Editing Qing dynasty

{{Era|Organizations}}{{WP-REAL}}
{{Spoilerhd|27 September 2023}}<!-- Based on release date for episode 10 -->
{{Regime Infobox
|title1=
|image1=
|caption1=
|capital= {{Wiki|Shenyang|Mukden}} {{c|1636–1644}}<br>[[Beijing|Peking]] {{c|1644–1912}}
|government= [[Monarchy|Absolute monarchy]] {{c|1636–1911}}<br>Constitutional monarchy {{c|1911–1912}}
|head_of_state={{Wiki|Emperor of China|Emperor}}
|head_of_government=
|legislature=
|military=
|ruling_house= 
|affiliation=
|civilization= {{wiki|Manchuria}}<br>[[Mongolia]]<br>[[China]]
|languages= {{Wiki|Manchu language|Manchu}}<br>{{Wiki|Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)|Mandarin}}
|religion=
|demonym=
|major_cities=
|population=
|currency=
|founder(s)= {{wiki|Nurhaci}}
|date_founded=1616
|date_dissolved=1912
|last_ruler={{Wiki|Puyi}}
}}
The '''Qing dynasty''', officially the '''Great Qing''' (大清), was the last imperial dynasty of [[China]]. The regime was founded by the {{wiki|Jurchen people|Jurchens}} in 1616<ref name="Rowe 2009, ch. 1">Rowe, William T. (2009). "Conquest". In ''China's Last Empire: The Great Qing''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 11–30.</ref> as the '''Aisin Gurun''' (ᠠᡳ᠌ᠰᡳᠨ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ, 'Golden State') or the '''Jin''' (金, 'Gold') in the {{wiki|Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin}} language,<ref name="Later Jin">{{WP|Later Jin (1616–1636)}}</ref> then a distinct nation.<ref name="Millward 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://jimmillward.medium.com/we-need-a-new-approach-to-teaching-modern-chinese-history-we-have-lazily-repeated-false-d24983bd7ef2|title=We need a new approach to teaching modern Chinese history: we have lazily repeated false narratives for too long|author=[https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/00336000014RVd0AAG/james-millward Millward, James A.]|date=8 October 2020|publisher=''{{Wiki|Medium (website)|Medium}}''|accessdate=14 May 2023}}</ref> In 1635, the Jin conquered [[Mongolia]], extinguishing the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] once and for all.<ref name="Northern Yuan">{{WP|Northern Yuan}}</ref> The following year, with the invasion of the [[Ming dynasty|Great Ming]] underway, their khan {{wiki|Nurhaci}} renamed their people the {{wiki|Manchu people|Manchus}} and their country the Great Qing for propagandist reasons.<ref name="Rowe 2009, ch. 1" /><ref group="note" name="note1">The Ming ([[wikt:明|明]]), whose name meant 'brightness', was associated with the {{wiki|Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|classical element}} of fire while the name Jin ([[wikt:金|金]]) referred to the element of metal. Since fire melts metal, the Jin changed their name to Qing ([[wikt:清|清]]), meaning 'clear', and their element to water to signify their inevitable triumph over the Ming.</ref>

Their capture of the Ming capital of [[Beijing]] in 1644 is traditionally taken as the start of their dynasty<ref name="Millward 2020" /> although it would take until 1662 to complete the conquest of China.<ref name="Rowe 2009, ch. 1" /><ref group="note" name="note2">The completion of the Qing conquest can also be dated to 1681, when they crushed the {{wiki|Revolt of the Three Feudatories}}, or 1683 with the annexation of the {{wiki|Kingdom of Tungning}} in {{wiki|Taiwan}}, where Ming loyalists had fled. This article takes the year 1662, when the {{wiki|Zhu Youlang|last Ming emperor}} was captured and killed in southern China, as the end of the Ming.</ref> Alongside encroachments on its sovereignty by foreign empires,<ref name="Rowe 2009, ch. 6">Rowe, William T. (2009). "Crises". In ''China's Last Empire: The Great Qing''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,  pp. 149–274</ref><ref name="Rowe 2009, ch. 9">Ibid., "Imperialism", pp. 231–252.</ref> the Qing suffered widespread rebellions throughout the 19th century<ref name="Rowe 2009 ch. 7">Ibid., "Rebellion", pp. 175–200.</ref> and was finally overthrown in the 1911 {{Wiki|Xinhai Revolution}} that led to the founding of the [[Republic of China]].<ref name="Rowe 2009 ch. 10">Ibid., "Revolution", pp. 253–283.</ref>

==History==
After the Qing seized Beijing, they enthroned the six-year-old [[Aisin-Gioro hala-i Fulin]] as the Shunzhi Emperor on 30 October 1644, by which he became the first Qing ruler in China.<ref name="Rowe 2009, ch. 1" /> It is known from a series of cryptic puzzles left behind by [[Assassins|Assassin]] [[Clay Kaczmarek]] for [[Desmond Miles]] in the [[Animus]] that the Shunzhi Emperor did not possess a [[Staves of Eden|Staff of Eden]].<ref name="Glyph 2">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[Glyphs|Glyph]] #5: "Instruments of Power"</ref>

At some point prior to 1715, a daughter of Chinese rebels named [[Jing Lang]] married the son of a Qing general. Joining the [[Templars|Templar Order]], she served as a political advisor for a time before a political shift prompted her to become a [[Piracy|pirate]].<ref name="Orchid BF">''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' – [[Database: Jing Lang]]</ref><ref name="Orchid Ini">''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' – [[Database: The Orchid]]</ref>

The Qing maintained diplomatic relations with the [[Portuguese Empire]] via [[Macau]], where a mansion complex known as the [[Mandarin's House]] acted as a home for visiting Qing officials and their allies. One of these allies, the [[merchant]] [[Madam Lee]], moved into the mansion in February 1725, after which she purchased a bulk order of [[alcohol]] and [[tea]] from the Qing.<ref name="Episode 10">''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' – Episode 10</ref>

==Appearances==
*''[[Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag]]'' {{1stm}} {{Mdat}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]]'' {{Mdat}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China]]'' {{Mdat}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Forgotten Temple]]'' {{Mo}}

==Notes==
<references group="note"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Former empires]]
[[Category:China]]