neurological impulse instilled in him by Warren Vidic during his time as an Abstergo captive.<ref name="The Fall #3"/>

Cross' actions directly led to the fall of the Assassin Order, as he compromised virtually all of the Assassin camps around the world that he had visited in search for the Mentor upon his programmed return to Abstergo Industries, which forced the Assassins even further into hiding. Other notable Assassins held captive by Abstergo included Clay Kaczmarek and Desmond Miles – both descendants of Ezio Auditore and [[Adam]].<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/>

After the Mentor's death, William Miles began to take a prominent role in the Order's functioning, and became their de facto leader. It was his decision of raising Lucy Stillman outside the Order after the age of seventeen, so that all her ties to the Assassins were cut and she could infiltrate Abstergo.<ref name="Lost Archive">''Assassin's Creed: Revelations'' - ''[[The Lost Archive]]''</ref>

The Assassins attempted to spy on Abstergo using moles several times, but the people they sent always turned out to be strong and got themselves killed, or too weak and easily manipulated by the Templars.<ref name="AC3"/>

Sometime around 2008, William also recruited Clay Kaczmarek to the Order. Tasked with infiltrating Abstergo and discovering information about them, Clay returned successfully with a memo detailing the allocation of Abstergo Industries' budget, along with their funding of the Animus Project. With this information known to the Assassins, a plan was devised for him to get caught by their Lineage Research and Acquisition department as Subject 16, and was to be rescued later by Lucy.

However, years of isolation had caused her to turn against the Assassins, and once Clay learned of her defection through hacking into Abstergo's systems and uncovering security footage, she did not help him escape when the time came, leading to his subsequent suicide.<ref name="Lost Archive"/>

{{Quote|We lost two more teams last night. That's eight more of us just... gone.|Lucy Stillman, 2012.|Assassin's Creed II}}
Later on, the Templars tracked down Desmond Miles, William's son, who had left the Order in 2003. Using Desmond, Abstergo managed to obtain a map of the locations of the Pieces of Eden across the globe, and subsequently begun their attempts to claim them. When Desmond began to suffer from the Bleeding Effect, Warren Vidic told Lucy to take him somewhere where he would feel safe, as part of a plan code-named "[[Project Siren]]".

Not long after, the Assassins were able to free Desmond with the "aid" of Lucy, as well as obtain their own copy of the map.<ref name="AC2"/> Following this, Desmond agreed to aid the Assassins in their quest to defeat Abstergo, mostly for revenge, but also for closure.

Utilizing the [[Animus|Animus 2.0]], a copy of the machine used by Abstergo to explore his genetic memories previously,<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/> Desmond followed the memories of Ezio Auditore, adopting his skills in combat and freerunning, while the rest of the Order concentrated to locating the Pieces of Eden before their Templar counterparts.

Despite this, however, the war with the Templars had taken a turn for the worse. With their numbers dwindling, the Order of Assassins was in danger of losing the war. At least two known teams were reported to have been killed, one in Brisbane, Australia, and another in Whistler, Canada.<ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Initiates">''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]''</ref>

As technology progressed, so did the weapons used against the Assassins. By 2012, the Templars were using cell phone towers and satellites to track them down. As a result, Desmond and his group had to take refuge within the [[Sanctuary]], deep beneath the city of Monteriggioni. By this point, the Order was using at least one e-mail network, known as the [[Hephaestus Email Network]], in order to facilitate communications.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

[[File:Modern Assassins in Santa Maria in Aracoeli.png|thumb|left|250px|The Assassins inside Santa Maria in Aracoeli]]
In the latter half of 2012, an Assassin team made up of Lucy Stillman, Rebecca Crane, Shaun Hastings and Desmond Miles discovered the Colosseum Vault – after Desmond had relived Ezio's memories in Rome through the Animus – and infiltrated it, securing the Apple of Eden that Ezio had hidden there centuries before. On contact with First Civilization artifact, Desmond's body was taken over by the ancient being [[Juno]], who forced him to stab and kill the Assassin-traitor, Lucy.

This indirectly helped to ensure that the Templars could not get their hands on Ezio's Apple of Eden and kept Desmond safe from Templar influence from within the Assassins. Due to this event, the team and the Apple were brought to William Miles and the Order, in turn securing one of the ancient artifacts for the Order's cause.<ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="Lost Archive"/>

Also, around this time, an Assassin team in Moscow were chasing a potential lead on a Piece of Eden. However, as William Miles stated, this was some of the only good news they had got. There were teams in [[Osaka]] and [[São Paulo]]. In Osaka, the team was being tailed, so they had gone dark. In São Paulo, a leak was confirmed and the team was working on flushing it out.

The team in [[Denver]] were even worse off. They had lost contact without informing, and their safe house was empty. This meant that they were dead or captured, or that they had gone dark without notifying the Assassin headquarters.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

After killing Lucy, Desmond entered a coma, and was put back into the Animus. He relived a restored memory sequence, which provided the Assassins with co-ordinates, leading to the [[Grand Temple]]. While most Assassins continued their fight with Abstergo, William's team – with help from [[Gavin Banks]] – reached New York, hoping to find the Temple and stop the end of the world.<ref name="Revelations"/><ref name="Initiates"/>

Upon finding out that they needed a key, and three "batteries" to open the door in the Grand Temple, Desmond began to work on finding the key, by reliving memories that Juno told him to. While William's team began working on opening the Temple, he had other teams run interference, and tried to thwart Abstergo's attempts to find them, or other Pieces of Eden.

During this endeavor, several Assassins were killed by Abstergo agents, including [[Adriano Maestranzi]]. William was captured by [[Juhani Otso Berg]] when he went alone to [[Cairo]] to retrieve the third and final power source. This attempt to find Desmond and take the Apple from him ended in failure, as he assassinated both Daniel Cross and Warren Vidic, killing the men responsible for nearly destroying the order 12 years previously, and foiling the [[Eye-Abstergo]] through these actions.<ref name="AC3"/>

Returning to the Temple, Desmond fully reactivated it and discovered [[The Eye|the Eye]], a device that would save the world from the [[2012 coronal mass ejection|Second Disaster]]. Juno urged Desmond to activate the Eye, but Minerva asked him not to, saying that the Eye's activation would also kill Desmond and release Juno from her prison.<ref name="AC3"/>

While Minerva and her brethren tried to save the world, Juno was planning to use their technology to conquer it, so she was imprisoned. Minerva showed Desmond that if he let the Second Disaster happen, the world would be devastated, but humanity would endure. Desmond would become a legendary figure that would rebuild the world. However, upon his death, his ideals would be misinterpreted by future generations, bringing about the fall of civilization, and "what once was, shall be again".<ref name="AC3"/>

Believing the world would have a chance at defeating Juno, Desmond told William, Shaun and Rebecca to leave and prepare for the incoming struggle. Desmond then activated the Eye and the world was indeed saved, but as he was informed, Desmond died and Juno was released from her prison.<ref name="AC3"/>

Following Desmond's death, a depressed William went into exile, leaving the leadership of the Assassins in the hands of Gavin Banks. For the next year, Banks traveled the world onboard the ''[[Altaïr II]]'' in search of Assassin cells. Eventually, he located William in a [[William Miles' bunker|bunker]] in Norway. At the same time, Rebecca uncovered the existence of the [[Initiates]] hacker collective. After discovering that their fellow crewmembers [[Stephanie Chiu]] and [[Eric Cooper]] were Initiates, William decided to return to leadership of the Brotherhood. He recruited the Initiates and assigned them a handler, a mysterious woman going by the name [[Bishop]].<ref name="Initiates"/><ref name="ACS"/>

In 2014, the Assassins learnt that Abstergo had acquired the body of a [[Sage]] named [[John Standish]], and had started the [[Phoenix Project]] to sequence a full Precursor genome. On October 13, Shaun and [[Galina Voronina]] assaulted and destroyed Abstergo's Paris laboratory. Knowing that the Templars would not stop in their plans to find the remains of more Sages, Bishop used the Initiates to sequence the memories of Arno Dorian, who was present at the death of [[François-Thomas Germain]], a Sage from the French Revolution. The Initiate's research revealed that Germain's bones were too degraded for DNA extraction, ensuring another victory for the Assassins.<ref name="ACU"/><ref name="ACS"/>

In 2015, Bishop called upon the Initiate again to synch the memories of [[Jacob Frye|Jacob]] and [[Evie Frye]], twin Assassins from the Industrial Revolution, to find a Shroud of Eden in London before Abstergo could. However, Shaun and Rebecca chose to go off book and confront [[Isabelle Ardant]] and narrowly escaped being executed by [[Sigma Team]]. After the Initiate's data synch confirmed the Shroud's location underneath [[Buckingham Palace]], Shaun and Rebecca, backed up by Galina, infiltrated the vault but the Templars had gotten to them first. In the ensuing skirmish, Shaun managed to kill Ardant, but Rebecca was wounded by [[Violet da Costa]], who managed to escape with the Shroud.<ref name="ACS"/>

William Miles later ordered all Assassins worldwide to search for [[Álvaro Gramática]]'s laboratory and recover the Shroud. While the Assassins had no luck in locating the lab, [[Jasdip Dhami]] and [[Eric Cooper]] relayed their concerns to Bishop in regards to putting the Initiates in the Templars' crosshairs. After much deliberation, William enacted the Rooftop Garden Protocol, instructing all Assassins to remain professional on their network and if they did find Gramática's lab, they were not to engage until a strike team could be assembled. Additionally, Bishop was forced to temporarily sever all contact with the Initiates.<ref>''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' - ''[[Jack the Ripper (DLC)]]''</ref>

==Known Assassins==
{{Quote|The seeds were planted as two worlds became one. Behold, the Assassins, the children of two worlds!|Clay Kaczmarek.|Assassin's Creed II}}
[[File:Play along 9.png|thumb|250px|Ezio's initiation into the Brotherhood]]
The Assassins have existed since before the turn of the first millennium; several known figures included Darius, Iltani, Wei Yu,<ref name="AC2"/> Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus and their co-conspirators,<ref name="Project Legacy"/> Amunet and Leonius.<ref name="AC2"/> Historically however, the forebearers of the Assassins have existed since before recorded time, possibly reaching as far back as Adam and [[Eve]].<ref name="AC2"/>

===Medieval and Renaissance periods===
During the Third Crusade, the Levantine branch of the Assassin Order was mainly made up of native individuals; although some, like Altaïr, were born to parents of both religions. Led by Al Mualim,<ref name="AC"/> and later Altaïr himself,<ref name="AC2"/> other members included Harash,<ref name="Bloodlines"/> Malik and Kadar Al-Sayf, [[Rauf]], Abbas Sofian, [[Masun]] and [[Jamal]].<ref name="AC"/>

Decades later, in the north, the Mongolian branch of Assassins were working to halt the rise of the Mongolian Empire; notable members included the legendary Assassin Qulan Gal and his protégé [[Nergüi]].

Later still, individuals such as Dante Alighieri,<ref name="AC2"/> Maffeo Polo, Marco Polo,<ref name="Secret Crusade"/> and Domenico Auditore,<ref name="AC2"/> the founder of the House of Auditore would join the Order's ranks.

Allies also included various individuals, such as Adha,<ref name="Chronicles"/> and even former Templars like Maria Thorpe.<ref name="AC2"/>

Later on, during the Renaissance, the Order's numbers had dwindled significantly. Having become much more secretive, members of the Order often had occupations and lives outside of the Order, ranging from artists,<ref name="Renaissance">''[[Assassin's Creed: Renaissance]]''</ref> to thieves,<ref name="AC2"/> and even royal treasurers.<ref name="Discovery">''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]''</ref>

They included the Florentine banker Giovanni Auditore da Firenze;<ref name="AC2"/><ref name="Lineage"/> his brother Mario Auditore, caretaker of the Auditore Villa and ''condottieri'' leader; Federico Auditore da Firenze and his brother Ezio Auditore da Firenze; Paola and [[Teodora Contanto]], the heads of the Florentine and Venetian courtesans respectively; [[Antonio de Magianis]], the head of the Venetian Thieves Guild;<ref name="AC2"/> La Volpe, the head of the Florentine, and later, Roman Thieves Guild;<ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="AC2"/> Niccolò Machiavelli, a writer and head of the Florentine mercenaries; Bartolomeo d'Alviano, ''condottiero'' of Venice and later Rome,<ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="AC2"/> and [[Perotto Calderon]], undercover in the employ of the Borgia, who posed as a courier.

Others included Giovanni Borgia, the illegitimate son of Calderon and [[Lucrezia Borgia]]; Paracelcus, Swiss scientist and alchemist; Francesco Vecellio, Renaissance painter; [[Tessa Varzi]] and [[Cipriano Enu]]; [[Rinaldo Vitturi]], the keeper of the Shroud;<ref name="Project Legacy"/> [[Ridolfo Fioravant]] and [[Pietro Antonio Solari]], spies working undercover as architects on the [[Kremlin]];<ref name="Brotherhood"/> [[Luis de Santángel]] and [[Raphael Sánchez]], finance minister to [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand II]] and treasurer of Queen [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I]] respectively;<ref name="Discovery"/> Yusuf Tazim, the leader of the Constantinople Assassin Guild; Piri Reis, a top navigator and cartographer to [[Bayezid II]]; and [[Dogan]] and [[Azize]], two lieutenants of the Constantinople Assassin Guild.<ref name="Revelations"/>

Once again, the Order had many allies amongst the common folk of Italy, as well as amongst the nobility. Foremost among them was [[Leonardo da Vinci]], Ezio's closest friend and a genius of invention.<ref name="Brotherhood"/><ref name="AC2"/> Others included [[Caterina Sforza]], the Countess of [[Forlì]];<ref name="AC2 - Forlì">''Assassin's Creed II'' - ''[[Battle of Forlì (DLC)]]''</ref><ref name="Brotherhood"/> [[Lorenzo de' Medici]], the ruler of Florence; [[Agostino Barbarigo]], the Doge of Venice from 1486;<ref name="AC2"/> and the famed explorer [[Christopher Columbus]].<ref name="Discovery"/>

By 1501, Ezio Auditore and Niccolò Machiavelli had begun training new Assassin recruits in the Order from their Tiber Island headquarters in Rome. In 1503, Claudia Auditore da Firenze, sister of Ezio, also joined the Order.<ref name="Brotherhood"/>

===Age of Empires===
During the Colonial period, the Assassins spread their influence to the New World. Around this time, the [[Caribbean Assassins]] were led by [[Ah Tabai]], a [[Mayans|Mayan]]-born member of the Order. To secure the Assassin interests, he recruited [[Mary Read]] into the Brotherhood, as well as stationed numerous [[Assassin bureau|bureau]] leaders across the Caribbean, including [[Opía Apito]], [[Rhona Dinsmore]], Antó and [[Upton Travers]]. By the 1730, Edward Kenway and [[Adéwalé]] had joined the Order, albeit only after significant personal journeys. Adéwalé displayed an interest in the Creed early on, and became a student of Ah Tabai, while Edward joined the Order to make amends on the past misdeeds he had committed in his life.<ref name="ACBF"/>

John de la Tour was the first Assassin to reach the American Colonies. In the following decades, the Colonial Assassins had grown in number significantly, led by Achilles Davenport as their Mentor. Other members of the Colonial Brotherhood included Liam O'Brien, Hope Jensen, Kesegowaase, Shay Cormac and Louis-Joseph Gaultier. Following Shay's defection to the Templars, and an [[Colonial Assassin purge|assault]] in 1763, the Colonial branch of the Order was almost completely wiped out.<ref name="ACRG"/>

It would take another decade for the Assassins to rebuild their ranks, when they were joined by a number of new members, including Ratonhnhaké:ton, the grandson of Edward Kenway, who managed to ultimately eliminate the Colonial Rite of the Templars in 1782. During that time, he managed to recruit several individuals into the Order, including [[Clipper Wilkinson]], [[Deborah Carter]], [[Jacob Zenger]], [[Stephane Chapheau]], [[Jamie Colley]], [[Duncan Little]], and [[Patience Gibbs]].<ref name="AC3"/><ref name="ACBF"/>

===French Revolution===
During the late 18th century, the French Assassins, with Arno Dorian among them, worked to expose the identities of Templars who orchestrated the French Revolution for their own benefit.<ref name="ACU"/>

===Sikh Empire===
[[File:Mir.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Arbaaz Mir on his search for the Koh-i-Noor]]
During the mid-19th century, Indian Assassins had developed a strong presence in the Sikh Empire, with their main goal being the search for the Koh-i-Noor diamond and the removal of foreign Templars attempting to control India. Around this time, the Sikh Empire was ruled by Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], who was seen in a mixed light; he was viewed as a murderer by Assassins like Arbaaz Mir for his removal of Muslims in Kashmir, but by others as a hero for his near liberation of India, which ended abruptly with his poisoning by [[Francis Cotton]].<ref name="Brahman"/>

===Victorian Era===
In the late 19th century, the [[British Assassins|British Brotherhood]], under the leadership of [[Jayadeep Mir|Henry Green]], restrengthened their ranks from the mid 18th century when the Assassin siblings [[Jacob Frye|Jacob]] and [[Evie Frye]] moved to London. While there, they worked to overthrow the Templar presence by establishing a [[Rooks|criminal syndicate]] in order to fight the oppression of poverty.<ref name="ACS"/>

===Modern times===
At the turn of the 20th century, the Assassins' Order had spread as far the Russian Empire, with a strong presence in and around [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]]. Members of the Narodnaya Volya were in fact members of the Assassin Order. Some known Assassins included Nikolai Orelov and Aleksandr Ulyanov, the older brother of Vladimir Lenin.<ref name="The Fall #1"/>

[[File:Swap.png|thumb|250px|The British medic and Erich Albert]]
During World War I, there was an Assassin on the Western Front, an unidentified medic fighting for the British on the front line. The medic assassinated [[Erich Albert]], a German general and member of the Templars.<ref name="Project Legacy"/> There was also [[Irish Assassin|at least one Assassin]] active In Ireland during this era, fighting in the country's War of Independence.<ref name="ACU"/>

During the late 20th and 21st century, however, the Order seemed to have sunk further into hiding, with their numbers fewer than ever.<ref name="AC2"/> Although it is evident that more existed, only a few were known to be in the Order: Clay Kaczmarek, Desmond Miles, Lucy Stillman,<ref name="AC"/> Rebecca Crane, Shaun Hastings,<ref name="AC2"/> Hannah Mueller, Paul Bellamy, Daniel Cross,<ref name="The Fall #2"/> William Miles,<ref name="Brotherhood"/> Gavin Banks, [[Harlan Cunningham|Harlan T. Cunningham]], [[Siobhan Dhami]], [[Jasdip Dhami]], Adriano Maestranzi, a woman named [[Janice]], and a man named Marco.<ref name="Initiates"/> There were also known groups of Assassins based in São Paulo, Brazil; Moscow, Russia; Osaka, Japan; Denver, Colorado, United States;<ref name="Brotherhood"/> Whistler, Canada; Georgia and weapon suppliers in the [[Philippines]].<ref name="Initiates"/>.


==Corruption==
{{Quote|What would you know of peace, raised by such a soft Mentor as Ah Tabai? If I found a Precursor relic, I would not destroy it! I would use it as early and as often as possible.<br /> My knowledge of the Brotherhood comes from its source. "Laa shay’a waqi’un moutlaq bale kouloun moumine.” I understand these words in a way you never will. My Creed is pure, undiluted by centuries of weakness and compromise.|[[François Mackandal]] to [[Antó]]|Assassin's Creed: Rogue}}

Although restraint from zealotry was a prime aspect of their ideology, ironically the Assassins were not always immune to extremism. As aforementioned, much of this owed to a basic misunderstanding of the creed in itself, or sheer ignorance.<ref name="AC2"/> In some instances, Assassins even came to break the core tenets of the Order and align themselves closely with Templar ideology, thus corrupting their branch. While in some cases members of a corrupted branch were still known as Assassins, their actions suggested otherwise.   

===Rashid ad-din Sinan===
A premier case centers around the [[Levantine Assassins]] during the [[Third Crusade]] under the leadership of Rashid ad-Din Sinan. While this branch was responsible for propagating the progressive ethos that continued to define the Assassins for successive centuries, under Rashid's direction, it also anchored itself to dated traditions that Rashid's successor, Altaïr, would come to deem superfluous. Among these included abstention from love, which Sinan argued bred weakness and threatened resolve. Altaïr opted to reverse this policy, maintaining instead that love reinforced the altruism that he believed defined an Assassin.<ref name="AC2"/> Treachery and hypocrisy, however, were the most critical elements of corruption that Rashid perpetrated. During this time, the Assassins adhered to a strict hierarchy wherein the Mentor held paramount authority; it was well expected by Altaïr that his indignance after the assassination of [[William of Montferrat]] could be punished by immediate execution. Though rumors that Rashid drugged his disciples with herbs to induce fanatic loyalty with the promise of paradise were false, he nevertheless reinforced a policy of faith in his judgment—in authority and order—without question.<ref name="AC"/> Altaïr found this ironic, in that Assassins were encouraged to be skeptical and ever seeking answers, to respect individual judgment, and yet appeal to authority without doubt.<ref name="AC"/><ref name="AC2"/> The contradiction may seem hypocritical, but it was merely a component of Rashid's deception, as he would later acknowledge his belief that true peace is not compatible with free will. Ultimately, Rashid did preach fundamental Assassin ethos such as that the "illusion" of the world must be transcended through education and reason and that peace must be learned rather than forced. How sincerely he held to these teachings at one point, if ever, is unknown, but by 1191, he colluded with the Templars to enslave the world with the [[Apple of Eden]]. His prior denunciation of the Templars' reliance on illusions to instill peace was dishonest; in truth, he subscribed to these same designs, justifying that he was only supplanting human delusions of divinity with a bloodless one. As [[Robert de Sablé]] and he himself remarked, his only conflict with the Templars was that he did not wish to share with them control of this [[New World Order]].<ref name="AC"/> This was not Altaïr's first experience with betrayal within the Assassin Order. The previous year, Rashid's lieutenant [[Harash]], was exposed as a Templar spy though his connections to Rashid's own duplicity is unknown.<ref name="ACAC">''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]''</ref> Accordingly, when Altaïr succeeded Rashid as Mentor, he would implement massive reforms to the brotherhood.<ref name="AC2"/>

===François Mackandal & Acolytes===
The [[Haitian Assassins]] under François Mackandal is perhaps the most egregious example, one that [[Eseosa]] cited as a disgrace. The [[Maroon]] leader blatantly mocked the conventional ethos of the Assassins, believing that the root message of the creed authorized the use of unchecked aggression rather than favoring moderation. In his quest to liberate the Maroons, he defied the ethnic tolerance preached by typical Assassins and their standard reluctance to abuse the power of the [[Pieces of Eden]].<ref name="ACRG"/> As a result, he alienated himself from the other Assassins, deeming them too pacifistic. Even among his own branch, [[Babatunde Josèphe]] regarded him as deranged, fearing that his radicalism would culminate in a gross atrocity.<ref name="ACRG"/> Sure enough, Mackandal eventually plotted the indiscriminate mass murder of all white colonists by poisoning their water supply, violating the Assassins' first tenet. After his failure and execution, his pupil [[Baptiste]] sought to carry on his agenda independently of the Assassins, even going as far as to ally with the Templars. The Mentor [[Agaté]], also a student of Mackandal, remained ever as devoted to Mackandal's teachings even as he became an adversary of Baptiste. He therefore exhibited the same blood-thirst that possessed his mentor, exemplified when he felt betrayed at [[Aveline de Grandpré]]'s show of mercy to the Templar [[Antonio de Ulloa]].<ref name="Liberation">''[[Assassin's Creed III: Liberation]]''</ref>

===Pierre Bellec===
A far more contentious case was that of Pierre Bellec of the [[French Assassins]]. In his staunch loyalty to the Assassins, he harbored such a vehement hatred of the Templars that under no circumstances could he ever respect a peace accord with them. So unconditional was his conviction that he equated his Mentor [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau|Honoré Mirabeau]]'s conciliatory stance towards [[Grand Master]] [[François de la Serre]] and eventually, his daughter [[Élise de la Serre|Élise]], with decadence within the Brotherhood. Thus, he deviated from Assassin ideals by becoming absorbed in polarizing superficial labels over judging content of character regardless of title, at least in regards to Templars. Deeply bitter over what he regarded as a betrayal of the Assassins, he murdered Mirabeau with poison before attempting to recruit his former pupil [[Arno Dorian]] to his new cause. In a cruel twist, his concept of purging the Assassin leadership to reforge a glorious new order from the ashes paralleled the contemporary plot of [[Parisian Rite of the Templar Order|the Templars]] he loathed so furiously. Arno, opposing the indiscriminate demonization of all Templars, ultimately killed his former master in a personal duel, and towards the end of the [[French Revolution]], perhaps inspired in part by this incident, would affirm that the creed was a warning against fanaticism borne of blind devotion, rather than an endorsement of freedom to do as whatever one wills.<ref name="ACU"/>

===Colonial American Branch===
After years of brewing doubts, Shay Cormac defected from the Assassins following the cataclysmic [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|earthquake]] of [[Lisbon]] in 1755. His disenchantment was fostered by a poor understanding of Assassin motivations and goals, compounded by orders to commit assassinations he was not entirely convinced were warranted, and exacerbated by persistent harassment and condescension from his comrades, particularly [[Louis-Joseph Gaultier, Chevalier de la Vérendrye]]. When he accidentally triggered the destruction of [[Lisbon Temple|the site]], and Lisbon with it, his hitherto latent misgivings erupted as an aggrieved conviction: the conviction that the Assassins had knowingly sought the devastation of the city in their mad pursuit for power. Though Shay's assumption was flawed and the tragedy was an accident borne from sheer ignorance, the heated miscommunication that followed nevertheless exposed some severe defects in the management of [[Colonial Assassins|this division]] of Assassins, as well as an element of extremism. Neither side in this dispute proved capable of committing to a calm, civil dialogue on the incident, in spite of perspectivalism being a traditional corollary of the creed. After the initial dramatic quarrel, no further attempt was made by either party to discuss the matter again, as Shay concluded it was futile and that the only way to prevent further earthquakes was to steal the [[Voynich manuscript]] from the Assassins altogether. In catching Shay in this act, the Assassins reacted with relentless punitive fury, with Louis-Joseph outright bombarding the [[Davenport Homestead]] with mortar fire from [[Gerfaut|his ship]] without regards for the safety of his allies and friends just to kill Shay.<ref name="ACRG"/>

The entire scenario revealed a certain decadence that shadowed this fledgling branch. For starters, their swift and violent response against Shay's defection, in spite of their friendship with him, may have stemmed from dogmatic obedience to their Mentor, maintained by Louis-Joseph. This was a clear break from some older traditions (and early reforms) of the Assassins popularized by Altaïr and Ezio, though ironically Louis-Joseph also appeared to personally advocate traditionalism. These Assassins, in their uncompromising attitudes in the face of this altercation, exhibited some strains of absolutist thought. It was Liam's rigid rhetoric, in demonizing the Templar targets assigned to Shay, that pushed him further away. Even Shay, himself, in assuming that Assassins sought to obliterate cities, rather than more mild interpretations such as that poor intel was to blame, displayed a single-minded mentality. He presumed, after merely a single failed heated exchange, that the Assassins were utterly beyond persuasion, leading to his sudden defection. He did not seem to take into account how his enraged approach factored into the miscommunication of his attempt to convince the Assassins of the peril of tampering with the sites.<ref name="ACRG"/>

Corruption in this branch, however, was not limited to mistakes in diplomacy, rigidity in thought, and simple vilification of adversaries; it embodied itself in activities that verged on the brink of terrorism. Several civilians were targeted for death so as to "shock" the public into "silence" when Assassin publicity was threatened. In a substantial breach of the core tenets, the {{Wiki|Maliseet|Wolastoqiyik}} Assassin [[Kesegowaase]], launched an assault against the city of [[Albany]], pillaging the town and sending it into chaos. This was preceded by a similar raid on the [[Oneida]] people, who were allied with the [[British Army]], and a massacre after the [[Siege of Fort William Henry|Battle of Fort William Henry]], where Kesegowaase and his [[Abenaki]] allies violated the French agreement to escort the defeated British out peacefully. While it was not unheard of for Assassins to employ gangs in proxy war against Templar, the organized criminal network headed by [[Hope Jensen]] was particularly violent and degenerate, sowing unrest throughout [[New York]]. With the aid of [[Le Chasseur]] and her gangs, Hope sought to manufacture toxic weapons as a means of killing British colonial authorities. The Templar [[George Monro]] claimed that the targets extended to innocent civilians as well. While this remained unconfirmed, nevertheless the mere indiscriminate murder of British officials and unregulated disruption to societal peace aligned this branch closer to anarchism,<ref name="ACRG"/> a position not espoused by its contemporary counterpart in [[France]].<ref name="ACU"/> Rather than anarchic in intention, much of this unrest may have been as part of a wider campaign of sabotage against the British colonies in aid of their ally, the Kingdom of France in the [[Seven Years' War]].

From this, however, arises the matter of the Assassins' alliance with an imperialistic power such as France, especially in light of their fierce conflict in [[Saint-Domingue]] over the issue of slavery—a concern Shay himself raised. Liam's response, that the Assassins permeate political borders, is in line with the Assassins' nature as an international organization, yet the Assassins and Templars firmly established their allegiance to France and Britain respectively for this war. During the [[American Revolution]], the legacy of these political relations would ultimately influence [[Ratonhnhaké:ton|Connor]] into mistakenly equating the British with the Templars altogether, a misconception that exasperated his father, the Templar Grand Master Haytham Kenway. Tragically, his failure to transcend political labels would blind him to the hypocrisy of the [[Patriots]] he had wrongly believed would save [[Kanien'kehá:ka|his peoples']] [[Kanatahséton|lands]].<ref name="AC3"/>

===Ezio Auditore in Turkey===
The operations undertaken by Mackandal and Achilles' branches were major transgressions of Assassin discipline. When Altaïr was first exposed to Templar ideology, he had reflected on its similarity, at least in goals, to the Assassins but cited that a key distinction laid in their approach: the Assassins' methods minimized bloodshed in contrast to the brutality and imprecision of Templar attacks.<ref name="AC"/> Although the legendary Assassin Ezio Auditore espoused much of the same ideological views, his methods in [[Constantinople]] later in life deviated from the standard he had set at his prime in regards to this precision. On command by Prince [[Suleiman I|Suleiman]], he assassinated [[Tarik Barleti]], Captain of the [[Janissaries]], who turned out to be a mole, not a traitor, though he did question the prince's capricious judgment at the time. Most catastrophically, his destruction of the [[Byzantine Templars]]' gunpowder in the underground city of [[Derinkuyu]] engulfed the entire city in a firestorm that killed an unknown amount of civilians.<ref name="Revelations"/>

==Trivia==
*In the High Middle Ages, an Assassin would prove one's target had been slain by dipping a white feather in their target's blood. This practice had fallen out of use by the Renaissance, but appeared to have been revived by the Victorian Era. Both [[Jacob Frye|Jacob]] and [[Evie Frye]] engaged in the practice, though they used white handkerchiefs rather than feathers.
*Rebecca Crane noted that both the Assassin and Templar Orders had existed since before the formation of the Hashshashin and Order of the Knights Templar respectively, and queried what the two organizations called themselves beforehand.<ref name="AssassinBrotherhooddatabase">''Assassin's Creed: Syndicate'' - [[Database: The Assassin Brotherhood]]</ref>
**Historically, the ''Hashshashin'' were a sect of radical Persian Shia Muslims who, under Hassan-i Sabbāh, were said to be given a drug called hashish, under the influence of which they experienced "the Garden of Paradise". In exchange, they were expected to murder Sabbah's religious and political rivals, and due to the euphoria they experienced as an effect of the drug, they became unwaveringly loyal to Sabbah.
**The word ''Hashashashin'' also gave rise to the word 'assassin'.
**The first and the third tenets of the Creed are mostly based upon the sayings of Islam. The first tenet of not to kill innocents matches with many hadeeths and verses of the Quran. The third and last tenet of the Creed, compromising the Brotherhood, refers to waging war against God in Islam and breaking the trust of other people. In both the Brotherhood and Islam, the punishment for violating these rulings is death.

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