Editing China

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{{Spoilerhd|1 September 2021}}
{{Update|''[[Assassin's Creed: Initiates]], [[Assassin's Creed: Uprising]], [[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]], ''[[Assassin's Creed: Blade of Shao Jun]]'', and ''[[Assassin's Creed: The Ming Storm]]''}}
{{Imageneed}}
{{Country Infobox
|title1 = China
|image1 = ACC China DB Nan'an.png
|caption1 =
|ethnic_groups = {{wiki|Han Chinese|Han}}<br>{{wiki|Ethnic groups in Chinese history|(others)}}
|languages={{wiki|Chinese language|Chinese}}:
*{{wiki|Classical Chinese}}
*{{wiki|Middle Chinese}}
*{{wiki|Min Chinese|Min}}
*{{wiki|Hakka language|Hakka}}
*{{wiki|Yue Chinese|Yue}}
*{{wiki|Wu Chinese|Wu}}
*{{wiki|Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin}}<ref name="ACCC">''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China]]'' – {{Cite|6 June 2021. Memories/in-game files needed}}</ref>
*{{wiki|Languages of China|(others)}}
{{wiki|Mongolian language|Mongolian}}
|religion = {{wiki|Chinese folk religion}}<br>{{wiki|Confucianism}}<br>{{wiki|Taoism}}<br>[[Buddhism]]<br>[[Islam]]
|demonym = Chinese
|current_state = [[Republic of China]]<br>{{wiki|People's Republic of China}}
|capital = [[Beijing]] {{c|PRC}}<br>{{wiki|Taipei}} {{c|ROC}}
|assassin_branch = [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins|Chinese Brotherhood]]
|templar_branch = [[Shanghai Rite of the Templar Order|Shanghai Rite]]
|past_states = {{wiki|Xia dynasty}} {{c|c. 2100 BCE–c. 1600 BCE}} <br>
{{wiki|Shang dynasty}} {{c|c. 1600 BCE–c. 1046 BCE}}<br>{{wiki|Zhou dynasty}} {{c|c. 1046 BCE–256 BCE}}<br>{{wiki|Qin dynasty}} {{c|221 BCE–207 BCE}}<br>{{wiki|Han dynasty}} {{c|206 BCE–220 CE}}<br>{{wiki|Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin dynasty}} {{c|266–420}}<br>{{wiki|Sui dynasty}} {{c|581–618}}<br>[[Tang dynasty]] {{c|618–907}}<br>[[Song dynasty]] {{c|960–1279}}<ref name="Tomb of the Khan">''[[Assassin's Creed: Last Descendants – Tomb of the Khan]]''</ref><br>{{wiki|Yuan dynasty}} {{c|1271–1368}}<ref name="Memories">''[[Assassin's Creed: Memories]]''</ref><br>[[Ming dynasty]] {{c|1368–1644}}<ref name="ACCC" /><ref name="ACDYL">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Discover Your Legacy]]''</ref><br>{{wiki|Qing dynasty}} {{c|1644–1911}}<br>{{wiki|Beiyang government|Republic of China (Beiyang)}} {{c|1912–1928}}<br>
*{{wiki|Empire of China}} {{c|1915–1916}} 
|historical_capitals = {{wiki|Xianyang}}<br>[[Chang'an]]<br>[[Luoyang]]<br>{{wiki|Kaifeng}}<br>{{wiki|Nanjing}}<br>{{wiki|Chongqing}}
|major_conflicts = [[An Lushan Rebellion]]<ref name="Dynasty">''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]''</ref><br> [[Mongol conquest of China]]<ref name="Tomb of the Khan" /><br>[[Chinese Civil War]]<ref name="Black Cross" /><br>[[World War II]]
|region = [[Asia|East Asia]]
|features = 
|major_cities = [[Shanghai]]<ref name="Black Cross" /><br>[[Hong Kong]]<ref name="Uprising">''[[Assassin's Creed: Uprising]]''</ref><br>[[Macau]]<ref name="ACCC" /><br>{{wiki|Guangzhou}}
|major_landmarks = [[Great Wall of China]]<br>[[Forbidden City]]<br>
|isu_vault(s) = 
}}
'''China''', also known as '''Cathay''',<ref name="The Hunt Begins">''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]'' – [[The Hunt Begins]]</ref><ref name="Stop the Burning of the City">''[[Assassin's Creed II: Discovery]]'' – [[Stop the Burning of the City]]</ref><ref name="Piri Reis: Cherry">''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' – [[Piri Reis: Cherry]]</ref> is the cradle of civilization in [[Asia|East Asia]]. Among the oldest civilizations in the [[Earth|world]], it profoundly shaped the culture, society, philosophy, and language of this region. It has been a premier regional power throughout its millennia-long history, a history largely characterized by a cycle of fragmentation, reunification, and dynastic succession.

The first imperial dynasty was the totalitarian [[Qin dynasty|Qin]] whose first emperor, [[Qin Shi Huang]], was assassinated by the [[Assassins|Assassin]] [[Wei Yu]] in 210 BCE, resulting in its abrupt collapse after only fifteen years in power. In the wake of this revolution came the [[Han dynasty]], whose longevity and preeminence cemented Chinese cultural identity. Upon its own demise, the region convulsed with countless states which rose, fell, and battled one another over the course of four centuries. 

Long term stability only returned with the [[Tang dynasty]], a golden age of economic prosperity, artistic flourishing, and international exchange. However, complacency with this peace at court coupled with its infiltration by the [[Golden Turtles]] steadily corrupted the government. When the Golden Turtles was rent apart by a schism, they dragged the entire country into the civil war known as the [[An Lushan Rebellion]]. Although intervention by the [[Hidden Ones]] saved the Tang, the devastation it suffered set the stage for its gradual decline.

During the [[Song dynasty]], it endured a harsh war in defence against the [[Mongol Empire]], progressively losing territory after territory from the north until it was finally extinguished in 1279 despite the best efforts of the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins]]. When indigenous rule was restored with the [[Ming dynasty]] in 1368, the government fell under the sway of the [[Chinese Rite of the Templar Order|Chinese Rite]] of the [[Templars|Templar Order]], becoming increasingly despotic and enacting innumerable purges against the Assassins and any [[civilians|civilian]] associates. As with the Song before it, the Ming eventually collapsed under the onslaught of a northern enemy: the Manchus who established the {{wiki|Qing dynasty}} in 1644.

The Qing proved to be the last imperial dynasty to rule China. Upon its overthrow in 1912, the Chinese revolutionaries under the leadership of [[Sun Yat-sen]] proclaimed the [[Republic of China]] (ROC), but neither the Assassins nor the Templars were able to prevent the fledgling republic from shattering immediately into dozens of [[Warlord Era|warlord states]]. Sun's successor, [[Chiang Kai-shek]], ultimately failed to defeat his last foe, the [[communism|communists]] led by [[Mao Zedong]]. He subsequently fled to the island of {{wiki|Taiwan}}, where the ROC forcibly re-established their government, while Mao founded the {{wiki|People's Republic of China}} (PRC) in the {{wiki|Mainland China|Mainland}}.<ref name="Mitter 2016">Mitter, Rana. ''[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/modern-china-a-very-short-introduction-9780198753704?cc=us&lang=en& Modern China: A Very Short Introduction]''. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.</ref>

[[Beijing]], the former capital of the Ming dynasty, has retained this status in the People's Republic of China.

==History==
===Qin dynasty===
In 210 BCE, China was under Templar domination in the form of [[Qin Shi Huang]], who had proclaimed himself the first Emperor of China after reunifying the nation. That year, the emperor was assassinated by the proto-Assassin [[Wei Yu]], who slew him with a [[spear]].<ref name="AC2">''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' – [[A Change of Plans]]</ref>

===Tang dynasty===
In 751 CE, ''[[jiedushi]]'' [[Gao Xianzhi]] of the [[Western Regions|Anxi Protectorate]] led a Tang army to seize the town of {{wiki|Talas, Kyrgyzstan|Talas}}, in present-day {{wiki|Kyrgyrzstan}}. Xianzhi intended to expand the boundaries of the Tang dynasty into Central Asia to secure key trade routes and acquire more territory. The [[Abbasid Caliphate]] were leading their own expansion efforts carrying their momentum from their overthrow of the {{wiki|Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyads}}. The Tang and Abbasids ultimately collided in the [[Battle of Talas]]. At first, the Tang had the advantage against the Abbasids thanks to the three lines of spearmen and the crossbowmen on the frontlines, both of whom formed an effective barrier against the latter's cavalry. Unfortunately for the Tang, the Karluk mercenaries attacked them from the behind. Coupled with another assault from the Abbasids in the front, the Tang army was trapped in a shocking pincer movement, resulting in the near annihilation of their 30,000-strong force. Very few Tang soldiers survived the Battle of Talas. Among them were Gao Xianzhi and [[Li E]], a twenty-one year old foot soldier in the Tang army. Resisting capture, Li E used a repeating crossbow to make a last stand against the Abbasids, only for a group of mysterious hooded riders to attack them from behind. These riders were a group of [[Hidden Ones]] led by a woman named [[Alianna]]. Li E eventually joined the Hidden Ones, grateful for saving his life from the Abbasid lancers.<ref>''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]'' - [[Beacon (Part 1)]]</ref>

By 754, the [[Order of the Ancients]] sect known as the [[Golden Turtles]] had become deeply entrenched in the court of [[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Emperor Xuanzong]] in the Tang capital of [[Chang'an]]. However, there was a deep-seated rivalry between two members of the Golden Turtles: Chancellor [[Yang Guozhong]] and ''jiedushi'' [[An Lushan]].<ref name="Dynasty 5">''Assassin's Creed: Dynasty'' – [[The Flower Banquet (Part 5)]]</ref> Eventually, Lushan rebelled against the Tang by founding the splinter faction called the [[Yeluohe]].<ref name="Dynasty 10">''Assassin's Creed: Dynasty'' – [[Beacon (Part 3)]]</ref> When his armies seized [[Luoyang]], he proclaimed the establishment of the new state of [[Yan]]. In this civil war, Lushan almost succeeded in overthrowing the Tang dynasty after Chang'an fell to his forces and caused the court of Emperor Xuanzong to flee.<ref name="Dynasty promo">''Assassin's Creed: Dynasty'' (promotional material)</ref> However, he was assassinated by [[Li E]] in 757 and the war continued until 762, ending in a Tang victory.<ref name="Dynasty promo" /><ref name="Wikipedia">{{WP|An Lushan Rebellion}}</ref> In spite of this, the rebellion severely devastated the Tang dynasty and led to its long-term decline.

===Song dynasty===
By the beginning of the 13th century, the [[Song dynasty|Song]] was the reigning dynasty of China, and it was during this period that China's northern neighbors, the [[Mongolia|Mongols]], emerged as an [[Mongol Empire|empire]] newly-unified under [[Genghis Khan]]. With a [[Swords of Eden|Sword of Eden]] in hand, Genghis embarked on a series of conquests across Asia, threatening northern China. In the 1220s, recognizing the peril, the Assassin [[Mentor]] [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad]], his wife [[Maria Thorpe|Maria]], and their son [[Darim Ibn-La'Ahad|Darim]] traveled to the region, liaised with [[Qulan Gal]], a [[Mongolian Brotherhood of Assassins|Mongolian Assassin]], and assassinated the Great Khan while he was besieging [[Xingqing]], the capital of the {{wiki|Western Xia|Western Xia Empire}}.<ref name="TSC">''[[Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade]]''</ref>

Genghis Khan's demise, alongside that of many of his sons,<ref name="Memories">''[[Assassin's Creed: Memories]]''</ref> did little to stymie Mongol expansion and by the middle of the century, the Mongol Empire had annexed most of China. In 1259, the Mongols led by [[Möngke Khan]], the first Mongol Great Khan to be inducted into the Templar Order, assaulted [[Diaoyu Castle]]. Thanks to the sacrifice of a [[Zhang Zhi's father|Chinese Assassin]] simultaneously serving as a Song commander, the Mongols were forced to withdraw for the time being. On 11 August 1259, the late Assassin's daughter, [[Zhang Zhi]], avenged him by assassinating Möngke after being recruited into the [[Chinese Brotherhood of Assassins]] by its Mentor [[Kang]].<ref name="Tomb of the Khan" />

===Yuan dynasty===
As with Genghis before, Möngke Khan's death only forestalled the Mongol conquest of China which was ultimately completed in 1279 under Möngke's younger brother [[Kublai Khan]] who inaugurated the Yuan dynasty. During his reign, the [[Venice|Venetian]] [[merchants]] [[Niccolò Polo|Niccolò]], [[Maffeo Polo|Maffeo]], and [[Marco Polo]], who had been entrusted by Altaïr with carrying on the Assassin Brotherhood, infiltrated the court of Kublai.<ref name="Memories" /> There, after many decades, they managed to recover [[Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad's Codex|Altaïr's Codex]] which had been lost to the Mongols shortly after the [[Fall of Masyaf]].<ref name="TSC" /><ref name="Memories" />

===Ming dynasty===
By 1368, the Chinese had definitively threw off the yoke of Mongol domination, restoring indigenous rule with the Ming dynasty begun by the [[Hongwu Emperor]]. During this time, the Chinese Brotherhood based themselves in the city of [[Beijing]] and were led by [[Fang Xiaoru]]. In 1402, the throne fell to the [[Templars|Templar]]-allied [[Yongle Emperor]], who had thousands of suspected Assassins across the country arrested and executed, including Fang Xiaoru. [[Li Tong]], a female Assassin whose parents had also been killed during the [[1402 Chinese Assassin purge|purge]], was able to escape Beijing with an [[Assassin apprentice|apprentice]] and an [[Apples of Eden|Apple of Eden]]. In 1424, while the Yongle Emperor was trying to suppress a rebellion near the {{Wiki|Gobi Desert}}, Li Tong entered his tent and assassinated him.<ref name="ACDYL" />

====Zhengde Emperor====
The year 1505 saw the accession of the [[Zhengde Emperor]], a young ruler whose hedonistic lifestyle and negligence of state affairs set a trend for the emperors to follow. Moreover, the Templars and Assassins continued to secretly battle for influence in the imperial court during his reign, with the former faction largely consisting of a group of corrupt eunuchs known as the [[Eight Tigers]] led by [[Liu Jin]]. In 1510, the Assassins compelled Zhu Zhifan, the Prince of Anhua, to revolt against the Zhengde Emperor, only for the rebellion to be swiftly put down by the efficient command of Liu Jin. Due to a power struggle among the Eight Tigers, however, Liu Jin himself was implicated in treason by [[Zhang Yong]], his second-in-command, and executed not long afterwards. Aside from these intrigues, China in this period continued to suffer frequent raids by the Mongols which the Emperor personally fought to defend against.<ref name="ACCC" />

In 1521, the Zhengde Emperor died without an heir, resulting in a brief but chaotic month of interregnum. The Templars seized upon the lack of imperial authority to enact a massive assault on Assassin forces in the capital of Beijing. Word of this operation leaked to the Assassins by way of an [[Concubine|imperial concubine]], [[Shao Jun]], and they countered with a preemptive strike that nevertheless ended in a catastrophic defeat. The Eight Tigers thereby seized control of the court and were able to secure the accession of the [[Jiajing Emperor]], a cousin of the Zhengde Emperor who made a ready puppet for them. In the meantime, innumerable innocents throughout the country were arrested, tortured, and executed in a nation-wide purge of Assassins and suspected accomplices.<ref name="ACCC" />

====Jiajing Emperor====
Like his predecessor, the Jiajing Emperor refused to responsibly partake in his duties as a ruler, preferring to leave them to his court officials while he indulged in a life of luxury. As a result, his government fell under the domination of the Templars and their chief instrument, [[Yan Song]]. By 1524, the Jiajing Emperor was manipulated into succeeding where the Yongle Emperor failed. Rather than have himself adopted by his predecessor's line, he declared his own father an emperor posthumously, precipitating a political crisis known as the [[Great Rites Controversy]]. Under the pretext of purging dissenters to the Emperor's will, this was seized upon by the Templars to organize a campaign against the Chinese Brotherhood that by the end of the year annihilated them down to only a few Assassins left.<ref name="ACCC" />

Despite the decisive Templar victory, the survival of an Assassin, the former concubine Shao Jun, spelled their doom as she almost single-handedly assassinated each of the Eight Tigers from 1526 to 1532. This [[Assassin-Templar War|shadow war]] conducted in the backdrop of Chinese affairs led to several disasters such as the burning of [[Macau]] in 1526 and the destruction of the [[Forbidden City]] in 1530. In a bid to preserve his power, Zhang Yong made a secret pact with the Mongol [[Altan Khan]] in 1532, allowing them a free pass through the [[Great Wall of China]] to invade the country as his allies. The conspiracy was thwarted by Jun during her assassination of Yong, and she subsequently revived the Chinese Brotherhood.<ref name="ACCC" />

Decades later in 1567, Shao Jun, now a Mentor, sent one of her agents to poison the Jiajing Emperor with a lethal dose of mercury disguised as an [[elixir of life]].<ref name="ACCC" />

===Republic era===
In 1912, the last imperial dynasty, the {{wiki|Qing dynasty|Qing}} was overthrown in by {{wiki|Xinhai Revolution|republican revolutionaries}} which led to the foundation of the {{wiki|Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China}} with the Templar [[Grand Master of the Templar Order|Grand Master]] [[Sun Yat-sen]] as its provisional president. China soon after fractured into dozens of {{wiki|Warlord Era|warlord states}}, and the [[Chinese Rite of the Templar Order|Shanghai Rite of the Templar Order]] struggled to maintain order. All the while, [[gang|crime syndicates]] such as the [[Green Gang]] led by [[Du Yuesheng]] plagued large urban centers like [[Shanghai]]. The Templar's efforts were not helped by the demise of Sun Yat-sen at the hands of the Assassins in 1925, but Sun's successor in the [[Kuomintang|Nationalist Party]], Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]], made a strong push for the reunification of China.<ref name="Black Cross">''[[Assassin's Creed Templars Volume 1: Black Cross]]''</ref>

His military successes were welcomed by followers of the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist Party of China]] and the Templars, both whom eagerly awaited his army in Shanghai and the latter whom desired Chiang as their new Grand Master. [[Albert Bolden]], the [[Black Cross]], personally destroyed the armored train that kept Chiang pinned down in [[Zhejiang|Chekiang Province]] to facilitate his arrival, but Chiang, in collusion with the Green Gang, had no intention of swearing allegiance to the Templar Order and wanted China for himself. Breaking ties with not just the Templars but the communists as well, on 12 April 1927, he initiated the split by [[Shanghai massacre of 1927|massacring]] the communists cheering his arrival in Shanghai.<ref name="Black Cross" /> The massacre triggered a conflict that escalated into the [[Chinese Civil War]],<ref name="Black Cross" /> fought between Chiang Kai-shek of the Nationalist Party and [[Mao Zedong]] of the Communist Party. Mao would ultimately emerge the victor and found the People's Republic of China in 1949.

In 2012, the Templars were planning to launch a [[Eye-Abstergo|satellite]] into space with a [[Pieces of Eden|Piece of Eden]] attached to it. The Assassins listed China as one of the possible countries where the satellite was located.<ref name="ACBH">''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]''</ref>

==Appearances==
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed II]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Discover Your Legacy]]'' {{1st}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Last Descendants – Tomb of the Khan]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Templars]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Memories]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Blade of Shao Jun]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Valhalla]]'' {{Mo}}
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Dynasty]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Imperial Jade Seal]]''

===Non-canonical appearances===
*''[[Assassin's Creed: The Ming Storm]]''
*''[[Assassin's Creed: Turbulence in the Ming Dynasty]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}
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{{ACC}}
{{ACTemplars}}
{{ACReflections}}
{{ACNovelization}}
{{ACUprising}}
{{ACLD}}
{{ACMS}}
{{ACBoSJ}}
{{ACD}}
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[[de:China]]
[[zh:中国]]
[[Category:Civilizations]]
[[Category:China| ]]
[[Category:Countries in Asia]]